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WEll^1*!R  M.Y.  14580 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  IVIicroreproductions 


Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


Th( 
to 


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Or 
be 
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or 


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10X 


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26X 


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16X 


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Bibliothique 

Musses  Nationaux  du  Canada 

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la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

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et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iilustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

X 


^jgj^ 

OCT  as  1«97| 

U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTLXE  ►.^^^^tvit*! 


DIVISION  OF  BIOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


NORTH  AMERICAIs^  FAUNA 


:n^o.  la 


[Actual  «liito  <if  imblicatioii,  Ottober  Iti,  18!t7.] 


REVISION  OF  THE  NORTH  A.MEKICAN  HATS  OF  THE 
FAMILY  VESPERTlI.lONlD.f. 

ItY 

GERRIT     S.    MILLER,    Jr. 


rrojiarcil  iimler  the  direotiou  of 

Dr.    C.    HART    MERRIAM 

CHIEF  Ol''  DIVISION  OF  l!IOLO(HCAI.  SI|;\  T.V 


LIBRARY 
TIONAL  MUSEUM 
OF  CANADA      .^\ 


WASHIXGTON 

GOVEltNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
180  7 


0 


3V)2''^ 


i 


*  *     "     * . 


'   "♦•  '.•.-' 


J 


le:tter  of  transmittal. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Aciriculture, 

Division  of  liioLOoicAi.  Strvey, 

Washiujiton,  IK  C,  July  1,  ]S97. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith,  and  recoinnieud  for  pub- 
lication, the  manuscript  of  No.  13  of  North  American  Fauna,  comprising 
anumographic  revision  of  the  bats  of  the  family  VespertiUonUhv  inhab- 
iting North  America  north  of  Panama,  by  (ierrit  S.  ^liller,  jr.     It  is 
I  based  mainly  on  material  belonging  to  the  Biological  Survey,  where 
[the  work  has  been  done. 

The  Dc])artmeut  is  constantly  in  receipt  of  bats  sent  for  identitica- 

jion  and  of  letters  of  iiujuiry  concerning  these  animals;  but  heretofore, 

owing  to  the  chaotic  state  of  the  literature  relating  to  this  group  and 

the  uncertainty  respecting  the  status  of  the  various  species,  it  has  been 

impossible  to  answer  such  inquiries  with  any  degree  of  certainty.    The 

[present  paper  is  intended  to  remove  these  ditticulties. 

liespectfuUy, 

C.  Hart  Merriam, 

ChieJ]  Biological  Survey. 
Hon.  James  Wilson, 

Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

3 


G,0*^C 


Materii 

('hail.;,'! 
Scximl 
A}ii'  vii: 
(■eoj;ra 

Ali^fiati 
I  Mca.siiri 

Illiistra 
'  NonieiK 

1.  ( 

2.  !• 
liists  of 
Descrip 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Material 7 

C'liaiittes  ill  I'olor  of  H]iecinieiis  ])rt;s«'rve(l  in  ali'dhol 8 

St'xiiiil  variation 8 

Aj;<'  vnriiitioii 8 

(^eojjrajiliic  variation 9 

(if();jraiiliic  distribution 10 

Mi;;riitioii 10 

MeaHUivinents 11 

I  Illustrations I'J 

Notuunt'lature  of  Nortli  American  \'oHpertilioiii<la' Vi 

1.  fieneric  and  subjjeuerio  names 12 

'2.  Specilic  and  siibspecilic  names 20 

Lists  of  Nortli  American  Vespcrtilionida' 38 

1  Descriptions 41 

5 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


I'LATKS. 

1.  Kars  of  Miiotin  reUfir,  M.  californicui,  M.  i/iimnnevnh,  M.  thiinanoiles,  ^f.  erotin, 

XycticeiiiH  liitmiruliH,  Ithoijei'iiHa  {ir<iriliH,  I',  tiimida,  Coryiioi'hinua  inacrolia  town- 
ai'iidii,  Kiiilerma  niaculatiiiii,  Antvozonn intUUhia. 
Uropatagiiv  oi  Khoiitrxm  fjracilis,  I!,  tiimida,  Xi/cticeiiiK  hinncraHs. 

2.  Uropatagia  of  .UyotU  caUfornlvim,  M.  iiiniianennis,  M.  cvntin,  M,  thiimnodm,  M.  velij'er, 

3.  VViugs  of  I'hcotua,  Corijnorhinux,  Emlermu,  and  LimiiruH, 

TEXT  FIGURES. 

1.  Wings  of  Ve^prriiUo  ecrotinua. 

2.  Anterior  part  of  roNtriim  of  species  of  I'hyUoalomuiidd  and  \'caperlU\onUUv. 

3.  yXn/.zlooi  AntrozoHS, 

4.  Abnormal  front  teeth  oi  Antrozoua. 

5.  Skulls  of  .'/n<roroi/8. 
(».  Teeth  of  Jxtro^oMS. 

7.  Mnzzh's  of  I'lecotiia  and  Cori/norhiiiiis. 

8.  Skulls  of  two  subspecies  of  Covi/iiorhiiiiia. 
0.  Teeth  of  two  subspecies  of  Corniiorhiiuis. 

10.  Upper  iucisors  of  three  8])eoiniens  of  Coriinorhlniis, 

11.  Skulls  of  Myotia  myoi'm,  M.  ihyxnnodea,  and  M.  uiiiricaiia  ftop). 

12.  Skulls  of  3/»/o^'8  myotia,  M,  thyaanodea,  and  M.  nhji-icaim  (side). 

13.  Ear  o{  Myolia  auhiilntna,  M.  kcenii,  M.  lucifiiyiia,  and  .V.  <tl<iHceiiaia, 

14.  Teeth  ot  MyoliH  yiimauninia,  M.  Incifugua,  M.  liici/uyna  loiKjicruH,  .V.  relifer, 
li").  Tooth  o{  Myotin  califoniiciia,  M.  aiihiilalua,  M.  erotia,  M.  Ihyaanodea. 

16.  Maxillary  teetli  of  four  spei^imens  of  Myotin  ihyaanodea. 

17.  A1>noruial  ])reinolar  of  Myotia  thyannodea. 

18.  Skull  of  Laaionycteria  iioctivagaiix. 

19.  Teetli  (>{  Laaionyctcria  noctiragiina. 

20.  Ear  of  PipiHtrvUiia  aiihflania  and  /',  henperiia. 

21.  Skull  of  PipiatrcUna  heapiriix  and  /'.  HuhHurna  (top). 

22.  Skull  of  Piimtirlliia  heaperua  and  /'.  aiihtlania  (side). 

23.  Teelh  of  Pipiatrelhia  henpiriia  and  P.  anhflnriia. 

24.  Skull  of  Veapertilio  huhamenain,  F./iiaciia,  and  V.  aerotiiiits  (top). 

25.  Skull  of  Veapertilio  hahameiiaia,  I'.fuaciia,  and  I',  aerotiniix  (side). 

26.  Teeth  of  VcapirtUio  acrotiiiiia,  and  four  subsperies  of  l'.  fiiactia. 

27.  Ear  o{  Laaiuriia  horealia  and  L.  tcliotia. 

28.  Skull  of  Laaiurua  horealia  and  fy.  teliotia  (top). 

29.  Skull  of  Laaiiiriia  teliotia  and  L.  horealia  (side). 

30.  Teetli  of  Laainnia  teliotia  and  L.  horealia. 

31.  Sknil  of  Laaiuriia  ciiiereiia. 

32.  Teeth  of  Laaiiiri'.s  cinereiia, 

33.  Skull  of  Daaypteriia  intcrmediiia. 

34.  Teeth  of  Daaypteriia  iiitermediiia. 

35.  Sknll  of  Xycticeiiia  hnmeralia. 

36.  Teeth  of  Xycticeiiia  hnmeralia. 

37.  Incisors  of  Jihoyeexaa  and  Xycticeiiia  (fronts. 

38.  Incisors  of  Rhoyeeaaa  and  X^ycticeiua  (crowns). 

39.  Skull  of  i;/io(7C("88«  tiimida. 

40.  Teeth  of  Rhogeiiaaa  titmida  and  R,  graoilia. 

6 


No.  13.        NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA. 


October,  1897. 


RKVISION  (IK  Tl 


NOIITH   AMKKH  AN   HATS  OK  TIfK  KAMILY 
VKSI'KUTIMOMD.K. 


]<V   (iKIiUIl 


Mii.i.F.it.  Jr. 


Writers  on  Ainorieaii  bsit.s  liiive  publishetl  a  liirjje  mass  of  facts  coii- 
ceniiii;;'  tlu'  disniUiitioii  and  comparative  anatomy  of  members  of  the 
family  VrspcftUiduiiUv.  rnfortunately,  however,  no  work  has  yet 
appeared  in  which  the  numerous  species  by  whicli  tiiis  };roup  is  now 
known  to  ])e  represented  in  \orth  America'  are  treated  from  tlie  stand- 
point of  the  systematic  zoologist.  In  otiier  words  it  has  hitherto  been 
imi)ossible  for  anyone  not  tliorougldy  ac(|uainte<l  with  tlie  extensive 
and  scattered  bterature  of  Xortli  American  bats  to  icU'utify  specimens 
correctly.  Tlie  i)resent  paper  has  been  prepared  with  special  reference 
to  the  long-felt  want  of  a  ready  means  to  accomplish  this  object. 

:\IATKRIAL. 

The  greater  part  of  the  material  on  whicli  this  revision  is  based  is 
contained  in  the  collection  of  the  IJiological  Survey  of  the  I'.  S.  Dejtart- 
ment  of  Agriculture.  This  collection  of  bats,  which  consists  of  more 
than  .'{,(*<">  specimens,  chietly  in  alcohol,  has  been  brought  together  dur- 
ing the  past  few  years  by  the  field  naturalists  of  the  Survey.  In  addition, 
the  writer  has  examined  the  bats  in  the  Ignited  States  National  Museum, 
the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  and  several  private  collec- 
tions, making  a  total  of  about  2,700  specimens  of  North  American 
Venim'tilioiiitla:  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  so  few  S(mth  American  bats 
are  contained  in  the  museums  of  the  United  States  that  no  definite  con- 
clusions can  be  reached  concerning  the  relationships  of  several  Mexican 
species  to  the  forms  occurring  farther  south.  For  this  reason  certain 
questions  of  nomenclature  must  for  the  prei^ent  remain  in  a  condition 
of  uncertainty.  It  is  also  to  be  regretted  that  comparatively  few  well- 
pre|>ared  skins  are  available  for  corai)aiison.  Without  goo<l  series  of 
dry  specimens  it  is  imp(>ssible  to  determine  the  limits  of  individual 
variation  in  color,  as  conclusions  of  the  most  general  kin«l  only  can  be 
based  on  specimens  that  have  been  subjected  to  the  action  of  alcohol. 
Series  of  bat  skins  as  extensive  as  those  by  which  most  groups  of  small 
North  American  mammals  are  now  represented  will  doubtless  prove 


'In  the  prestMit  paper  tlie  term  North  America  is  used  to  indicate  the  whole  of  the 
North  American  continent  and  the  West  Indies. 


8 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


the  exiatoiico  of  several  well  marked  pfeof^rapliic  races  in  addition  to 
those  now  recognizable. 

In  the  liRtH  ot'H|M>cin)ensexiunined  it  has  not  been  thon{<:lit  necoRKnry 
to  (llHtin^fuiHh  between  tliose  eontained  in  the  National  MustMiin  jtroper 
and  those  in  the  collection  of  the  Hiolo^rical  Survey.  Specimens  tVom 
other  collections,  however,  are  always  specially  designate*!. 


CHANGES   IN   rOLOR   OF  SPECIMKNS    IMSESKRVEI)   IN    AL(!()H()L. 

Hats  which  have  been  kept  in  ahtohol  tor  a  period  of  more  than  a 
few  months  become  so  altered  in  color  that  they  furnish  reliable  char- 
acters of  si/.e  and  form  only.  The  rate  and  amount  of  <'han};c  appear 
to  vary  with  dilferent  species  as  well  as  with  the  strenyth  of  the  pre- 
servative tluid  and  the  amount  of  eximsurc  to  light.  1  have  seen  two 
h>tH  of  specimens  of  one  species  collected  at  the  same  place  and  <ui 
practically  the  same  date  and  supposedly  treated  in  the  same  way,  yet 
after  six  years'  immersion  in  alc(>liol  those  in  one  bottle  still  retained 
essentially  their  normal  (;olor,  as  jiroved  by  ('omi)arison  with  skins  col- 
lected at  the  same  time,  while  those  in  another  bottle  were  so  bleached 
as  to  show  scarcely  a  semblance  of  their  original  appearance. 

While  the  details  of  the  changes  produced  by  alcohol  are  not  known, 
it  amy  be  said  that  a  gradual  bleaching  aud  ultimate  entiie  loss  of 
color  is  the  general  rule,  though  as  a  preliminary  step  browns  are  often 
very  noticeably  reddened.  The  subject  is  one  that  merits  experimental 
study. 

SEXUAL   VARIATION. 

The  range  of  sexual  vajiation  ii»  North  American  VespertHionUliV  is 
always  slight  and  in  i:aiiy  cases  scircely  api)reciable.  For  tlie  most 
part  it  consists  in  the  slightly  greater  average  size  of  the  fenmles. 
Even  this  is  often  trilling  or  absent,  as  in  the  case  of  Mi/otis  luci/mim 
lotifficrtis  from  Nicasio,  Cal.,  six  males  of  which  average:  Total  length, 
1>5.1;  tail  vertebra',  4.5.S;  forearm,  .'?7..S;  ear,  11.8;  tragus,  7.3;  while  six 
females  from  the  same  locality  average:  Total  length,  9().3;  tail  ver- 
tebra*, 44.1;  forearm,  .37.3;  ear,  12.1;  tragus,  7.2.  In  general,  however, 
it  is  necessary  to  take  this  factor  into  (jonsideration  when  comparing 
specimens  from  wid<'ly  separated  localities.  I  know  of  no  instances 
of  constant  sexual  differences  in  color  among  North  American  Vesper- 
tilionidn',  and  oidy  one  of  ditlerences  in  cutaneous  structures,  that  of 
hhofjei'ssa  ffmcUis,  in  which  the  only  known  male  has  in  each  ear  a 
distinct  glandular  swelling,  absent  in  the  two  females  that  I  have 
examined  (see  PI.  I,  fig.  7). 

AGE   VARIATION. 

Young  bats  when  nearly  full  grown  often  present  characters  different 
enough  from  those  of  the  adults  to  cause  confusion  in  ideutiflcatiou. 
The  fur  of  such  immature  specimens  is  usually  shorter  and  more  woolly 


OKOORAPHIC   VARIATION. 


iddition  to 


than  that  of  tlieadultHHixl  th<i color  darker  and  duller.  Tlu>  iiiiiiiatiire 
Hkull  dill'ers  in  si/.e  and  torni  t'roni  that  of  the  adult,  but  as  the  sutures 
disappear  at  an  early  ajje.  it  is  (d'ten  somewhat  ditllcult  to  recojjni;  <,'. 

1  have  found  that  tlu-  best  j;«'<le  to  the  ajje  ot  those  bats  that  1  have 
Htudied  is  the  condition  i>f  the  linger  Joints.  In  spcciinenM  young 
enonjfh  to  furnish  unreliable  characters  these  are  always  large  and 
loosely  formed,  with  opi|ihyses  separate  from  the  ends  of  the  phalanges 
and  metacarpals,  bi>th  of  which  are  distinctly  enlarged  for  sonje  djs- 
tanc(t  from  the  Joint  (lig.  I  <tj.  lu  adults  the  liuger  joints  are  small  and 
compact,  the  epiphy- 
ses no  longer  visible, 
and  the  phalanges  of 
essentially  tin'  same 
diameter  thronghout 
(tig.  1  h).  These  dif- 
feien«'es  are  e<nuilly 
ap])arent  in  alcoiiolic 
specimens  and  in 
dried  skins. 

GEOGRAPHIC  VAKIA- 
TION. 

As  com|)ared  with 
other  small  man.  <ials, 
bats  show  remarka- 
bly h'  lie  geographic 
variation  in  size,  i)ro- 
jiortions,  or  (Mdor. 
Thus  bleeding  indi- 
viduals «»f  Xi/rticrius 
hiinuialitf  from  Car- 
lisle, Ta.,  Dismal 
Swam]>,  Virginia,  and 
the  extreme  simthern 
jioint  of  Texas  are 
alike  in  color,'  while 
in  size  they  agree  almost  as  closely  as  any  three  lots  of  specimens 
fron)  one  locality.''  The  only  ditference  that  can  be  found  is  a  slight 
northward  increase  in  size  of  the  ears.  Specimens  of  Myoiin  luci- 
fiif/iin  from  Washington,  I>.  C,  are  uot  distinguishable  from  a  series 
taken  on  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska,  and  skius  of  Lafiiurux  cinercus  from 
Minnesota  are  exactly  like  others  from  southern  California.  While 
such  constancy  of  characters  in  wide  ranging  species  is  unparalleled 
among  American  mammals,  the  only  ones  of  which  it  is  yet  possible  to 


Kui.  1.— Whirls  of  Vfspertiliv  terotinut :  a,  ndult;  f<,  ininiatnrf  (natural 

size). 


'  So  far  as  cau  be  ascertained  from  coiuparis<  ^  of  Bpeciiuen.s  in  alcubol. 
''See  ta))lc  of  lueaaureiueuts  on  page  120. 


10 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


■    4 
I    5 


speak  with  certainty,  the  ex])htnation  f>f  the  fact  is  probably  very  sim- 
ple. Living  throughout  the  warmer  part  of  the  day  in  cool,  dark,  and 
for  the  most  part  damp  situations,  bats,  even  in  widely  separated  locali 
ties,  are  exposed  to  comparatively  little  variation  in  teni[>eratnre. 
Feeding  Jit  a  distance  above  the  surface  of  the  grourid  and  during  the 
hours  between  suusel  and  sunrise,  when  colcrs  are  scarcely  distin- 
guishable, they  art.  practically  freed  from  that  necessity  for  protective 
coloration  which  binds  the  color  of  most  manunals  so  closely  to  that  of 
their  surroundings.  From  this  reduction  in  the  force  of  two  of  the 
most  powerful  factors  in  the  production  i>f  geographic  variation — dif- 
ferences in  temperature  and  need  for  proicctive  coloration — the  com- 
parative constancy  in  the  characters  of  bats  naturally  results. 


III 

1 1; 


GEOGRAPHIC   IJISTKIIJUTION. 

From  the  peculiar  habits  of  bats  it  results  that  the  rjinges  of  these 
animals  are  less  closely  limited  by  life  areas  tiian  in  the  case  of  most 
mammals.  To  be  more  accurate,  the  frequent  dampness  and  usual  low, 
even  temperature  of  the  retreats  occupied  by  bats  during  the  hot 
part  of  the  day  expose  the  animals  to  essentially  similar  conditions 
wherever  they  msiy  be,  so  that  a  given  region  of  like  environment  is 
much  more  extended  geographically  for  a  bat  than  for  most  other 
tnammals.' 

Therefore,  although  many  species  seemingly  disregard  the  laws  of 
geographic  distribution,  their  indei»endence  is  more  apparent  than  real. 

MIGRATION. 

A  factor  which  introduces  much  uncertainty  into  the  study  i>i'  the 
distribution  of  bats  is  the  little  understood  migrations  which  son)e 
species  are  known  to  make.  That  many  bats  migrate  is  a  well-estab- 
lished  fact,  but  the  extent  to  which  migration  alltects  the  apparent  dis- 
tribution of  species  is  not  known. 

Although  there  are  probably  earlier  references  to  the  subject,  the 
first  mention  of  bat  migration  that  I  have  seen  is  by  Dobson,  in  his 
Catalogue  of  the  Chiroptera  in  the  British  ^luseum,  publislied  in  1.S78. 
In  his  remarks  on  the  geographic  distribution  of  PijmtreUm  abramunj 
Dobson  says:  "Found  during  the  summer  months  in  the  Pahearctic 
region  throughout  middle  Kurope;  •  *  *  evidently  migrates  north- 
ward, *  *  *  as  it  has  never  oeen  taken  in  Kurope  in  winter"  (p.  227). 
In  1888  Dr.  C.  Hart  Merriam  published  evidence  in  the  Transactions  of 
tfie  Royal  Society  of  Canada  (V,  Section  V,  p.  85),  which  showed  con- 
clusively that  two  American  bats,  Lasionifrtcriii  nnctivmjans  and  Laai- 
uniH  cinereuif,  perform  regular  periodical  migrations.    Xo  details  of  the 


'Analogous  coixliMons  are  fotmtl  in  sp'iiagnum  hofi».  and  heavy,  (lamp  wooiUauds, 
in  wliicli  animals  of  nortLern  r.rtinities,  Hnch  as  shrews,  lemmiugs,  and  red-hat'ked 
mice,  extend  fur  south  of  the  normal  limit  of  tlieir  kind. 


MEASUREMENTS. 


11 


extent  <»r  exact  dates  of  the  northward  and  southward  movements 
conhl  then  be  ^iven  t'urtlier  than  that  the  known  southern  records  of  the 
hoary  bat  (South  Carolina,  (reorgia,  Herniuda  Ishuids)  were  all  during 
autumn  and  winter,  and  that  the  silver  haired  bat  occurred  in  spring 
and  fall  about  the  light  house  on  Mount  Desert  Rock,  M)  miles  off  the 
coast  of  Maine,  a  treeless  islet  where  bats  were  at  other  times  unknown. 
In  August  and  September,  l.S!)0  and  18!H,  I  had  an  opportunity  to 
watch  tlieai)pearanceand  disai)pearance  of  three  species  of  bats,  Lasi- 
OHjHtens  noctiraganx,  Lasiuriis  borcalix,  and  LasiHruH  cinenim^ixt  High- 
land Light,  Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts.  The  animals,  which  were  not  to 
be  found  during  tlie  early  summer,  suddenly  became  numerous  shortly 
after  the  middli!  of  August  and  remained  abundant  for  about  a  month, 
when  they  as  suddenly  disappeared.  Tiie  regularity  w  ith  which  this 
phenomenon  occurred  on  the  two  successive  years  over  which  my  obser- 
vations extended  shows  that  the  migration  of  bats  is  probably  as  defi- 
nite as  to  dates  and  paths  as  that  of  birds.' 


MEASUREMENTS. 

For  general  purposes  of  identification,  ten  measurements  are  useful. 
Tlicscare :  Total  length,  tail  vertebra-,  tibia,  foot,  forearm,  thumb,  h>ngest 
linger,  height  of  ear  from  meatus,  width  of  ear,  and  height  of  tragus. 
The  lengtiis  of  the  separate  phalanges  of  the  tingers  are  important  in 
special  cases  only. 

The  tables  wliich  accompany  tiie  descriptions  of  the  diflerent  fornis 
contain  average  measurements  of  specinuMis  selected  from  as  wide  a 
range  of  localities  as  jjossible.  W'lienevcr  the  full  <'omplenient  of  meas- 
urements  is  given,  it  is  to  l)e  un<lerstood  that  all  liave  been  taken  from 
alcoholic  si)ecimen8  by  the  writer.  When  the  total  length,  lengtii  of 
tail,  and  tlie  three  measurements  af  the  ear  are  omitted,  the  measure- 
ments have  been  taken  from  the  dried  skin.  In  a  few  cases  the  skin 
measurements  are  supplemented  by  the  collector's  measurement  of  total 
length  aiul  tail  veitebiic  The  use  of  specimens  preserved  in  alcohol 
introduces  a  sotirce  of  error  in  two  njeasurements — total  length  ami 
length  of  tail.  According  to  the  strength  of  the  preservative  lluid,  both 
body  and  tail  are  to  a  varying  degree  shrunk  or  relaxed,  so  that  consid- 
erable discrepancies  in  the  averages  of  specimens  taken  at  diffeient 
localities  by  diflerent  (iollectors  may  result.  In  general,  it  is  i)robable 
that  these  two  measurements  as  given  in  the  tables  are  .i  trille  shorter 
than  they  would  have  been  if  taken  from  fresh  nuiterial. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  <letailed  measurements  of  individuals  can  not 
be  published,  since  averages  are  of  ui-*.'  for  comparison  with  averages 
only,  and  it  often  happens  that  a  single  specimen  nuist  be  i<lentitied. 
Averages,  moreover,  give  no  in<lication  of  the  normal  range  of  indi- 
vidual variation  at  a  particular  locality. 


'A  detailed  accoimt  i>f  tiie  migration  of  liat»  ou  t'lipe  Cod  wan  publlshetl  in  Science, 
N.  S.,  V,  No.  118,  pp.  541 -r.43,  April  2,  l»tf7. 


TT 


12 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


ILHSTEATIONS. 


The  illustrations  in  this  paper  are  reproductions  of  ])en-and-ink 
drawings  made  under  luy  constant  8ui>ervision  by  Mr.  Frank  Miiller. 
Special  difficulty  has  been  encountered  in  obtaining  satisf;n'tory  repre- 
sentations of  the  external  ear  and  of  the  crowns  of  the  teeth. 

The  ears  of  a1coholi<*  sjieciniens  are  generally  snfHciently  altered  in 
form,  by  pressure  and  by  the  action  of  the  preservative  fluid,  to 
retain  only  approximately  the  appearance  which  they  had  in  the  living 
animal.  Tliis  is  especially  the  case  with  such  large-eared  si)ecies  as 
Anfrozou.s  i}alUdiig,  CorynorhinuH  vmcrotia,  Myotis  erotis.  and  others. 
In  the  impossibility  of  reproducing  their  original  appearance,  it  has 
been  thought  best  to  represent  the  ears  in  a  uniform  but  somewhat 
unnatural  jjosition,  with  the  conch  flattened  and  the  external  basal 
lobe  turned  outward.  This  will  account  for  the  apparently  undue 
width  of  <-ertain  drawings. 

Tlie  crown  views  of  the  teeth  were  tirst  sketched  with  the  aid  of  a 
camera  lucida  and  afterwards  corrected  and  finished  by  the  use  of  hand 
lenses.  The  great  dilliculty  in  obtaining  accurate  and  uniform  results 
arose  from  the  im))ossibility  of  keej»ing  specimens  in  exactly  com- 
parable positions  and  from  the  considerable  changes  in  outline  result- 
ing fron)  every  slight  variatioji  in  the  angle  of  vision.  Therefore  the 
drawings  are  not  wholly  satisfactory.  They  are  published,  however, 
in  the  belief  that,  such  as  they  arc,  they  may  helj)  to  an  understanding 
of  the  characters  of  the  species. 

NOMENTLATURE   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN    VESPERTILIONID-E. 

To  arrive  at  final  conclusions  in  regard  to  the  nomenclature  of  the 
VeK}H'rtilitini(la'  of  North  America,  it  will  he  necessary  to  consider  in 
detail  all  names  that  iiave  been  based  on  those  members  of  the  group 
that  inhabit  the  region  in  question,  aiul  also  a  few  based  on  allied  Old 
World  species.    The  names  may  best  be  taken  up  alphabetically. 

1.  Oeneric  and  Subgeueric  Names. 

Adeionyct«ri8  H.  Allen.  1892  { Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Pliila..  If^Ol.  p.  40G, 
Jan.  19. 1892),  waa  proi>osed  as  a  substitute  for  VtxpirHx  Keys.  &  ISlas., 
preoccupied  in  Entomology  by  Vespenis  Latreille,  1829,  The  name  is, 
however,  a  synonym  of  Vesptrtilio  Linna'us,  IToS,  Eptesivus  Iia(inesi|Ue. 
182<>, and  also  of  Cnephaus  Kau]).  1829. 

Aeorestes  Fitzinger,  1870  (Sitzungsber.  Math.-Nat.  CI.  K.  Akad.Wiss., 
Wien,  LXII,  A«>th.,  I,  pp.  427-4.{(i),  is  a  synonym  of  Myotia  Kaup,  1829. 
The  group  included  three  South  American  si)ecie8v  Myotic  r«7/o*«x«iMj««, 
M.  ;iiV/rt<'flM«,  and  M.  alheacvnH. 

Antrozons  H.  Allen.  1862  (Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila..  p.248),  is  the 
only  generic  name  baaed  on  VvttpertUiu  paUidua  Le  Coute. 


NOMENCLATURE. 


13 


Atalapha  Raflnesque,  1814  (Precis  des  Deconv.  et  Travaux  Somio- 
lojj;i<iue.s,  p.  12),  is  clearly  based  on  a  Sicilian  bat.'  The  use  of  the 
name  for  a  genus  conHiied  to  America  is  tlu'rafore  impossible. 

Brachyotns  Kolenati,  1856  (Allgem.  Deutsch.  Jfaturhist.  Zeitg.,  Dres- 
den. Neue  Foljje.  II,  pp.  I'U.  174-177),  is  a  subgeneric  name  based  on 
three  European  siMjcies  of  '  VespertiUo''  {mystacinus,  daubentonii,  and 
(Insycneme)  with  ears  shorter  than  hea<l. 

Gateoras  Kolenati,  1856  (Allgem.  Deutsch.  Naturhist.  Zeitg.,  Dresden, 
Neue  Folge,  II,  pp.  131, 1({2-I«i.'i),  a  subgeneric  name  based  on  '  VexperuH^ 
serotiinin^  is  a  synonym  of  Vexpertilio  Linnti'us. 

Cnephsens  Kaup,  1829  (Skizzirte  Eutw.-(Jesch.  u.  Natiirl.  Syst.  d. 
Europ.  Thierw..  Ister  Theil,  j).  103),  is  a  generic  luime  based  on  Vcxper- 
iilio  .serotinus  Schrcber,  a  species  congeneric  with  Vespertilio  fuscnsoi 
America.    The  name  is  a  synonym  of  VeHpcrtiUo. 

Cnephaiophilus  Fitzinger.  1870  (Sitzungsber.  K.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Wien, 
LXII,  Abth.  l.p.  SI),  is  a  genus  composed  of  very  heterogeneous  ele- 
ments among  wiiich  no  tyi)e  is  mentioned.  The  species  referred  to  it 
are  muccUiis  ('P.onieo'),  ptiliiciilus  ('S,  E.  Asia,  l*hilipi)ines'),  ferrutji- 
H<'»xcMittel  Amerika,  Surinam'),  and  the  Xorth  American  »octirti{ia)i.s. 
Whether  or  not  the  name  may  be  available  for  some  of  the  other  spe- 
cies, it  certainly  is  not  f<»r  the  one  which  conies  within  the  limits  <»f  the 
present  jiajier,  since  this  was  already  provided  with  the  generic  name 
Liisioni/cteris. 

Comastes  Fitzinger,  1870  f.^itzungsber.  Math. -Nat.  CI.  K.  Akad. 
Wiss.,  Wi(Mi,  LXII,  Abth.  1,  p.  .")«»."»),  is  a  synonym  of  Myotis  Kaup, 
unless  it  may  eventually  be  shown  that  the  species  on  which  it  was 
based,  rapacrinii,  me<iapoilius,  ilasycueme  and  limno2)liiluii,  are  subgen- 
erically  distinct  from  Myntis  myotis. 

Corynorhinus  11.  Allen,  1865  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila..  p.  173), 
l)ioposcd  as  p.  generic  name  lor  I'lecotus  mavrotin  Le  Conte  and  P. 
toH-usendi  C(»oper.  is  the  only  available  name  for  the  group  of  which 
Vin-ynorhinuH  nuicroti.s  is  the  only  known  species. 

Da83^teru8  Peters.  1871  (Monatsber.  K.  Akad.  Wiss.,  IJerlin.  1S70,  p. 
!>1L'.  i)ublished  1S7I ),  was  established  as  a  subgenus  of  Atalapha  {=  iMsi- 
unis)  to  ctuitain  the  species  intvniH'dia^  <<irc(fia,  C(/a,  and  camlata.  It 
has  recently  been  raised  to  full  generic  rank  by  Dr.  Harrison  Allen. 

Eptesicus  I\atines(iue.,  1820  (Annals  of  Nature,  p.  2),  originally  con- 

'II.  G.  ATALAPHA  i  C'lianvf-somisi.  IiicisiveHiiiilloHiuix  ilfiiv  iiiMelioirns.caiiiiii-s 
ft  iiiaflii'Iii-n'S  aijjiieN:  aiiciiiii-  cr.te  siir  Ir  ui-z.  ipieiie  prcsqu'eDtiiToiiiiiiit  uiiie  iiiis 
iiieiiibraiie!^. 

2.  .ilalditha  sirida. — Ort'illes  ile  la  lonK'i^nr  'If  I-i  tC'to,  et  anriculrea,  niie  vfrnip 
80118  lii  Irvrt-  inlV-rieim':  i-itrps  loiix  )>riinatre  en  (lessim,  idiix  ctMidro  en  (le.ssoiiB,  ailt-s 
et  ntiiaeaii  iioirati'e,  <ineiie  saillaiite  par  line  pointe  obtuse. — Obs.  .J'ai  (ibsfTvo  cette 
esjii'ce  en  Sicile.  elle  <lit1"rre  de  V.ltalai>ha  amrrirana  (  \'e«)urtUin  norvhoraiensiH  I, in.), 
autre  eapt-ce  du  uituie  geure,  par  sea  deux  x"'*^u'>£i''i  *^^  """  deruier  caractere. 


"1 


m 


!l! 


14 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


tained  two  species^  E.  melanopx  aud  E.  mydas.^  Eptesicus  melanops  is 
witbout  doubt  the  VesperiiUo  fuscux  of  Beauvois.  E.  mt/f1as,  however, 
can  not  be  identified  (seep.  32).  The  first  species  must  therefore  be 
taken  as  the  tyjie.  Since  this  si)ecies  is  conj^eueric  with  Vesperfilio 
miirinuH  Linua*us  ( =  Vexperuyo  (Uwolor  Natterer),  the  type  of  the  genus 
Vefipertilio,  the  name  Eptrxicvx  is  a  synonym  of  Vcspertilio. 

Euderma  II.  Allen,  1892  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1891,  p.  467, 
published  Jan.  19, 1892),  is  the  tenable  name  for  the  genus  of  which 
Bintiotux  maeulatHM  J.  A.  Allen  is  the  type  aud  only  known  species. 

Eistiotus  Gervais,  1855  ( E.\pe<l.  Comte  de  Castelnau  Am.  du  Sud,  Zool., 
Mainmif.,  p.  77,  PI.  XII >.  was  basetl  on  the  South  American  Plevotus 
velatuH  of  Geoffroy.  Euderma  maculattnn  was  originally  described  as  a 
member  of  this  genus,  the  name  of  which  has  not  otherwise  api)eared 
in  the  literature  of  North  American  Vespertilionidu'. 

Hypexodon  Eafines<|ue,  1819  (Journal  de  Physique,  de  Chimie,  d'His- 
toire  naturelle  et  des  Arts.  LXXXVIII,  p.  -417),  can  not  be  identified 
with  any  known  group  of  bats.  The  characters  which  Rafinesque 
assigns  to  the  type  sjjecies-  may  be  those  of  a  mutihited  and  distorted 
specimen  of someofthe smsdlaiMH^iesof  yyvticeiufi, PtpistreUnx, or }fyotis. 

Hypsngo  Kolenati,  1856  (Allgem.  Deutsch.  Naturhist.  Zeitg.,  Dres- 
den, Neue  Folge,  II,  pp.  131,  167-l(i9),  is  a  synonym  of  FipMnUiix 
Kaup.  It  was  based  on  '  Vexperugo'  matints  lilasius  and  '  V. '  Iraxcheni- 
nihucii  Evek  .^mann. 

Isotus  Kolenati.  1856  (Allgem.  Deutsch.  Naturhist.  Zeitg.,  Dresden, 
Neue  Folge,  II,  pp.  131.177-179),  is  a  subgeneric  name  based  on  two 
European  species  of  '  VixjH'rtilio '  (natUreri  and  ciliatus)  which  have  the 
ear  about  equal  in  length  to  the  head.  It  is  of  course  a  synonym  of 
Myoiis  Kaup,  1829,  and  of  Selysiux  Bonaparte,  18-11. 

Lasionycteris  I'eters,  1865  iMonatsber.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin. 
1805,  p.  6-iS),  is  the  first  name  proposed  for  the  genus  of  which  Vexper- 
tilio  noctivaganx  Le  Conte  is  the  only  known  species. 

Lasiurus  Gray,  1831  (Zoological  Miscellany,  No.  1,  p.  38).  is  the  first 

'The  ori/^iiial  diagnosis  of  the  };eiiii8  EfitesicHS  is  as  follows: 

"  I.  X.  G.  El'TEfilCrS.  Konr  acute  foreteeth  to  tbe  iij)|>er,jaw,  in  two  equal  pairs, 
separated  by  a  fjieat  interval  and  a  lar<ie  riat  v  art,  each  jmir  has  two  une<iuai 
teeth,  the  outside  tooth  i>  niiii-h  larger  and  unequally  bitid,  the  outside  one  nmrh 
larger,  inside  tooth  small  and  entire.  Six  fore-teetli  to  the  lower  jaw,  efjual  very 
small,  dose  and  truncate.  Canine  teeth  very  sliitrp,  curved  and  long,  (irinders 
nne(|ually  tritid.  Snout  plain,  nose  without  appeiiduges.  Ears  separated,  auricu- 
lati'd.  Tail  mueronate. — This  genus  a|q>ears  to  dirt'or  from  all  those  of  (Jeotfroy  and 
Cuvier,  among  the  extensive  tribe  of  Hats.     The  name  means  house-tlyer.'' 

-1.  Nouvean  genre.  HYPEX«>DOX.  (Chauvi -souris.)  Museau  nu  ;  narinesrondes, 
saillnntes ;  incisives  superienres  nnllcs.  t!  inforieures  ('Uiargint^es,  nne  verrue  u  la  base 
ext^'rieure  des  canines  inferieure«.  C^ueue  eugagee  dans  la  membrane.  Le  reste 
comme  le  genre  J'espertUio. — I  e«p«ce  //.  mtfflnx,  entitrement  fauve,  dessus  de  la  tete 
brun,  ailes  et  nienibraues  noire!:,  queue  ninrronc^e,  des  moustaches,  oreilles  brunes 
auricuh'es,  nervures  interieur*-*  «t  tnuisversales;  longueur  totale,  3  ponces,  dont  la 
queue  2  pouces.     Eu  Kentucky. 


NOMENCLATURE. 


15 


lanops  is 
liowever, 
refore  be 
espertilio 
the  genus 

I,  p.  467, 
of  which 
[)ecies. 
ud,  Zool., 
I  PlecotuK 
ribed  as  a 
apiieared 

uie,  d'His- 
ideutified 
iatiues<iue 
I  distorted 
,  or  Myotis. 
itg.,  Dres- 
*ipistn'Uu>t 
Jcrancheni- 

Dresden, 
ed  on  two 
h  have  the 
yuonyni  of 

ss.,  Berlin, 
ch  Vtxpei- 

is  the  tirst 


"qiial  iiairs, 
,wo  iiiieqiial 
le  one  mm  h 

,  e(|nal  very 
(iriiiders 

ited.  auricu- 

iJeoffroy  ami 

riiies  romles, 
iTue  a  la  base 
I,e  re»tfc 
Ills  tie  la  tt"te 
uilles  hruiiea 
iiee:),  tloiit  la 


name  based  on  the  bats  of  the  American  genus  comnnndy  but  wrongly 

i-alU'd  Atnlapha.     It  was  introduced  as  follows:  '"The bats,  the  Vesper- 

tilionvs  of  (leoffroy,  nught  forconvenience  be  divided  into  three  genera, 

the  true  bats,  VeHpertilio    *     ♦     ♦,     the  I'ochifotus    •     *     *,     and  the 

hairy  tailed  species  of  America  (/>««/»<>««)."     As  the  only  hairy-tailed 

[American  bats  known  in  183S  were  members  of  the  modern  genus 

\jAii<ii(nis,  this  brief  statement  may  be  taken  as  a  definite  indication  of 

[the  author's  meaning.      In  183.S  Gray  referred  the  species  pntinoHits 

(=: cinereux),  lasiuruH  ( -   horealin),  and  hlossevHlci{^   horcalin.tidc  Dob.son ) 

fto  the  group,  which  he  then  regarded  as  a  subgenus  or  section  of 

\i<i-otoplnlm  (Mag.  Zool.  .S:  Hot.,  U,  p.  4!KS,  Hdinburgh,  1S;$S). 

Marsipolsemus  Peters,  1872  (Monatsber.  k.  Preuss  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin, 
,  LMJO).  was  proposed  in  a  subgeneric  sense  tor  a  Mexican  bat,  Vesperus 
lUiitfidurin  Peters,  about  the  size  of  Vexpertilio  /m.stm.v,  with  tlie  denti- 
tion of  tliat  species,  but  with  the  outer  border  of  the  ear  continuous 
rith  a  fold  of  skin  which  extends  back  from  the  corner  of  the  mouth, 
inder  and  behiiul  which  a  distint-t  pocket  is  formed.  1  have  never 
seen  this  bat,  and  am  unable  to  say  what  value  is  to  be  i)laced  on  the 
characters  described.     (See  ]).  104.) 

Meteorus  Kolenati,  1856  ( AUgem.  Deutsch.  Naturhist.  Zeitg.,  Dresden, 
»eue  Folge,  II,  ])i>.  l-'Jl,  1(!7-1«>'.»),  is  a  synonym  of  VespertUio  Liiuncus. 
[t  was  i»roposed  as  a  subgenus  of  ^  Vesperus^  to  include  the  species 
iilssoiii.  tliscolor.  .sarii,  Icuvippe,  and  arititippr. 

Myotis  Kanp,  1829  (Skizzirte  Entw.  Gesch.  u.  Xatiirl.  Syst.  der  Europ. 
Thierw..  Ister  Tlieil,  p.  1(M»),  is  the  first  name  based  on  the  large,  long- 
^ared.  thirty  eight  toothed  bat  wrongly  called  VesiHrtilio  miiriniis  by 
Schreber.'     It  is  therefore  the  tenable  name  for  the  genus  of  which  this 
nimal  is  the  type.     As  the  Vespertilio  muriini,s  of  Schreber  is  not  the 
'(■.spcrtilio  iHiirinus  of  Linna'us,  another  specific  name  must  be  ap])lied 
tiie  former.    The  name  ini/otis  IJechstein-  is  available  for  this  i>ur- 
)se.     Ilence  the  Vespertilio  mi(rinus  of  Schreber  and  of  Eurojteau 
rriters  in  general  must  stand  as  Mtfotis  myotis  (Bechstein). 

Nannugo  Kolenati,  1856  ( Allgem.  Deutsch.  Naturliist.  Zeitg.,  Dresden, 
b'ue  Folge,  II,  i)p.  131,  1(»9-172),  is  r  aynouym  of  Pipistrell us  Kanp, 
L".».  It  was  juoimsed  as  a  subgenus  of  '■Vesper injo''  to  include  tlie 
jlnropeaii  species  piitistrcllus,  liihlii,  and  nattereri. 
J  Noctula  Bonaparte,  1837  (Iconografia  Fauna  Italica,  I.  fasc,  XXI, 
jfnder  Vespotilio  idcf/thoe),  based  on  \'rspertilio_serutinus  Sclireber  is  a 
^nonym  of  Vespertilio  Liiiiueu^. 
Nycliceii  .  'afines(|ue,  1819  (.bmriial  de  Physique,  de  Chimie,  d'llis- 
)ire  Naturelle  et  des  Arts,  LXXX  VIII,  p.  417),  contained  two  species, 

['Kanp  says:  "  FledermiMise  v(»n  ricseumiissijjer  (Jrimae,  mit  naektciii  (Jt'siclit, 
ktrt'iinten.  koplslaiijft'ii  Ohrtii,  lan}j[ou  lan/.»'ttfilrmij;en  Ohrendockelu,  imd  38 
pliiien." 

|- Irx/ifrfi/io  miiotis  Heobsteiii,  (M'meiiuiiitz.  Nattirgesch.  Deutschlauds,   IJd,  I,  p. 
5,  1791  {Mf  niasius). 


16 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


I 


N.  humeralis  Raf.  and  N.  tesselatm  Baf.  Nothing  in  tlie  description' 
in«licates  which  of  these  the  author  considered  as  the  type.  Xycticeiim 
tesselatiiH  Raf.  is  LuHiuruH  borealitt  (Miiller),  and  S.  humeralis  may  with 
some  dejxiee  of  i)robability  be  identiKed  with  the  small  brown  bsit  more 
generally  known  as  Nycticejux  crejuntculariH  Le  Conte.^  There  is  cer 
tainly  nothing  in  the  diagnosis  of  the  geuns  or  in  the  description  »>t 
TexpertHio  liumeraliH  previously  published  in  the  American  Monthly 
Magazine  that  precludes  this  possibility,  while  the  size,  the  number  of 
incisors,  and  the  naked  uropatagium  point  directly  toward  it.  As 
borenlis  was  removed  to  the  genus  Laniitriis  by  Gray  in  18^iS,  humeral Ix 
becomes  the  tyi>e  of  Xi/cticeius.  The  orthography  of  this  name  has  had 
several  emendations,  as  Xyrturiifi,  yyvticejiis,  Xyctivea,  and  Xyvticeyjr. 

Nyctilestes  Marsh,  1872  (Amer.  Journ.  Sci.  «S:  Arts,  3d  ser.,  IV,  p. 

21")),  is  a  fossil  genus  based  on  part  of  a  lower  Jaw  and  molars  from 

Eocene  or  Lower  Miocene  strata  near  Henrys  Fork,  Wyoming.    The 

remains  present  no  characters  to  distinguish  them  generically  from 

VespertUio.    Only  one  species,  Xyttile:<tt'i<  xvrotiniiSf  has  been  described. 

Nyctitherinm  Marsh,  1872  (Anier.  .lourii.  Sci.  ^S:  Arts,  3d  ser.,  IV.  ]>, 
127),  is  a  genus  based  on  the  fragments  of  two  lower  jaws  found  with 
teeth  in  i)lace,  from  Tertiary  strata  at  Grizzly  Bnttes,  Wyoming.  Tlie 
original  description  indicates  no  characters  bj-  which  tlicse  teeth  may  he 
distinguished  from  those  of  small  species  of  VipistreUus  or  Vespertilin. 

Nystactes  Kaup,  1829  (Skizzirte  Entw.  Gesch.  u.  Natiirl.  Syst.  (Ur 
Europ.  Thierw.,  Ister  Theil,  p.  108).  based  on  VeapertUio  bcchsteinii 
Leislcr  is  strictly  synonymous  with  the  .same  author's  Mi/Dtis.^ 

Pachyotus  Gray,  1831  (Zool.  Misc.,  No.  1.  p.  38),  was  Hrst  used  as  thi 
name  for  a  genus  made  by  the  combination  of  XyctirciiiH  and  tScotopIn   [ 
lun.     Later  (Mag.  Zool.  &  Bot.,  II,  j).  498,  1838)  Gray  transferred  it  tt 
Vespertilio  riUoaissimus  Geoftroy  in  a  subgeneric  sense.    The  name  i? 
of  course  untenable.^ 

Pipistrellus  Kaup,  1829  (Skizzirte  Entw.-Gesch.  u.  Xatiirl.  Syst.  der 
Europ.  Thierw..  Ister  Theil,  p.  1)8).  This  name  was  based  on  Vespertili' 
pipintnllKs  Sclireber,  a  species  strictly  congeneric  with  the  '  Vespcnun 


'2.  NVCTICEIIIS.  (Chauve-soiiris. )  Diflire  tin  {reure  proccdent  [//y;»e,r«ffoH]  v;' 
2iu<'i.sivos  siiiioriciires  sc^paroes  par  nii  •rraiul  intervalle.  at-coloes  aiix  cauiiies  ct 
crouelnrcs  :ii<j;iii's,  (>  iucisives  iiif<^rieure.s  trou<iHi-t'9.  point  de  verrues  aux  canines. - 
Ce  j;enre  contient  an  nioius  2  esprces,  .V.  humenili*  et  A'  leasilatiis,  qne  j'ai  drj 
d^frits  dans  V.lmericaii  Monthly  M(i;iaciiu.  sons  la  ili'-noniinatiuu  gt-uoritjue  fenptt  lili'^ 
avec  plusieiirs  autres  nonvelles  esprces  de  ces  ooutnes. 
See  Thdinas,  Ann.  iV  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  IS'U,  r.li8. 

■  Kaup  says :  "  FU'dernilinse  mit  sehr  lau<;on  <;etrennteu  < Hiren.  langeni  zngespit/ii 
Ohn'udet'kel,  3S  Ziihnt'n  nnd  spitzmausjibnlicheni  Kiissel.' 

■^Tbo  original  reference  is  a.s  follows:  ••Thf  bat-s.  tlie  yitpertilioniH  of  GeolVrn} 
niigbt  for  ccmvenienee  be  divided  into  three  genera,  the  true  bats,  Vtipertilio,  \\\i 
thin  cars  and  nienibruues  and  a  hairy  face,  the  I'mlnjotui,  with  thick  ears  and  nieiii 
branes  and  bald  HWoUen  ehei-ka,  including  the  genera  Syitutjua  and  Svotophilus,  aut^ 
the  hairy-tailed  species  of  America  {Lasiurita).'' 


NOMENCLATURE. 


17 


ansem  /ngespit/ii: 


geortfianvs^  of  the  riiited  States.    It  autedates  the  name  VtHperuyo  by 
exactly  tei'  yi'ai  s. 

Plecotus  (It'ottroy,  1818 '  ( Description  de  I'ftgypte,  Maniniifi'res,  p.  1 12), 
included  three  species, ' lOreillard  de  Danbenton,'  'la  barbastelle,'  and 
a  new  species  iVonj  Tinior.- 

As  no  American  bats  iue  conjjeneric  with  the  species  originally 
included  in  this  genns,  the  name  can  not  he  used  for  any  of  the  genera 
new  under  consideration.     It  has  been  applied  to  the  species  of  Cory 
Inorh'nnis. 

Bhogeessa  II.  Allen,  1866  (Troc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.,  p.  28r>),  was 
jpropose«l  as  a  genus  to  contain  the  species  li.  parvula  II.  Allen  and  R. 
Itumida  II.  Allen.  The  group,  whose  valitlity  has  not  been  questioned, 
has  received  varying  treatment  at  the  hands  of  different  writers. 
IDobson  pl..^ced  it  as  a  subgenus  under  '  Vesper mjo,^  but  Thomas  biis 
[recently  pointed  out  its  close  relationship  to  Nyvticeiutt.  The  latter 
[disposition  appears  to  be  the  more  initural. 

The  name  has  been  amended  to  Rhoyiiesm  by  Marschall  (Nomenclator 
[Zoologicus,  Mamm.,  p.  11, 1873). 

Scotophilus  Leach,  1821  (Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  XIII,  pt.  l,p.  (J9), 

Itype  S.  huhlii  Leach,  is  a  genus  peculiar  to  the  Old  World,  where  it 

jupparently  replaces  the  Lasinrus  of  America.     It  is  mentioned  hero 

bicrely  because  the  name  has  been  used  for  the  North  American  opecies 

)f  iMsiurus,   W'spertilio,  TAtsionycterift,  and  IHpistndlus  at  times  when 

f,hese  bats  were  supposed  to  be  congeneric  with  Old  VV^orld  species. 

Selysius  lionaparte,  1841  (Iconogratia  Fauna  Italica,  I,  Introduzione 
[p. .'{]),  is  a  synonym  of  Myotin  Kaup,  1829.  It  was  based  on  the 
bommon  Eumiiean  VcspertHio  inytttacinus  of  Leisler. 

Synotus  Keyserling  and  Blasius,  1839  (VViegmann's  Archiv  f.  Natur. 
jeschichte,  .Iter  Jahrgang,  Bd.  I,  pp.  .'JO.l,  3(K»),  was  based  on  the  bar- 
jastelle,  a  Kuropean  bat  representing  a  genus  not  known  to  occur  in 
lUierica.  The  name,  however,  has  been  applied  to  the  American  genus 
ilterwards  called  Corynorhinits.  It  is  ante«lated  by  liarhastel la  Gray, 
[821  (London  Medical  liepository,  XV,  p.  309.  Type  VvsjHrtUio  barbas- 
ilhis  Schreber). 

Taphozous  (leoffroy,  1818'  (I)escripti(»n  de  Tfigypte,  Mam n«i feres,  p. 
[13),  based  on  '  Le  lerot-volant'  and  'le  W  lepturu.s,^  which  are  witliout 
tipresentatives  in  AniericiJ.  Tiic  red  bat  {ljasiin-i(.s  horcaUfi)  was,  liow- 
Iver,  included  in  this  genus  by  (lodnuin  under  the  name  TuphozoiiHru/uH:^ 


I  Soo  Sherl)oru,  Proc.  Zool.  Sac.  I.oiulon,  18J>7,  p.  2SS. 


Dents  incisives 


1 


5-5 


2 
J.,    canines   .,;    luulaires   j.  j^.     Ne/  simple  el  xaiUant ;  clianf'rein 

ituje  et  mi'tplat.  Oreilles  plus  grandrs  quo  la  t(''te,  et  rounies;  ureillon  int(5rieur. 
[enibrano  interfcuiurale  <5tendue  et  a  angle  saillant.  Qnene  longiu-  et  toute  entirre 
iveloi>pt^i>. 

jobs.    Les  trois  espt'ces  do  ce  genio  soiit,  I'on'illaril  do  Danbenton,  la  barliastello 
line  noiivelk"  cspi  if  de  Tinutr. 
=' Fauna  Americana,  p.  23,  1S25. 
2712 No.  13 2 


in 


rm. 


18 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


FItzinger '  refers  to  a  '  Taphozous  hraehmanm  iiodmau '  among  the  syn- 
onyms of  hasiuruH  ^rujW  (:^-  horcalin).  This  name,  however,  1  liave  been 
unable  to  find  in  any  of  Godman's  writings. 

Vesperides  Coues,  1876  (in  Coues  and  Yarrow,  Zool.  of  Wlieeler's 
Exped.,  p.  83),  was  proposed  as  a  subgenus  of  Vespertilio  based  on  Vex- 
pertiliv  nocUvagans  Le  Conte.  The  name  is  antedated  by  Lasionycteris 
Peters,  1865. 

Vespertilio  Linna»u8,  1768  (8yst.  Nat.,  10th  ed.,  I,  p.  31),  contained 
seven  species:  rampi/rus,  spectrum,  perspiciUatns,  Hpamna,  kporimis, 
auritus,  and  murinus.  These  have  all  been  removed  to  other  genera,  as 
follows:  vampyrus  to  Ptcropm  in  1702  (Brisson,  Hegn.  Anini.,  ed.  II, 
pp.  13, 153),  leporintia  to  Noctilio  in  1700  (Linna>us,  Syst.  Nat.,  12th  ed., 
p.  88),  spasmn  to  Mcgaderma  in  1810  ((ieoflroy,  Ann.  Mus.  d'Hist.  Nat., 
XV,  p.  197),  auritui  to  Pleeotna  in  1818  (deoffroy,  Descript.  de  Pr5gyi)te, 
Mammiferes,  p.  112),  murinus'^  to  Eptem-ux  in  1820  (Kafinestpie,  Annals 
of  Nature,  1820,  p.  2),  pempiciUaUiH  to  Artibeus  in  1821  (Leach,  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  London,  XIII,  p.  75),  and  spectrum  to  Vampyrus  in  1821 
(Leaeh,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  XIll,  p.  79). 

The  only  European  species  are  auritus  and  murinus,  one  of  which 
irnist  therefore  become  the  type  of  the  genus.  The  species  auritus  was 
removed  to  the  genus  Plecotus  by  Geott'roy  in  18  8,  leaving  murinus  as 
type  of  the  genus  Vespertilio.  The  Vespertilio  murinus  of  Linnu'US  is, 
however,  a  totally  different  animal  from  tlie  bat  afterwards  described 
under  the  same  name  by  Schreber.  To  understand  tlio  case  fully  it  is 
necessary  to  go  back  to  the  first  and  second  editions  of  Linnieus's 
Fauna  Suecica.  In  the  first  he  records  only  one  bat,  the  'Liiderlapp,' 
'Fhidermns' or  'Nattblacka,'  Vespertilio  caudatus,  naso  oreque  simplici 
(No.  18,  p,  7, 1740).  In  the  second  edition  he  mentions  two,  V.  caudatus, 
naso  oreque  simplici,  auricidi  duplicatis,  cajnte  majoribus,  and  V.  cau- 
datus, naso  oreque  simplici,  auriculis  capite  minoribus  (No.  2,  pp.  1,  2, 
1701).  In  the  tenth  edition  of  the  Systema  Natura;  these  had  been 
given  binomial  names,  Vespertilio  auritus  and  r.wtjomw*,  respectively. 
The  account  of  the  teeth  of  the  latter  in  the  second  edition  of  Fauna 
Suecica  is  as  follows :  •' 

Deiites  i)riniores  supcriores  6,  acuti  distantes. 
inferiores  4,  acnti  contigui. 
Laninrii  superiores  2,  anterioio  inajore. 

inferiores  3,  antico  niaxiiuo. 
Molares  utrini|ue  3,  tricuspidati. 


'  Sitziingsber.  K.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  LXII,  Iste  Abth.,  p.  402,  1870. 

i^Althongli  Rafiiiesqno  did  not  actnally  place  the  species  murinus  in  the  genus 
Eptesicus  he  based  the  hitter  on  a  strictly  congeneric  form. 

»In  the  first  edition  the  dental  formula  is  the  same,  except  that  the  lower  incisoiH 
are  said  to  be  five  in  number,  an  error  corrected  in  the  second  edition. 


NOMKNCLATUUK. 


If) 


It  tlieretoro  appears  that  tho  VesperWio  tmirinnn  of  Iiiniia>us  is  u  bat 
with  ears  shurter  than  the  liead,  and  with  the  dental  toiiuuhi: 


>>    •>! 


h 


1-1 


pm, 


1-1 


in. 


;i-3 


32. 


3-3  '  ''l-l'^ 2-2'  '"'3-3 

The  unly  couiiuon  Scandinavian  bats  whiidi  combine  these  characters 
[aietlie  two  nsually  known  as  VeKperiufo  nilssoni  uml  Vi'sinruyo  dinmlor. 
jTo  these  strictly  congeneric  Enropean  species  and  their  exotic  repre- 
jHciitatives  the  generic  name  Vispertilio  mast  be  ai>plied,  regardless  of 
jits  long  inisnsc  for  a  different  genns. 

The  current  nusidentification  of  Linna'us's  Vcspertilio  mnrinus  has 
|l)een  recognize*!  by  at  least  three  writers  on  Kuroiiean  bats,  Nilsson, 
Jlasins,  and  Lill.jeborg.  Nilsson^  discusses  the  matter  at  considerable 
^ength  and  arrives  at  the  conclusion  that  the  name  miirinuH  must  be 
substituted  for  (UncoIo);  while  the  bat  commonly  known  as  murinuH 
nuist  take  the  specitic  name  myotia  Bechstcin.  As  this  author  unites 
the  genera '  Vespfruffo '  and '  Vexpertilio,^  he  has  nothing  to  say  in  regard 
to  the  validity  of  the  generic  names  used  by  Keyserlingaud  lilasius. 

lUasius'  regarded  Nilssou's  identitication  of  VcHpcrtllio  ini(riHu.s  -as 
jdoubtful,  though  he  admitted  that  the  aninnil  described  by  Linna^is 
under  that  name  c(mld  not  have  been  the  one  generally  called  Vcupcr- 
alio  murinun  by  Kuiopean  authors  at  large,  lie  therefore  reasoned 
that  iiinna'us's-namc  might  be  disregarded  as  undeterminable  and  iu 
^lo  way  invalidating  Schreber's  later  application. 

Lilljeborg  ah)ne  iiuestioned  the  tenability  of  the  generic  name  Vesper- 
filio  for  the  thirty  eight  toothed  bats  of  Europe.^     lie  says: 

As  reganls  modifying  tlie  Liuuiruu  j^oueric  iiaiiio  rexiiertiUo,  it  may  bo 
ir;j;cd  that  Fjinnii-us  did  not  include  iu  it  any  of  tlicspeiies*  lelcrrixl  to  it  by  Keyser- 
lin<r  and  lilasiiiH.  FurtluM',  it  would  have  boeii  more  corruct  to  apply  the  name 
f'eapcrtUio  to  tlie  prci'odiu}^  genus  ['  I'fspcnigo'],  since  one  of  the  species  included  in 
blu'  genns  by  Linn:i'UH  (  f't'sjurtilio  miiriniis)  agrees,  in  all  important  characters  at 
least,  witli  thtt  genus  menticuicd,  as  shown  above.  As,  however,  tlie  ]uodilicatiou  of 
pe  uauK^  introduced  by  Keyserling  and  Itlasins  has  licconio  time-sanctioned,  it  will 
1)6  retained,  although  we  consider  tlie  ol)jections  against  it  reasonable.'' 

Vesperugo  Iveyserling  and  IJlasius,  1839  ( VViegmann's  Archiv  f.  iS'atur- 
tesch.,  oter  Jahi'gang,  Bd.  1,  j).  312),  was  proposed  as  a  genus  to  contain 
Ihe  following  species  ui>  to  that  time  commonly  associated  with  Vvsiier- 


'In  liinua-us's  statement  the  figures  I  and  6  are  evidently  tran8i)osed. 

-Skandinavisk  Fauna,  I,  Piiggdjuren,  2ded.,  1817,  pp.  17-20. 

'Naturgesch.  d.  Siiugethiere  Deutschlauds,  pp.  71,  K4,  1857. 

^Sverigesoch  Norges  Uyggradsdjur,  I,  Diiggdjuren,  p.  141,  footnote,  1874. 

"  *  I  afsecnde  pa  tilliimpningeu  hiir  af  det  Liuneanska  genus-uamnet 
YeapertUio,  kan  dereniot  iuviindas,  att  Liuu6  icke  uti  detta  genus  upptagiteueudaaf 
le  arter,  soiu  Kcyserling  &  lilasius  dorunder  beskrifvit,  och  att  det  hade  varit 
littare,  att  anviinda  detta  namn  fJir  t7)regaende  sliigte  [' f'c»pei'ifjo'],  emedau  on 
If  de  af  J^inuo  uti  si.  VespertUio  iipptagna  arterna — VegpertUio  murinns  Lin. — 
Itmiustoue  till  hnfvudsaklig  del,  euligt  hvad  ofvau  blifvit  anfiirdt  tillhiir  niimde 
^iigte.  Da  cniellertid  dcu  af  Keyserling  &  Ulasius  infiu-da  tilliimpningeu  af 
lumet  vuuuit  hiifd,  vilja  vi  bibehatla  den,  ehuru  vi  ause  inviiuduiageu  vara  befogad. 


r 


20 


NORTH    AMKKICAN    FAUNA, 


li 


!!fi 


tilio:  HerotinUH^dtMvolor,  nilfmotti^Hurii,  l«;n<Hinte,nrintipi>€,  uoctula,  leialerij 
kulilii,  (ilholimbatHH,  mUhmii,  iuid  pipiHtreUuH.  The  tirst  six  were  |>lace<l 
in  tlie  new  .subgcnuH  Vesperm,  tlie  otiicrs  in  the  Hnbi^enuH  Vtupcrvfpt. 
Hence  the  type  uuiRt  be  a  member  of  tlie  second  {ftonp.  This  group, 
however,  contains  two  modern  genera,  tlie  first  represented  by  the  spe 
cies  noctuin  and  leislcri,  the  second  by  Icuhlii,  htlbolitnhatuH^  (  kultlii, 
Jide  I)<>bs(m),  ^nathiiHiV  (  ahraimm,  fide  l)ol»son),  and  pipiHtfeUux. 
Tlieselnid  already  been  named  Vtvryyixtex  and  Pipintrellus,  respectively, 
by  Kaup  in  I.S2!>.     Hence  VeHperw/o  is  nnteimbh;  in  any  connection. 

Vesperus  Keyserling  and  Blasius,  1839  (VV'legmann's  Arcliiv  f.  Natnr- 
gesch.,  5ter  Jaiirgang,  Bd.  I,  p.  3l.'{),  proposed  as  a  subgenus  of'  Ves- 
pvruffo^Ui  in<;hide  tli9  species  Herotiniis,  dm'ohir,  nilnHoni,  saini,  leuvippv^ 
and  (triHtippe,  is  antedated  by  CncphaiiH  Kaup,  1829,  KpicHitmH  liatines- 
(pie,  1820,  and  Venpertilio  Linna'us,  1708.  It  is  moreover  preoccupied  in 
Kntomology  by  VvapvrtiH  Latreille,  1829. 

2.  Specific  aud  Subspecific  Names. 

Afflnis  (Vespertilio).  II.  Allen,  Monogr.  liats  N.  Am.,  ]>.  53,  1864. 
The  type  of  Dr.  Harrison  Allen's  VvHprrtUlo  apiiiis,  now  in  the  United 
States  National  Museum,  proves  to  be  a  typical  example  of  Mifotin 
lmifH<jm.  It  is  therefore  in  no  way  related  to  tiie  VespirtUio  nitidun 
or  V.  albeHcenn  of  Dr.  Allen's  s»!cond  nn)n<»grapli. 

Albescens  (Vespertilio).  E.  (Jeoffroy,  Ann.  Mus.  dMiist.  Nat.,  Paris, 
VIII,  p.  204, 1806.  This  is  a  South  Amerii;an  species  of  il///o^/.s',  jiroba 
bly  closely  related  to  M.vtii/cr  (J.  A.  Allen).  The  measurements  given 
by  A/.ara  and  (juoted  in  the  original  description  are:  Total  length,  80 
mm.;  tail,  33;  extent  «>f  wings,  23");  ear,  14.  The  name  alhescvm  has 
been  used  by  Dr.  Harristui  Allen  for  Myoth  t/Kinanensis,  M.  erotis,  M. 
vuii/ornicus  {^Vespertilio  alljcsrenti  mcluHorhinuN''),  M.  rrlifer,  jM.  thym- 
nodes  [xwuXqv  M.  rr/i/(fr),and  M.  lueij'mjus  C  Vespertilio  albescens  aljinis''), 
which  he  unites  as  subspecties. 

AU)ig^laris  (Vesperus).  Peters,  Monatsber.  K.  L'reuss.  Akad.  Wiss., 
Berlin,  p.  260,  1872.  Vespertilio  nlhigularis  (Peters)  is  the  tyi»e  of  the 
subgenus  MarsipoUemns.  The  (characters  given  in  the  original  descrip- 
tion indicate  a  well  marked  species,  with  which,  however,  I  am  wholly 
unacquainted.    The  type  was  (tollccted  in  AIexi(;o. 

AUeni  (Bhogeessa).  Thomas,  Ann.  <.^  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  0th  ser.,  X, 
p.  477,  1892.    This  is  the  only  name  tor  this  si»ecies. 

Americana  (Atalapha).  Uatines(iue,  Precis  des  Decouv.  Somiologi(|ues, 
]>.  12,  1814.  This  is  a  synonym  of  /ya-v/Mrw/*  />o»ea/«*' (Miiller),  though 
properly  speaking  the  name  is  a  nomen  nudum  (see  p.  10(5). 

Arquatus  (Vespertilio).    Say,  Long's  Expedition  to  the  Bocky  Moun 
tains,  I,  p.  167,  footnote,  1823.     The  description  clearly  indicates  Ves- 
pertilio /metis  Beauvois. 

Andnboni  (Vespertilio).  Harlan,  Featherstonehangh's  Monthly  Ameri- 
can Journal  of  Geology  and  Natural  History,  I,  p.  22(),  PI.  II,  November, 
1831.    Both  description  aud  x>late  indicate  the  silver-haired  bat. 


i  ;!i 


NOMKNCLATIIRK. 


21 


Anstroriparias  (Veipertilio  laoiftigniB).  lihoiuls,  I'roc.  Acnd.  Nat.  Svi. 
riiilii.,  p.  227,  May,  1897.  VcHprrtilio  UiciJ'ugnH  auHlroripariuH  iMioadH 
i8  SI  synonym  of  Myniitt  htcifuijuH  (Le  ('onto).  The  type,  a  two-tliirds 
grown  young  from  Tarpon  Spiiiifis,  Florida,  shows  iinnicrous  cliaracters 
l)y  which  it  may  be  disfingnislied  from  njutht'in  adults,  but  the  lull 
;;rown  1oj»otypo8  are,  as  originally  determined  by  Dr.  Harrison  Allen 
(see  iMioads,  I.e.),  indistinguishable  from  northern  specimens  of /ifrt/Vf- 
{/iis  that  have  been  immersed  in  alcohol  lor  a  similar  period.  Even  if  it 
weie  assumed  that  the  Tarpon  Springs  bat  ditt'ercd  in  some  way  not 
now  (lis<'«»verable  from  the  '  hwi/uf/UH  of  North  Carolina  and  northward,' 
there  couhl  be  little  doubt  that  the  southern  form  was  the  one  originally 
described  by  Le  Conte.     (See  page  03). 

Bellii  (Scotophilus).  (iray,  List  Spec.  IVlamm.  lirit.  Mus.,  ]i.  30,  1843. 
ticotophiluH  hellii  (Iray  is  a  noinen  nudum  i)robably  based  on  one  of  the 
West  Indian  forms  of  VeHitertUio  J'ltHvm.  (Iray's  account  is  as  follows: 
"Hkll's  Bat.  Sootopiiilits  Bellii.  (/Inspirits.  West  Indies. — Pre- 
sented by  Thonms  P.ell,  Esq.,  F.  li.  S." 

Borealis  (Vespertilio).  Miiller,  Natursyst.  Suppl.,  p.  21, 1776.  Miiller's 
VespcrtiUi)  horeoUx  is  the  tirst  name  based  on  the  red  bat,  Lminnoi 
horealis. 

Brevirostrifl  (Vespertilio).  IMaximilian,  Wiegmann's  Andiiv.  f.  Natur- 
geschichte,  1.S<»1,  Bd.  I,  p.  ll>r»,  Vrxpcrtilio  Inrvirostris  of  Maximilian  is 
probably  Myofis  iHci/uffm  (Le  Conte).  The  original  nu'asurements 
are:  Total  length,  3";  extent,  0"  4'";  ear  from  crown,  a.V";  tragus,  l\"'. 

Calcaratus  (Vespertilio).  Kalinestiue,  Anu'rit'an  Monthly  Magazine, 
111,  p.  44ii,  1818.  Ko  known  bat  agrees  with  the  description  of  llafi- 
nes«|ue's  Vespertilio  caicaratus,  which  is  as  follows:  "Tail  one-third, 
Ixxly  dark  brown  above,  dark  fallow  beneath,  wings  black,  shafts  rose- 
coloured,  a  si>ur  at  the  inner  side  of  the  elbow,  hind  feet  black.  Length 
4  in<!hes,  breadth  12." 

Califomicus  (Vespertilio).  And.  iJt  Bathm.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila,,  VIII,  Pt.  II,  ]>.  285,  1842.  This  is  the  earliest  name  based  on 
the  small  western  bat  commonly  known  as  Vespertilio  nitidus  II.  Allen. 
The  «>riginal  description  is  as  follows  : ' 

/'.  rali/orniriia  (('.iliforiiiiin  liat). — V.  I'lisco  liitcscciiH,  vi'lloro  l(tiij;oet  iiiolli;  tr.ijjo 
loiijritiKlino  (liiiiidiiini  aiiris  <-xcc<lciit*^ 

('(iliforiiian  hat. — Witli  long  silky  hairs;  Irajjus  iii«»ro  than  lialf  the  haijjtb  «»f  the 
car;  color  lijjlit  yellowish  brown. 

hefimptioti. — Anterior  npper  fore  tooth  hilohato.  Head  small;  nose  nharp;  ears 
iif  nuxhrale  nhv,  erect,  rather  narrow,  and  pointed.  Traijnx  linvar,  atleniiaiid.  Winjjs 
111  niodorato  length,  which  together  with  the  ears  arc  naked,  fiiterf amoral  iinmhntue 
with  (I  feiv  scallereil  liaim;  feet  nmuJI;  nails  slightly  hooked.  Tail  projecting  a  little 
lieyond  the  interfenior.al  membrane. 

Color. — The  jielage,  which  in  uniisualhi  Ion;/ for  the  nise  of  thebody,  and  very  soft  and 
fjlossy,  is,  on  the  upper  Burfaeu,  dark  plumbeou*  from  the  base,  and  broadly  I'ipt  with 


■  I  have  italicized  statements  spiM-ially  applicable  to  ' )'.  nilidHH.' 


\« 


92 


NORTH    AMKRfOAN    FAUNA. 


i 


I!  i  ^ 


hi  I 


Ujlht  nellnufUk  hrown;  on  tlio  nixltir  Hiirfiirit  tlio  luilor  in  ii  llttlo  diirknr,  owiiiK  to  th« 

outer  extreiiiitiuH  of  tlitt  liitirH  liciiig  inori!  nnrrowly  txl^cil  witli  tliH  |>r<-vtiiliii)j  color 

on  tho  back,  exbihitiiiK  tliu  tinrkvr  uliadcs  lioiimtli.     Tlio  eiirH  iiiiil  tragim  aru  Itluck- 

iih — the  none,  chin,  win^H.  anil  interfuuioral  ineinbraiie  dark  brown. 

Hab. — We  have  obtained  bnt  a  sinKln  Hpecimcn,  which  wuh  captured  at  California. 

2-2  1-1 

Dentition. — InciHora  ^  .    Canines  .,. 

IHmenniont. — Length  of  hoiul  and  body,  1  inch  7  linen  [40  mm.] ;  len;;th  of  tail,  1 
inch  5  lincH  [:<.5.8] ;  length  of  Hjiread,  7  inclicn  (i  lineH  [VM\ ;  height  of  car  )Hmturiorly, 
3  linen  [0.35] ;  heiKlit  of  tragtiH,  2  linen  [3.8 1. 

The  only  otlier  .small  bats  known  to  occur  in  California  are  I'ipiHfrelhm 
hesperuH,  Mi/ofiti  tltymtiodeH,  M.  ffttmuncuHiH,  M.  vrotis,  and  M.  luci/iifiiiH 
loiujicrtiH.  That  Veftpertilio  cali/oriiicUH  can  not  be  Pipintrelltis  heupcntH 
h  8hown  by  the  ilescription  of  the  tragus.  l"'roin  Myoiis  thyHanoiles  it  is 
separated  by  its  small  size  and  un fringed  interfemoral  membrane;  from 
M.yumanemis  by  its  small  feet;  from  .1/.  evotts  by  its  short  ears,  and 
from  M.  iHcifuijuH  longiorm  by  its  light  coh)r  and  small  size.  Myntu 
thymnotJes  and  M.  Inei/ugu8  lonf/ivrnH  are  moreover  comparatively'  rare 
bats  in  California,  while '  Vcspertilio  nitidm^  is  one  of  the  most  common 
and  universally  distributed  species. 

Carolii  (Vespertilio).  Temminck,  ]Nronogra]diies  de  Mammal.,  II,  p. 
237  (I3me  Monogr.),  1835-41.  The  Vcttpcrlilh  mrolii  of  Temmin<',k  is 
without  doubt  Myntis  liui/iufux  ( Le  Contc).  That  it  is  a  Myoiix  is  shown 
by  the  number  of  titeth,  siv  molars  in  each  Jaw,  while  that  it  is  not  M. 
anhulaius,  the  only  other  species  known  to  occur  in  the  vicinity  of  Phil 
adelphia  or  New  York,  is  shown  by  the  short  ear,  1 1..5  mm.  in  'cngth.' 

Carolinensis  (Vespertilio).  (jreoffro,\ ,  Ann.  du  Mus.  d'llist.  it.,  Paris, 
VIII,  p.  193,  1806.^ 

This  species  is  Vesperfilio  fuacux  IJeauvois.    Dr.  Harrison  Allen  in 

'The  esneiitial  part  of  tho  ori<rinal  ilcHcription  in  an  iollown: 

"Taille  et  forniun  de  notrc  pipiMtrelic,  niaiN  les  oreilion  plnn  lonj^ncn.  *  *  * 
oreillea  in<^diocren,  uvu'ides,  lui  pen  (li'coupceH  h  Iciir  bord  t-stcriciir,  sans  lobe  on 
prolongenient  cu  iivant;  tra^tiN  en  fenille  dc  sanlc  "  "  '.  I>ents  inciuivcs  I  ])ar 
pairt*  en  haut  et  6  en  has;  nioluires  0  partout;  Ics  donx  prcnli^rcs  faunnen  niolaircs 
do  la  ni:lchoirc  supcrioiiro  trcs  potilon,  coiirtcH  et  ]iointiieH. 

"Pelage  bicolorc  partont.  .lours,  cotes  dii  con  ct  toiitcs  les  particn  siipi'trieurcs 
d'nn  brnn-rounsatrc  a  bane  des  ])oils  noirs;  en  (lessons  d'un  bluiio  jauniltre  a  la  pointc 
et  brun-foncc  a  la  base     »     *     *. 

"Longueur  tutale  3  ponces  5  lignes,  dont  la  qiione  prend  1  pouco  I  lignes;  envcr 
gnreS  poucos  n  ligncs;  antibrai^liiiun  1  ponce  4  lignes;  hauteur  de  I'ureillo  depuis  Ic 
cnluo  ,ju8<iu'au  bout  5  lignes;     *     "     *. 

"Patrie,    L'Ain^riiiuo  sejitentrionale,  <lann  les  environs  de  I'hiladelphie  et  do  New 
York." 

'^The  original  description  is  ns  tVdlows: 

"2.  J'enplertilio}  <<irolinenHi».  Le  vespertilion  do  la  Caroliui'  est  moins  grand  i\m 
le pr(^c£dent  ['  r.  miiriuus'],  nuvis  d'aillenrs  il  lui  ressouible  beaucoiip.  II  a  ses orcilles 
et  oreillousde  nif-me  forme  et  de  nicnic  dimension  relative;  son  poll  est  aussidcdenx 
couleura,  cendr<5-noiriUre  d'abord  et  brun-niarron  a  la  pointe.  L'extremit<5  des  poils 
est  en  desaous  d'un  janue  tirant  sur  1(>  ventre ;  entin  les  oreiHcs  sont  garnies  de  poils 
dnna  presque  la  nioiti<^  de  leur  longueur,  it  In  ipiciui  a  une  petite  portion  qui  n'cst 
pas  earelopp^e  par  la  inembrauu  iuteifoiuoralu.    Cea  cousidoratioua  rduaiea  ii  celles 


NOMKNCLATUBE. 


23 


viiiK  to  tho 
i  uru  Itluck- 
Cnlitbniia. 


til  of  tail,  1 
|i<iHtitriorly, 

'ipinfreUuH 

.  hicij'iiffni 
IS  lifspcnin 
imxk'H  it  is 


uiu^ 


from 

ears,  aiul 

e.    Myotix 

tively  rare 

%i  coiuinon 

nal.,  II,  !>• 
iniuiiu'.k  is 
/« is  shown 
t  is  not  M. 
ity  of  Phil 
UMif^th.' 
It.,  Palis, 

n  Allen  in 


»    *    » 


008, 

siiiis  lob(i  nil 

iHOH  iiiolikiruH 

■»  snjK^iieiirrs 
re  !i  III  pointr 

i^riies;  eiu'or- 
lillo  (leiiiiis  h' 

lie  ot  do  New 


118  jj;raii«l  <)n< 
1 A  sesoreilles 
iiiissi  ilo  deux 
uitd  de8  polls 
brnles  de  polls 
tion  qui  u'cst 
uniea  ik  cellerf 


liiH  recent  monograph  has  applied  tlie  unnie  mrolinen«iii  to  the  (Heorgiaii 
bat  {l'ipi»tnllHs  Hubftarun),  but  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  Geof- 
froy's  animal  was  thu  large  browu  bat.  The  head  and  skull  are  both 
figured,  the  former  on  PI.  I,  the  latter  on  PI.  II.  These  are  only  a  tritle 
smaller  than  the  head  and  skull  of  VinpertUh  fterotinuH  figured  on  the 
same  plates,  aud  very  much  larger  than  the  figures  of  the  head  and 
skull  of  PipuireUuH  pipiHirellm,  a  species  of  about  the  same  si/e  as  I'. 
siihjhirut.  The  teeth  are  very  indistinctly  shown  in  the  tigure,  but  in 
the  two  copies  which  I  have  examined'  I  can  tind  no  indication  of  the 
second  upper  premolar  of  I'iputreUua. 

Chryionotns  (Veapertilio).  J.  A.  Allen,  Hull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
N.  Y.,  VIII,  p.  240,  November  21,  1896.  VeHpertUio  chryHonotm  J.  A. 
Allen,  from  Kinney  Uanch,  Wyoming,  is  a  pale  example  of  MyotU 
evotin  (II.  Allen),  with  mutilated  tail.    (See  p.  80.) 

Ciliolabnun  (Veapertilio).  Merriani,  Proc.  Hiol.  Soc.  Washington,  IV, 
p.  1, 1886.  Vespertilio  ciliolabnun^  Merriam,  is  the  only  name  based  on 
the  iiallid  race  of  Myoth  californicua  inhabiting  the  plains  of  South 
Dakota,  Kansas,  and  Texas.    The  type  was  taken  at  Manner,  Kansas. 

Cinereas  (Vespertilio).  P>eauvois,  Catalogue  K'aisonue  du  Museum  de 
Mr.  C.  W.  Peale.  Philadelphie,  p.  18,  1796.  VeHpertilio  cinerem 
Ueauvois  (originally  misspelled  linereus)  is  the  first  name  based  on  the 
hoary  bat,  l^asiuruH  cinereiiH.  The  description  is  so  detailed  and  accu- 
rate as  to  leave  no  doubt  as  to  the  animal  that  Heauvois  had  in  nnnd.' 
The  typo  came  from  Pennsylvania,  somewhere  near  Philadelphia,  where 
the  species  undoubtedly  occurs  during  migrations. 

Grassus  (Vespertilio).  F.  Cuvier,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  d'  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris, 
I,  p.  18,  1832.    I  can   aot  identify  F.  Cuvier's  Vvxpertilio  erasHUM.    The 


tiroes  de  la  truito  dirtV-ri'iito  dii  pelaxo,  ni'ont  i>arii  ('tablir  avcc  uaae/.  do  ceititiido  la 
non-ldoiititi'  d't'spi-ci-  de  co  vcspertllloii  avoc  le  muriniiH ;  u'ent  re  qirindl<|iioiit  en 
outre  lo8  proportioitsdn  crAiie.  I-o  chaiifieiii  oHt  jdiis  court  et  plus  larj^e  dans  li-  vcs- 
ptTtillon  d<'  la  Caroline  Kii  void  les  diinciiHinuM:  longueur  du  corpB,  01  luillimitreH; 
lie  la  <iueuo,  28;  de  I'enx  I'lguro,  liSi). 

"Cette  espi'ce  n'a  point  i-ucoro  I't*-  dccrite:  ello  lu'a  ^t^  renii8e  par  M.  Bosc,  qui  He 
IVst  procuri^o  lors  de  son  si^Joiir  a  la  Caroline.  Co  Havant  natuialiste  a  liieu  voiilii 
in'intuinier  (|u'ello  y  est  oxcoHsivoiiiont  coiiiiiiune.  On  la  reconiuiitra  aiix  <'arart<-roH 
aiiivans:  <)rciUen  obloiiniivs,  de  la  longueur  (If  la  trie,  relitfH  en  par  lie;  oreillon  in  ilemi 
ciiiir.     I'vlage  d'un  hnni  marron  en  dinniis,  Jaiinuire  in  diiKOim," 

'In  tile  Harvard  CoUogo  library,  Cambridge,  MasH.,  and  in  tlie  SniitliHoiiian  library, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

•17.  Cbaiive-Hoiiris  grise.  Deux  proinirri's  dentH  siipfTieiires  fort  petitos  &  pen 
apparcntea.  'IV'tebhunhatro;  oreiile.s  rondos,  platea,  blaiiche.s,  lo  poiirtoiir  iioir,  line 
a)i])(>iidi(-o  a  la  base.  I'oils  du  corps  gris,  vers  la  baso;  noirs  vers  la  puintr  Jic  blanks 
a  I'extivmitd;  do  sorte  que  I'aninial  a  I'air  dV-tre  luouclieto  de  blanc.  Cos  poils 
sVtendt'ut  juaqiie  aur  la  inoinbrAno  qui  envoloppe  la  queue.  La  moiiibrilne  ailifuriiie 
est  (^galcnient  veliio  en  dessons  a  la  partie  antorieure,  ainai  qu'au  desaua  a  la  base  de 
I'ongle  saillant.  Cetto  menibrAno  est  (environ  uue  fuis  plus  graude  que  dana  I'espi-co 
pri'ci'dento  [reiperlilio  fuacua^.  Elle  a  de  douze  a  qiiatorxe  poudes  d'euvergeure. 
Lea  nariues  sont  einarginoea. 

(irey  Bat.     respertilio  linereua  [aio]. 

Elle  ne  se  trouve  point  ddcrite  dana  lea  anteura.  Cette  ckauve-Souria  so  trouve 
dana  la  Penailvanie. 


lf?Tr 


24 


NORTH   AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


animal  may  be  NifctieehiH  humnnlis,  but  there  \a  iiottiin^  in  the  original 
description'  to  indicate  this  with  certiunty.  Fortunately  the  name  is 
not  needed  as  all  the  si>ccies  now  known  to  inhabit  the  eastern  United 
States  were  already  named  at  the  time  when  it  was  published. 

Creeks  (Vespertilio).  F.  Cuvier,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  Pari-, 
I,  p.  18,  1832.  VcspertUio  creekn  F.  Cuvier  is  anotlier  unidentitiabh* 
species.  Le  Conte,  however,  who  sent  the  type  specimen  to  Cuvier, 
states  that  tlie  animal  is  tiie  same  as  Njicticea  crepuscuhiris  Le  Cont«' 
{N.  hiimerolin  Hatinesque).  Nothing  in  tlie original  description-  con- 
tradicts this  a.ssertion. 

Crepnscnlarib  (Nycticea).  Le  Conte,  Mr'Murtrie's  Cuvier,  Animal 
Kingdom,  I,  j).  431, 1831.  This  bat  is  the  NifcticeiuH  hvnicralis  of  Katin- 
es(|ue. 

Cabanns  (Vesperus).  Gundlaeh,  Monatsber.  K.  Prenss.  Akad.  Wiss., 
Berlin,  j).  l.'iO,  1861.  The  description  of  this  species  indicates  a 
Nyctireius  ch>8ely  related  to  N.  hnmeralis.  As  I  liave  seen  no  Cuban 
specimens,  I  am  unable  to  say  whether  the  animal  is  specifically  distinct 
from  the  mainland  form  (see  p.  121). 

Cubensis  (ScotophiloB).  Gray,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  IV,  p.  7,  1839.  Scoto 
phihis  rnhensit<  Gray  is  evidently  the  Cuban  Wspcrtilw.  The  original 
description  is  as  tbllows: 

Fni- blaokiffli  brown  (in  Bpirits);  win<;8  dark,  blackish;  nndcrsido  of  the  intor- 
fenioral  ni(>nibrane  whitish,  witli  8<'att<MC<l  hairs;  fo<>t  lar^ro;  bi'el  bono  sliort.  tajter- 
in^;  cars  moderate,  outire;  tragus ovato-laucuolato.  Jjody  and  liead2.f;  tail  V\;  fori' 
arm  1}.     I  lab.  Cnba. 

This  is  the  first  name  based  on  the  animal  to  which  it  refers. 

Cyanopterus  (Vespertilio).  Kalinestiue,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  Hi, 
p.  445, 1818.  Uatinescjue's  Vettpertilio  rt/aiioptcrns  can  not  be  identified 
with  any  known  bat.    The  original  description  is  as  follows: 

Tail  one-third,  2  incisores  above,  <»  beneath,  body  dark  gray  above,  bluish  gray 
benciath.  wings  of  a  dark  bluish  gray,  shafts  blatk,  ears  anriculated,  lonijor  than 
the  head.    Length  3  inchi  s,  breadth  10. 

'A  la  t<*te  des  MurinoTdes,  deux  fausses  niolaircs  aiioniah'S  do  ehaquo  vMo  dcs  deux 
nnlchoircs;  I'oreille  obtuse  cl  I'orcillon  on  couteau. 

Toules  h!s  |iarti)>s  supi^rieurcs  dn  corps  sont  d'lin  brun-inarron  grisAtrc,  ot  los  par 
ties  in f(^rieures  blondes;  Ics  polls,  aleuroriginc,  sont  plus  fonct''S(|ii'i'i  Icur  cxtr.'initi''. 

Des  moustaches  garnisscut  Us  cotes  do  la  lovro  supdrieurc  et  Textromitt^  de  la 
mAchoire  infcrit-nre. 

Longueur  du  corps,  du  bout  dn  mnsoau  lY  I'originc  do  la  queue,  2  pouoes;  de  la 
queue,  1  p(»uce  8  ligncs;  envergure,  H  ponces  S  ligncs. 

Cette  esp.'ce  oat  due  a  M.  Lesueiir,  (pii  I'a  cnvoyeo  de  New-York,  sons  le  noni  (|ne 
je  Ini  ai  eouservd. 

•5    Le  V.  Creeks,  T.  Crerls. 

A  la  t^'to  dn  SerotinoTdes,  point  do  fansscs  molairos  anom.alcB  a  la  machoirc  supi'- 
rieure,  ct  line  seule  al'inferieuro;  roriolloestechancn'c,  et  I'oreillon  en  eoutcau;  les 
parties  8Up<^rieurcsHontd'un  briui  j an iiatre,  les  parties  inlerieurcsd'un  gris  sale,  b's 
polls  detoutcsecs  jtartiessont  iioirs  i\  leur  base.  Dos  moustaches  garnissent  lescMtes 
dn  mnseau  et  ledessousde  Tcxtremite  de  la  inaehorie  infericure. 

I^ongner  du  corps,  du  bout,  dn  mnseau  a  rorigine  do  la  queue,  2  ponces;  de  la 
queue,  1  pence  6  lignes;  envergure,  !( jiouces. 

De  C<<5orgic'.     Uil  anx  rechorches  de  M.  le  ujajor  Leconte. 


liH 

Itl 

men 

(iKf 

tra;, 

:. 

fi'MI 

sent 

liau 

sn]ti 

Vi 

part 

an  (; 

fJK 

<l.-  1 

bou 

'i 

l,< 

■T 

prei 

on  S 

I'l 

NOMENCr.ATUUE. 


25 


klie  original 
he  name  is 
tern  United 
ed. 

Nat.,  Paris 
identifiable 
to  Cuvier, 
is  Le  Coiit*' 
iption-  coll- 
ier, Animal 
lis  of  Hattn- 

kad.  Wiss., 
indicates  a 
n  no  Cuban 
ally  distinct 

839.  Scoto 
Hie  original 

of    the    inter 
o  slioit,  tai)ei- 
i;  t-.uWi;  for.' 

fers. 

r  Mag.,  Ill, 

)G  identiiiod 

s : 

o,  bliiisli  gray 
i1,  loinjer  tliiiii 

» cftto  des  deux 

trc,  <>t  los  |>ar 
IcniM^xtiv'iuiti''. 
xtroiiiito  de  la 

ponces;  de  la 

ms  to  noin  (|nc 


niAclutiro  snpi'- 
•n  tonteau;  U's 
ill  gris  .sale,  It's 
lisHont  It'scotos 

!  pouceH ;  de  la 


i 


Cynooephalos  (Hyctioea).  Le  Conte,  McMnrtrio'.s  Ciivier,  Animal 
Kingdom,  I,  p.  432,  1831.  This  is  a  free-tailed  bat,  the  common  Xyc- 
tinomus  of  the  southeastern  United  States. 

Domesticus  (V'»3pertilio).  Green,  Donghty's  Cabinet  of  Natural  His- 
tory, II,  p.  290,  1832.  The  descripJon  refers  without  mu('h  doubt  to 
Myotis  Itici/iufus  Le  Conte,  named  only  one  year  previously.  Type 
locality  a  village  iv  western  Pennsylvania  near  a  stream  which  enters 
the  Ohio  a  few  miles  from  Pittsbnrg. 

Dut^rtreus  (Vespertilio).  Gervais,  in  Ramon  de  la  Sagra's  Hist,  de  I'lle 
de  Cuba,  Maniin.,  ]>.  0;  Atlas,  Tome  II,  1840.  This  is  Vespertilio  fus- 
ts cuhcmis  (Gray),  as  shown  by  the  number  of  teeth,  32,  a»jd  by  the 
size,  forearm  47  inin. 

Erythrodactylus  (Vespertilio).  Teinminck,  Monographies  de  Mamm., 
II,  p.  2.'i8  (13mc  Monogr.),  1835-41.  Teinminck  describes  his  Vesper- 
tilio erythrodactylus  as  a  bat  with  short,  roundish  ears,  long  tail,  inter- 
Icmoral  membrane  hairy  on  basal  half  above,  four  upper  incisors,  and 
general  reddish-brown  color.' 

Tin's  is  a  combination  of  characters  normally  possessed  by  no  known 
North  American  bat.  The  type  is  said  to  have  cojjie  frum  the  neiglibor- 
liood  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  probably  ripistrctlus  subjlarus  reddened 
by  alcohol  (see  p.  8). 

Evotis  (Vespertilio).  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  North  Am.  Bats,  p.  48,  1864. 
This  is  the  tirst  name  for  the  large  eared  Myotis  of  the  western  United 
States. 

Exilis  (Vespertilio).  II.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ]>.  283, 
1866.  Vespertilio  exilis  is  a  synonym  of  Myotis  cnli/ornicus.  The  tyjie 
came  from  Ca])e  St.  Lucas. 

Frantzii  (Atalapha).  Peters,  Slonatsber.  K.  l''reuss.  Akad.  Wiss., 
Berlin  (1870),  p.  008,  1871.  Peters's  Attdaplia  franizii  from  Costa 
liica  is  the  small,  scantily  furred  southern  race  of  Lasiurus  horealis. 
It  had  previously  been  described  as  Atalapha  mexieana  by  Saustiure. 

'Taille  inoindro  t\\\o  la  piphlrelle.  Tout  rantibiacliluin,  la  base  des  doigts  ft  la 
nit'nihrane  inti'rdi^itale  dn  ]pienuer  doigt  roufjeatre;  Ics  antrcs  inoniUraneH  iioireM. 
Oreilles  ]>oilMCH  depnis  la  has")  Jnsxiu'a  plus  de  inoitii'  de  la  l<in<>'n<'nr,  petites  ovoTdes; 
tragii-  en  renille  de  sanle;  <i«ene  tris  longiie  a  jjiand  Itont  lilire;  nienibraue  inter- 
fi'iMorab'  en  dessns  uioitii'^  poiliie;  par  dcssons,  rayre  de  v<?ini'H  en  losange,  d'oii  nais- 
(sent  des  soies  tri's  conrteH  disposoes  a  claire-voie.  l)ents  iui'iNJveH  ■!  par  paire  en 
liant  et  <>  en  lias;  niolairea  5  ])»rt(>ijt,  Rcnlonient  uue  fansse  niolaire  a  la  niadioire 
supt'iienre. 

I'elage  long,  fin  et  soyenx;  en  dessns  trieolore,  an  dessons  bicoloro.  'Pontes  les 
]>aiticH  snperienies  tl'nne  teintt>  brnne-rongeiltrt!;  niais  iin  pen  janniUre  a  la  ti'te  et 
an  con;  les  polls  <''tant  noirs  a  la  liase,  jniis  Jaunatreet  le  bout  brnn-ionji;eatre;  nioitifi 
de  I'interft'niorale  tres  pnilne;  en  dcssons  brnn  fonce  il  la  base  i-t,  brnn-ronasatre  an 
bont;  membranes  des  llancs  et  inter fiMnorale  eonviTtes  de  poils  rares. 

Longueur  totale  2  ponces  10  lignes  on  3  ponces  ponr  niaxiniuni,  dont  la  ijiiequo 
l)rend  1  ]>ouce  4  lignes;  antibratdiinm  1  ponce  1' lignes;  euvergnrc  7  ponces  (> lignes 
on  S  ponces  an  max iinnni.     *     *     ' 

I'alriv.    L'Amt^riiiue  septentrionale  dans  les  environs  «le  Fliiladelpliie. 


Ifm 


20 


NORTH    AMEKK'AN    FAUNA. 


Funebris  (Lanonu).  FitzingtT,  Sit/uiifjsber.  K.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Wien, 
Iste  Abth..  LXII,  p.  4(i,  1870.  iMsiunm  /unebriH  Fitzinger,  basal  on 
the  yy<-ti(TJiis  norehoracensis  ot"  Tennniuck,'  from  Tennes.see  and  Mis- 
souri, is  a  synonym  of  Lamtrus  borealis  (Miiller),  as  shown  by  the 
reference  to  the  reddish-brown  color  and  white  shoulder  spot. 

FoBcata  (Atalapha).  Kafinesque,  Annals  of  Nature,  p.  2, 1820.  Kati- 
ne8que*s  Atalapha  fusvata  can  not  be  identified.  The  original  descrip- 
tion is  as  follows: 

K.are  lungers  th.in  the  licail,  aiiriciilnted  and  bl.iokisli ;  t.ail  tliree-seventlis  of  total 
leii^;tli,  jutting  only  I>y  an  obtUHO  )(uint;  body  'orownish  abovf.  grayish  beneath 
^liouUlei-s  and  ohe«'kN  dark  brown;  hind  ti'ct  blackish,  hairy  altove;  wings  blai-kish 
lirowu. — I-'oiind  in  thi>  northern  parts  of  the  state  of  New  York  and  in  Vermont. 
Total  length  three  ami  an  half  inches.  My  g^tnis  .tttil<i]>ha  (Prec.  dec.)  contain  all 
the  Hats  without  fore  teeth;  there  arc  3 or  4  species  of  them  in  the  l'nite<l  States  all 
blended  nnder  the  name  of  I'mptTtilio  (or  Xovtilio)  Horeboraren»iit  by  the  writers. 

Fuscos  (Vespertilio).  iieauvois,  Catalogue  Itaisoniie  du  Museum  de 
^Mr.  C  W.  Peale.  Philadelphie,  j).  18, 1796.  Ves2)€rtilio/useu.<t  Beanvois 
is  the  first  name  based  <m  the  common  brown  bat  of  the  eastern  rnitod 
t>t:«tes.*  The  orijj^inal  description  is  faulty,  as  it  contains  a  jrlaring 
error  with  respect  to  the  number  of  upper  incisors,  which  are  said  to  be 
only  two.  Nevertheless  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  the  animal  that 
Beauvois  intended  to  describe,  since  only  one  brown  bat  of  the  si/.«>  of 
Mifoiis  mi/otis  ('la  chauve-souris  ordinaire  de  France')  inhabits  the 
region  about  Philadelphia. 

Georgianus  (Vespertilio).  F.  Cuvier,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  d'llist.  Nat.. 
Paris,  I,  p.  1(5,  1832.  The  specific  name //c«>r/jfirt»H.v  long]>assed  current 
for  the  small  PipitttreUus  inhabiting  thejeastern  United  States^.  In  18J)3 
II.  Allen  substituted  for  it  the  older  name  carol inensis  (leotVroy.  As 
idready  shown,  however,  there  can  bo  no  d(mbt  that  Geoffroy's  animal 
was  Vespertilio  /iisviis.  It  is  equally  certain  that  Cuvier's  name  can 
not  be  apiWicd  to  the  (Jeorgian  bat,  since  his  description  probably 
refers  to  a  MjintiK,  while  in  the  same  i»aper  Cuvier  accunitely  tlescribcs 
the  (leorgian  bat  as  Vexpertilio  mihflaniH.  Le  Cont<*,  wIm>  collected  the 
8i)ecinu'ns  on  which  sever;il  of  Cuvier's  species  were  b;iso«l.  d«'scribes 
the  lleorgian  bat  under  the  name  'jeoryianus,-'  and  expre.s.«*Iy  states  that 


'Monographies  de  Manimalogie,  II  (ISnic  Monogr.),  j).  ir>8. 

-16.  Chau\e-souris  brune.  l>eu\  premieres  di  :s  siipr-rienres.  distanlcs  I'une  de 
I'antre,  I.V  voisines  dos  eanines.  nne  fois  jdus  conrtcs  ir.ie  ces  •IcniitTes:  oreilles  Jiues. 
noiratres,  ovales,  ave<'  nn  appendico  a  leur  base;  (|ueue  prcsi|n"aiissi  longue  i|ne  K- 
••orjis  (lii  t»-t«  except*')  meniliranc  ailifornie  noirAtre:  poilsdu  cori)s  bnins  en  desnus, 
grisatres  eu  dessons. 

Itrown  bat.     VexptTlillo  funens. 

Cette  Chanve-Bonris  est  la  plus  commune  <|iie  Ton  troiivedans  le«  envirovs  del'hil 
.idelphie.     Kile  ressenibic  bcauconp  a  la  chanvc-sonris  ordinaire  de  Trance,  uiaiti  en 
ditVi  re  cssentiellemcnt  ]>,'ir  le  nombre  des  dents  de  la  machoiro  superienre. 

=•  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sei.  I'hila..  VII  ( IS-'hl-rC).  p.  1.11,  185«). 


NOMENCLATURE. 


27 


88.,  Wien, 

,  based  on 

B  and  Mis- 

^n  by  tbe 

t 

820.     Hati 

lal  desciip 

ntlis  «>f  total 
yisli  beiieatli 
ni^s  bla«'ki8li 

in  Veriiioiit. 

.  I  cniitaiii  all 
te<l  ^*tates  all 
;  writi-rs. 

Mnseuin  de 
UH  Beaijvois 
tern  I'nitod 
s  a  jrlarin<r 
e  said  to  lie 
animal  that 
f  the  siz»'  ot 
nhabits  thi- 

rilist.  Xat.. 
sst'd  rurn'Ml 
es.     In  1803 
eoftVoy.     As 
Toy's  animal 
's  name  can 
ion  jirobablN 
ely  «leseribe> 
collected  tlu' 
e<l.  de8eril)e> 
ly  states  that 

ttaiiti--<«  I'liin'  <1<' 
»:  ore  ill  1-8  lines. 
<i  lonjriK"  M"**  ''■ 
linins  en  dessus. 


nvirovs  ileVlii! 
trance.  uiai;i  <  n 
ienre. 


this  was  the  animal  that  the  French  autlior  had  in  hand.  Tlie  evi- 
dence is  so  strongly  against  this  view  that  Le  ( 'onte's  statement  may  be 
safely  disregarded.' 

Oreenii  (Scotophilas).  Gray.  List  Spec.  Mainm.  Brit.  IVFus.,  p.  30, 1843. 
Gray's  Scot<>phUi(n  (ireenii  is  a  noiin-n  midinn  which  refers  without  much 
doubt,  however,  to  Vexpertilio  fuscits.  The  name  is  introduced  as  fol- 
lows: ''Giii:en's  I)AT.  Scotophilits  Greenii.  «  lu  spirits. — North 
America.     Presented  by  .lai'ob  Green,  M.D.'' 

Oryphus  (Vespertilio).  K.  Cnvier,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  d'llist.  Nat..  I,  p. 
IT),  1832.  l>r.  Harrison  Allen  has  recently  used  the  name  '  Ve.Hpertilio'' 
(/ryplius  for  the  '  l'.'  Iitvi/injiis  an<l  '  V.''  stibiilntiiN  of  his  first  nionograpli 
which  he  unites  as  subspecies.^  The  combination  of  characters;  two 
premolars  in  each  Jaw,  light  yellow  c(dor,  and  hairy  lips,-'  is  not  known 
in  any  b;it  inhabiting  the  eastern  United  States.  Hence  tlie  description 
is  wholly  undeterminable.  Le  Conte  refers  the  name  to  Vespertilio  Jm- 
*•»«,'  but  this  detei-mination  is  very  doubtful. 

Henshawii  (Vespertilio  nitidus  j.  1 1 .  A  lien,  Monogr.  Bats  N.  Am.,  p.  103, 
1893.  V<s2)rrtilio  )iifitlii)i  hcnshairii  11.  Allen  is  a  synonyni  of  Mffotis 
cali  lor  ulcus,  based  on  pale  examples  <»f  the  latter  lr<uu  near  Wingate, 
N.  iviex. 

Hesperus  (Scotophilas).  U.  Allen,  Mon<»gr.  N.  Am.  Bats,  p.  43,  1864. 
This  is  the  first  name  basi'd  on  the  common  l'ipi.stnllii,s  of  the  south, 
western  United  States. 

Hameralis  (Vespertilio).  Bafinesijue,  AmericMin  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill, 
p  445,1818.    While  there  is  nothing  nbsolutely  diagnostic  in  the  original 


'Tlie  original  (Ifrscription  i»f  J'experlilio  gtorg\<in\ifi  i«  as  follows: 

"Ala  ti'tc,  «U'8  MiiriiuiTfles;  I'lireillu  est  <M-liaucMV(^  ct  roreillon  en  alrne.  Tontos 
les  pMi'ties  HiipiTieiiri's  (III  ciiriis  sunt  cnlorrt-H  ])ar  iiti  nu'-laii^e  dr  noir  et  <Ii-  blnntl 
iaiinatrc.  Lu  uoii  paroit,  ]iari-<M|iie  la  ]>uintf  ties  ]iiiils  <|iii  est  blonde  tie  rncoiivre 
pas,  a  cause  de  sa  bn-vitt'-,  le  reste  de  la  lon<;iH'iir  dc  ecs  polls  <iiii  est  noir.  I^es  ]iar- 
tifs  iiifi'i'ieares  sont  <;riseH,  niais  ni<''lan;;('es  de  nuir,  ]inr  Im  nirnio  c.iuse  i|iii  fait 
]i:iroitre  cette  couleiir  aiix  parties  supi-rieiires.  l>es  nioiistiK^lics  ^iirnissent  les  critra 
des  li'vres  siiperienres,  et  le  di-ssoiis  do  rextri'mitc'  de  la  iiiachoire  inf<^rieiii'o. 

''  Longiietir  dii  eorps,  du  bout  dii  iiiiisean  a  I'ori^iuu  de  la  iiiieiie,  1  police  (i  lijrnes; 
de  la  queue.  1  ponce  2  liynea;  enverfjiire,  7  ponees. 

"De  (i<''orjjie.     Du  anx  rcclierclies  de  M.  le  inaj(U'  Lecoiite." 

-Mouojir.  Hats  X.  Am.,  i>.  7.">,  ls!);i. 

'The  description  is  as  follows: 

".\  la  tcte  <lc8  Mnrinoub's  et  ileiix  faiis.«ies  inolairos  aiioiuales  fort  petites  de  eliaijue 
cntc  <les  deux  niaclioires;  roreillc  est  ecliaiicrcc  et  I'ori'illon  cii  coiittMiu.  Toiites  ics 
parties  snp«^rieures  du  corps  sont  (I'liu  bloud  Jannatre,  Ics  parties  inferioures  sont 
prises,  niaia  lea  jioils  dea  mis  et  ties  aiitres  scuit  iioirs  a  Icui'  extrciiiitc  iiMV'rii'ure,  Les 
parties  niies  sont  violatres.  Des  nionataclics  ^ianiissent  les  cotes  de  la  li'vro  siipt-- 
ricure  et  le  dessous  do  l'extri''niit»''  de  la  luaelioire  infV'rieiin'.  Loiijjiienr  du  corjis.  dc 
rextiviiiite  du  iiiuseau  a  rori(;ine  de  la  (|Ucui>,  1  ]ionce  !)  li^iics;  do  la  iiuouc,  1  poiico 
'J  li-iiies;  cnverjjiiic,  7  i>ouccs  ll»  lij^nea. 

"  Des  environs  do  New  York.     Du  aiix  roclierclies  de  M.  Milltcrt." 

M'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sei.  Pliila,  VII  (18.">4-.V)),  p.  4at,  1«5«. 


, 


28 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


tleseription'  of  tliis  g|>eeie.s.  its  siibsw|ueiit  treatiueiit  is  sncli  as  to  leave 
no  reasonable  doubt  tbat  Hatiuesque  bad  in  ii)ind  the  bat  at'teiward 
named  Nt/cticea  crepuHctdarix  by  Le  Conte.  In  J819  Eatincsque  based 
the  genns  NycticeiuM  on  two  of  bis  species  of  Vesim'tilio  which  dirtere<l 
from  all  others  known  to  him  in  the  possession  of  only  two  incisors 
in  the  npper  Jaw.  One  of  these,  V.  tesselalus,  was  the  red  bat,  LaxiuniH 
horealis.  The  other.  J'.  huHwraliif,  must  have  been  the  twilijfht  bat,  as 
tliere  isnothin*;  in  tht  dest-ription  that  precludes  it,  and  noother  small 
species  with  two  up|HT  incisors  is  known  in  the  eastern  United  States. 

Incautus  (Vespertilio).  J.  A.  Allen,  I>ull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  VIII, 
]).  239,  Noveniber  21,  1896.  Vrspertilio  incautus  J.  A.  Allen,  is  a  syno- 
nym of  Mi/otis  n-lifer  (J,  A.  Allen),  based  on  specimens  of  the  latter 
fronj  San  Antonio.  Tex.    (See  p.  "»!>.) 

Intermedins  (Lasionu).  II.  Allen,  Proc.  Acsid.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  (1H62), 
p.  14(),  1863.  This  is  the  only  s]»ecitic  name  based  on  the  bat  now 
known  as  iMxypterint  iHtmintliiis. 

Keenii  (Vespertilio  subolatus).  Merriam,  American  Naturalist,  XXIX, 
p.  <S0(),  September  1, 1894.  Vexpcriilio  suhnlatiiH  kevmi  is  the  only  name 
based  on  the  t»;\rk  form  of  Myotis  HubulatUH  occurrin{?  on  the  (^ueen 
Charlotte  Ishinr.s,  liritish  Columbia. 

Lanceolatus  (Vespertilio:.  Maximilian,  Weise  in  das  Innere  Nord- 
Ameriea,  I,  i>.  304.  f<H»tnote.  1839.  The  spi'cifij!  name  Ifimrohttiis  was 
proposed  Dy  Maximilian  as  a  substitute  i'or  .sii  hula  tun,  nhoxM  the  animal 
which  he  desijjnated  by  the  latter  name  jnove  to  be  different  from 
Say's.''  Maximilian's  )tiihHhitii.s  is  described  at  considerable  lenjjjth  and 
is  probably  the  Vesptrtiliti  hiri/iu/iis  of  Le  Conte.  The  following:  meas- 
urements are  jriven:  Total  lengtii.  3"  V";  extent,  8"  J)'";  tail,  1"  3": 
ear,  G'";  tragus,  2.V". 

Lasiuras  (Vespertilio i.  Sehrel>er,  Siiugthiere,  Abth.  I,  PI.  LXII  li. 
published  with  Abth.  IV,  Heft  34,  1781.'  The  figure  of  VeHpntlUo 
UmuruH  is  a  good  representation  of  the  red  bat  (Laniiiriis  horetilin  Miil 
ler,  177(1).  Dobson  'cites  this  name  as  dating  from  1775,  in  which  case 
it  would  be  the  earliest  for  the  si»e<'ies.  Tiiis  is,  however,  a  mistake.  PI. 
LXII  appeared  with  Abth.  i  in  1774,  but  PI.  LXII  11,  was  not  pub- 
lished until  17.SI  with  Abth.  IV.  V  ft  34.  The  species  is  mentioned  in 
Abth.  I  (p.  17<i)  as  'Die  nordamerikanische  Fle<lermaus,' 

Lasurus  (Vespertilio;.     lioddaert,  Klenchus  Aninnvlium  I,  ]>.  71,  1785. 


'Tail  tliree-sevontliB.  n]»i»er  in«-iM>re8  2,  rciiiotc,  lowor  6,  boily  dark  lirowii  alxivo. 
Hlionldcrs  black,  ^irsiy  l>eiii>ntli.  \vin<^,  tail,  carH.  niiil  snout  ItlackiNli,  oycH  iiiiiUt  tin- 
hair,  ears  lotigi-r  than  the  lii-.-iil.  elliptical,  anricnlatod.  IiOi);;tU  H  1-2  iinhcit. 
breadth  11. 

•Diese  Fledennaiis  lieschrieb  ich  in  iiieiiiciii  Ta<;olMiclieii)itcrder  liciicniiiiii<;  lV»/». 
lanreolatHM,  sie  lint  abcr  viel  Aeliulirlikeit  iiiit  Sav's  T.  mibiilutiiK.  /ii  Itetlilelieiii  in 
PeiinHylvaiiieii  erhielt  ii-h  zwei  Exeiiiplare     *     "     *     . 

-'  For  date  of  publication  >teo  .Sherl>nrn,  I'roc.  /.ool,  .Soc.  J^oudou,  18!)t,  p.  589. 

«Catni,l.  Chiroptera  Brit.  Xlns.,  p.  2»B«,  1878. 


NOMENCLATURE. 


29 


Vesiurtilio  laifurun  lioddaeit  is  prolmbly  u  iiiispriiit  for  V.  IxKiiiniii,  since 
reference  is  nuule  to  8cli rebel's  plate.' 

Lecontii  (Plecotus).  Cooper,  Ann.  Lyeenni  Nat.  Hist.  N«'w  York,  IV, 
p.  72,  1848.     Concerninjr  I'lerotits  lerontii,  CooiH'r  says: 

Tlie  name  wacvotiM  1  liav<^  ventureil  to  siiporsiule,  hh  Ik-Sii;;  in  UDwisc  iliMtinctivn  of 
tLt- spt'fifs,  Init  ill  reality  (lcriv<'«l  from  a  v;«'iie''ic  t'liar.ictfr,  wiiicli  in  nomo  8]>«H:icH 
is  niomnlcvelopod  than  in  I  lie  present.  Tlio  i-ars  liciii";  therefore  rather  initill  for  the 
^eiiiis,  tills  name  becomes  contiadlutorv  ;  ah<l  no  American  naturalist  will  re;rret  the 
o|ipiirtui)ity  thns  iiHorckMl  of  payinj;  a  well  merited  tribute  to  the  discoverer  of  so 
many  rare  aud  remarkable  animals  of  this  eunntry. 

Tin-  nairo  is  of  course  a  synonym  of  inavrotis  Le  Conte. 

Leibii  (Vespertilio).  And.  iS:  Bacii..  .lonrn.  Aca«l.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila., 
Vlll,  I*t.  II,  p.  2SJ.  1842.  Vespertilio  leibii  And.  &  IJacii.,  fnnii  Krie 
Comity,  Midi,  |now  <)liio|  is  probably  Mifotis  lm-i/ii;ii(>i  Le  Conte.  The 
nieasarcuicnts  are  as  follows:  "  Lenfjftb  of  head  and  body  I  inch  7  lines; 
tail  1  inch  I  linos;  spread  7  inches;  height  of  ear  posteriorly  L'.l  lines; 
trains  1  line." 

Longicrus  (Vespertilio).  True,  Scienc«%  VIII,  No.  2u;>,  p.  ."iHS,  hec.  24, 
1886.  Vespertilio  hnu/irrm  True,  is  the  only  inline  based  on  the  coni- 
nioii  western  subspecies  of  Myotis  sHhiilatns. 

Lucifugus  (Vespertilio).     Le  Conte,  McMurtrie's  Ciivier,  Animal  Kins' 
dom,  1,  p.  431,  1831.    The  original  de8crii»ti(»n  of  VcHjiertilio  lnci/ui/iis 
Le  Conte  is  as  follows: 

Aiitt-rior  upper  lore-teeth  liilobate;  body  above  dark  brown,  beneath  <;inereiins; 
niise  sub-bllobate;  face  with  a  nakedish  |)rominenco  on  each  side;  ears  oblonii;, 
naked,  traj^ns  suli-linear,  half  us  loiifi;  as  the  ears;  tall  iH-ojectiiif;  a  little  bexond  the 
membrane;  leii<rth  to  the  insertion  of  the  tail  two  inches  and  ai|iiarter;  tall  one 
inch  and  .a  <|uarter. 

From  this  ahnie  it  would  be  impossible  to  identify  the  aniiuiil  that 
the  writer  had  in  mind.  Kortunately,  Le  Conte  treatetl  the  species  in 
more  detail  in  a  paper  piiblishetl  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  for  1S.~»5  (pp.  4.'»1-4.">.S).  Here  he 
recogni/.es  three  species  of '  Vespertilio''  with  thirty  eight  teeth  as  occnr- 
irng  in  the  eastern  I'liited  Htates.  These  are  V.snhuliitus,  V.liiei/iufus, 
atid  r.  fportjinnus.  V.jieoniitnitis  is  (dearly  npisin  Ihis  sithflarKs,  which 
Le  Conte  placetl  with  the  thirty  eight-toothed  species  through  an  error 
in  counting  the  teeth.  V.  Iiivi/ii<iiis  avid  \'.  snhulntKs  ol'  Le  Conte  are 
evidently  based  on  indivitluiil  variation.^  >.  .Ue  shorter-eared  of  the  two 
eastern  species  of  J///«/ /.v.  The  only  ditferencr  in  Le  Conte's  descrip- 
tions of  the  two  forms  are  the  following:  V.  siihiih(tiis:  I-lar  slightly 
emarginate;  length  2.0;  tail  1.1;  extent  y.4;  head  .t>:  ears  .4;  orillon 
..■>.  V.  Iiu-i/uiftis:  Ears  so  much  emarginatetl  as  to  appear  hooketl; 
length  .l.-S;  tail  l.G;  extent  11.7;  head  .70;  ears  .lo;  orillou  .2. 


'  Hoddaerfs  account  is  as  foUowB: 

"  Lasnriis.  1(5.  V.  caiiihi  longissiuia,  rostro  obli(|Ui>  triincato,  In  loiitjiie  (Jiiene. 
.Sihreb.,  tab.  .52.  H    loiKjUnhd  Hat." 

Habitat:  ''(^uare  Doct.  I'rxleben,  /imincrnianii,  I'euiiaut  liune  notabileui  vesper- 
tilioneu  oiniseruut,  mihi  lutet." 


I'  I 


li 


30 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


Macleayii  (Scotophilns).  (iray,  List  8pec.  Maiiiin.  Brit.  Mu».,  p.  .'tO, 
1843.  tScotopliilHs  nKich  a  If  i  i  iir'Ay  is  a  iioineii  iiikIiiiii,  probably  based 
on  Vespertilio  fiinrns  cubensis.  (J ray  says  merely:  *'.Ma(^Leay's  Bat. 
ScoTOPHiLUS  MacLcayii  a  In  spirits.  Male.  Cuba. — Presented  by 
W.  S.  MacLeay,  Esq." 

Macropus  (Vespertilio).  U.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Soi.  Phila.,  p.  2.S8. 
1866.  Vespcrtilio  maviopuH  II.  Allen  i^^  a  synonym  of  Myoti^f  ffumaiiennin 
(II.  Allen).  The  name  is,  moreover,  p  eoeeupied  by  VcupvrtiUo  marrojntu 
CJould,  1854.' 

MacTOtis  (Plecotns).  Le  Conte,  MeMurtrie's  Cuyier,  Animal  King- 
dom, I,  p.  4.'U,  1831.  PUnttuH  mavrotis  Le  <'«»nte  is  the  first  name  cer- 
tainly applied  to  the  bat  now  known  as  Corynorhiiuix  macrotiH. 
Katinesq lie's  Vrsprrtilio  me(/<tlotix  nmy  have  been  the  same  aninnil,  but 
his  description  is  so  poor  that  it  is  imiwssible  to  determine  what  he 
refers  to. 

Macnlatus  (Histiotus).  .1.  A.  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  New- 
York,  III,  p.  1i>"»,  1891.  Ilinti(>tu.s  inuciiiatus  is  the  name  under  which 
the  bat  now  known  as  Eudwrna  maruUitinn  was  first  described. 

Megalotis  (Vespertilio).  Bafinesque,  American  .Monthly  Ma$;.,  Ill,  p. 
440, 1818.  There  is  notiiiny;  in  the  original  description-'  of  Bafinesqne's 
Veyperiilio  mcfialntis  by  which  the  species  can  Ik*  iclentificd.  It  is  i>os- 
sibly  tlie  animal  afterwards  nanie<l  I'Uvotuff  marioti.s  by  Le  Contc. 

Melanops  (Eptesicus),  Balinesque,  Annals  of  Natu;.,  |>.  3,  1820. 
When  Bafinesque  transferred  his  VcsptrtHio  phainpit  to  the  {jenus 
Eptcsit-us,  he  changed  the  specific  name  to  imlaiiopx,  thus  adding 
another  to  the  synonyms  of  Ve.sin'rtUio/uifcns. 

Melanorhinus  (Vespertilio).  Merriam,  North  American  Fauna,  No.  3, 
p.  4(»,  September  11,  1890.  Vi'sjurtilio  mrUtnorliinKK  Merriam  is  a  syn- 
onym of  Myotin  eaHf'oriiicHs,  based  on  a  specimen  «»f  the  latter  from  San 
Francisco  Mountain,  Arizona. 

KelanotUB  (Vespertilio).  Battiies<pie,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill,  p. 
445,  1818.  Batinesqne's  Vrsiiertilio  metanotH.s  is  hopelessly  indetermi- 
nable.   The  original  descrii)tion  is: 

Tail  oiui-tliinl,  brown  iiUovc,  K^'ty  lieiieatli,  biwly  l>lai-ki8li  alM»ve,  whitish  liom-iith, 
wings  dark  gr.ty,  shafts  black,  oars  aiiriculuted.  loumli-d.  Leugth  4  1-2  inclies, 
breadth  12  1-2. 

Melas  (Eptesicus).  Le  Conte,  Proc.  Acad. Nat. Sci.  Phila., VII  (1854-55), 
p.  438,  1856.  In  a  paper  on  the  bats  of  the  United  States  published  in 
1850,  Le  Conte  refers  to  IJptesicus  melan  Rafinesque  as  an  unidentifie<l 
species.  I  have  been  able  to  find  no  such  name  in  any  of  Bafinesqne's 
writings  and  therefore  suppose  that  Eptesiems  inelais  is  a  misprint  for 
E.  myda«,  especially  as  the  latter  is  not  mentioned  by  Le  Conte. 

*Maiiiiuals  of  Australia,  III  {Jiiie  Dobson). 

-Tail  three-eighths  of  total  length,  body  dark  gray  above,  pale  gray  beneath,  cars 
very  largu,  duplicated,  auricules  nearly  as  long.     I^'ugth  4  inches,  breadth  12  inches. 


NOMEXCLATl'KE. 


31 


Vlus.,  i».  .'W, 
lably  based 
eay's  liAT. 
eBeutc'd  by 

Inla.,  p.  ti.S8. 

jftimaveuHiH 

'io  nuuropttn 

liinal  Kiiig- 
st  name  cer 
IX  macrotix. 
animal,  but 
ue  wbat  he 

Hist.,  New 
under  wbich 
ibed. 

Mag.,  HI,  1). 
i{ariue»ime's 
1.  It  is  i>os- 
3  Conte. 

1».  a,  1820. 
I)  the  genus 

bus  adding 

auna,  No.  3, 
am  is  a  syn 
ter  from  San 

Mag.,  Ill,  1>. 
y  indetcrmi 

iiitish  lient'iitli, 
1  4  1-2  iiulies, 

II  (1854-r>5), 
mblished  iu 
unidentified 

Rafinesque's 

misprint  for 

3onte. 


y  beneath,  ears 
ulth  12  inches. 


Merriami  (Vesperugo).  Dobson,  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  XVIII,  p. 
124,  1886.  Vesper Hijo  merriaiHi  I)ol>son,  was  based  on  a  specimen  of 
I'ipistreUKK  liespertis  from  Ked  IMull",  Tehama  County,  Cal.,  wrongly 
suppc  sed  to  have  been  taken  at  Lo(!Ust  Grove,  N.  Y. 

Mexicana (Atalapha).  t:  .ussure,  Itevnc^  et  Mag.  de  Zool.,  2e  sit.,  XIII, 
1».  97,  1861.  Atalapha  mcviennn  8;mssnre  is  tbe  fir.st  name  based  on 
the  southern  rdaeof  Lasix nts  burcaliH,  afterwards  described  by  I'eters 
as  Atalapha /raufsii. 

Mezicanus  (Vespertilio).  Saussurr,  IJevue  et  Mag.  <le  Zool.,  2e  ser., 
Xll.  p.  282,  July,  1860.  Under  the  name  Vespertilio  me.vieani(s  Saus- 
sure  describe«l  the  large,  dark  Mexican  form  of  Myotis  caliJornivuH, 
which  liad  hitherto  received  no  name. 

Miradorensis  (Scotophilus).  II.  Allen,  Proc.Acad.  Nat.  Si'i.  Phila.,  p. 
2S7,  1866.  SeotophiUis  miradorensis  II.  Allen  is  the  only  name  based 
on  the  large  southern  form  of  Vespertilio  fuseus. 

Honachus  (Vespertilio).  Itafincsciuc,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill,  p. 
44,5.  1818.  The  original  descripti«m  <tf  Ivalinesque's  Vespertilio  monaehus 
leaves  no  doubt  that  it  refers  to  Lasiurus  hurealis  (Miiller).  It  is  as 
follows: 

Titil  one-fourth,  hairy  above,  frinjjoil  lateriiUy.  body  ]>ah',  fallow  above  ami  below, 
liciid  and  nock  covered  with  a  l«in;;er  I'lir  of  a  dark  red  fallow,  wiiiirs  dark  }?ray, 
shafts  red,  hiud  feet  black,  uose  red,  ears  concealed  in  the  fur.  Length  i  iuchcH, 
lircadth  12. 

Monticola  (Vespertilio).  And.  «S:  r.ach.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
I,  No.  7,  p.  92,  October,  1841.  Vespertilio  montieola  is  probably  Vipis- 
trellus  stihjlariis  (F.  Cuvier),  though  the  description  is  not  wholly  per- 
tinent to  this  8i)ecies.     The  original  account  is  as  follows: 

/>»;»(>7i/i«  monlicola  (Mountain  bat).— V.  vesi>crtilione  8ubulat<a  brcvior ;  anricuhiH 
brevioribns;  tragus  noiie\<'cdcnti bus,  dimidianilongituiliucni  anriculic;   colore  fnlvo. 

Mountain  Hat. — Smaller  fliau  .Say'.s  bat  (f.  Hiiliulotiin);  ca^s  shorter;  tragus,  less 
tliiiii  half  the  length  of  the  ear;  color,  yellowish  brown.  Upper  foreteeth  bilobate, 
cars  moderate,  naked,  erect,  rather  broad  at  base;  tragus  line.-ir,  subulate,  body 
suiidi;  wings  long;  tail  projecting  a  line  beyond  the  interf(;nioraI  nicuibraue,  which 
is  slightly  sprinkled  with  hair  above  and  beneath. 

Ciilor. — The  nose  and  chin  .are  black ;  cars  liu;lit  brown;  wing  membranes  dark 
l»rown.  The  whole  of  the  fur  of  the  body,  above  and  beneath,  is  from  the  roots,  of 
a  uniform  yellowish-brown  eolor. 

'fhe  species  differs  from  Say's  bat  not  only  in  color,  but  in  the  much  shorter  oars  and 
tragus.  The  size  and  shape  of  the  tragus  we  have  found  an  invaluable  guide  in  our 
Auiericau  bats;  the  ears  of  the  present  sjiecies,  when  alive.  t\w  always  ««rect;  Avhile 
those  of  Say's  Bat  are  folded  backward  like  those  of  the  long-eared  Hate— /7c- 
coliis.      *      *      * 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head  and  body,  1  inch  8  lines;  length  of  tail,  1  inch  6 
lines;  length  of  spread,  8  inches;  height  of  ear  posteriorly,  IJ  lines;  height  of 
tragus,  IJ  lines. 

N.  H. — The  tragus  in  Say's  Bat  is  fonr-and-a-half  lines  in  height.  Several  s]>i'ci. 
I  mens  of  this  Hat  were  obtained  during  the  summer,  on  the  mountains  of  N'irginia,  at 
;  the  Grey  Sulphur  Springs.    They  were  uuifonu  iu  size  uud  color. 


T  iiV 


82 


NOKTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


Mydas  (Eptesions).  Katiiiesfiuc,  Aiiiuils  of  Nature,  p.  ii,  1820.  The 
de.scri[>tiuii  of  Kptenivm  mydnn  leaves  the  ispe<ues  hopelessly  indeter- 
miuable.    It  is  as  follows: 

FalvouB  above,  grey  )>vuent)i;  wings,  ears  niid  tail,  pale  brown,  shafts  whitlHh; 
ears  double  the  length  of  the  head;  tail  naked,  slightly  inucrouate,  nearly  as  louj; 
as  the  body. — I  have  observed  it  in  th<t  barrens  of  Kentucky  Hying  iu  the  houst-s. 
Total  length  three  inches,  of  which  the  tail  includes  tive-twelfths.  Ears  three- 
(inarters  of  an  inch  long.  I  mentioned  it  under  the  name  of  I'esp.  mi/daa  in  my 
account  of  the  Bats  of  the  western  states,  (Am.  Mag.  v.  3).  I  have  sinc<^  instituted 
two  other  genera  with  them,  Hypexoilon  and  Nt/cHceiiia  (Prodr.  70  N.  G.  An);  the 
others  are  ))robably  Atalaphes.  I  know  already  tifteen  speciea  of  Bats  in  the 
United  States,  almost  all  new  ones. 

No  bat  is  known  to  ociuir  in  Kentucky  that  combines  the  characters 
attributed  to  this  animal. 

Mystax  (Vespertilio).  Katinesquo,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  III.  p. 
445, 1818.  This  species  which  liatinesque  had  already  referred  to  as 
Novtilio  mystojCy^  is  described  as  follows: 

Tail  two-tifths  of  total  length,  upper  incisores  none,  lower  6,  2  warts  at  the 
lower  Jaw,  body  entirely  fallow,  toji  of  the  head  brownish,  ours  brown,  auricu- 
lated,  longer  than  the  head.     Length  5  inches,  breadth  14. 

In  the  diagnosis  of  tlie  genus  //y^>c«wZow,  based  on  this  species,  some 
further  characters — such  as  'nostrils  round,  projecting,'  and  Mips 
whiskered' — are  added,  which  only  serve  to  increase  the  impossibility 
of  identifying  the  animal. 

Nigricans  (Vespertilio).  Maximilian,  Beitriige  Naturgesch.  Brasil.,  II, 
p.  2C<»,  1826.  Myotis  nigrivana  (Maximilian)  is  a  species  closely  related 
to  M.  californicii8,  which  it  replaces  in  the  tropical  fauna  from  southern 
Mexico  southward.  The  name  was  <i))[)lied  to  M.  californirns  by  Dr. 
Harrison  Allen  in  his  recent  monograph  (18!).'i).  In  tiie  original  descrip- 
tion Maximilian  cites  Schinz  ('Thierreich  u.  s.  w.  IJ.  I.  p.  179')  as 
authority  for  the  name.  As  I  have  been  unable  to  verify  this  reference 
I  do  not  know  whether  the  name  was  actually  publ'shed  before  1826. 

Nitidus  (Vespertilio).  II.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  (1862), 
p.  247,  1863.  Venpertilio  nitidm  II.  Allen,  is  the  common  small  brown 
bat  of  the  western  United  States  and  therefore  the  name  is  a  synonym 
of  F.  californicua  And.  &  Bach.,  1842. 

Noctivagans  (Vespertilio.)  Le  Oonte,  McMurtrie's  Cuvier,  Animal  King 
dom,  I,  p.  431,  1831.  This  is  the  tirst  name  based  on  the  silver-haired 
bat,  Lusionycteris  noctivagans. 

Noveboraoensis  (Vespertilio).  Erxlebeu,  Syst.  liegni  Auim.,  I,  p.  15.5, 
1777.  Erxleben's  Vespertilio  norieboraeensis  was  based  on  the  New 
York  bat  of  Pennant  (Synop.  Quadr.,  p.  367),  'Die  nordamerikanische 
Fledermaus'  of  Schreber  (Siiugthiere,  I,  p.  176),  and  *Der  Neujorker'  of 
Miiller  (Natursyst.  Suppl.,  p.  20).  It  is  therefore  the  red  bat,  Lasinrus 
borealis. 

Noveboracns  (Vespertilio).  Boddacrt,  Elenchus  Animalinm,  I,  p.  71, 
1785.    This  is  the  red  bat,  Lmiurus  borealis  Miiller.    Boddaert  men- 


>  Auierican  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill,  p.  354. 


.1  Hii: 


NOMKNCLATIIHE. 


d8 


characters 


)ecie8,  some 


tions  the  \?hite  Hhoiihler  iiiai'k.s  characteristic  of  the  species  ainl  refers 
to  Hchieber  and  Peniiaiit. 

ObscuruB  (Vespertilio).  II.  AUeii,  Proc.  A(;tul.  Nat.  Hci.  Phihi.,  p.  2S1, 
1866.  Veupvrtilio  obHCurun  II.  Allen,  is  one  of  the  numerous  synonyms 
of  Myotin  valijhrnivm.    The  type  specimens  (uviue  from  Lower  Oalllornia. 

Oregonensis  (Vespertilio).  it.  Allen,  Moii^r.  liats  N.  Am.,  p.  <il,  1864. 
Tlie  wording  of  Dr.  Allen's  account  of  Vexpertilio  oreyoneiinix  is  so 
ambiguous  as  to  leave  some  doubt  as  to  whether  he  inten(le<l  to  apply 
the  name  to  specimens  from  Fort  Yuma  and  Cape  St.  Lucas  (Nos.  r»tor>, 
~)i>M,  and  r)402)  or  to  a  skin  labeled  orciiommix  by  LeConte.  In  either 
case  the  name  is  a  synonym  of  V.  cali/ornivm  And.  &  Bach.  Under 
V.  nitMm  he  says : 

No8.  5105,5537,  aud  5102,  four  spocinioiiH  in  iill,  premtnt  tlm  foUowinji;  iteiiiliaritios: 
Till-  tnr  iM  lun^u^ur  tliaii  in  utbeiH  of  Mio  collectioti.  On  tlio  bacli  tlio  bitso  uf  tliu  Iitiir 
is  blackish;  upper  tliird  piilo  yellow,  turning  tu  n  deMc-uto  li;;lit-.vcllo\vi.sli  ni>«set 
lirown;  on  the  belly  the  hair  is  dark  brown  at  the  biise,  with  li<{ht  tipH;  thohiiirHoi) 
the  interfenioinl  nieniliraue  are  also  of  a  ]i(rht  (M>lor.  lu  other  rcdpectN  the  charac- 
ters are  the  same  as  (he  other  specinionH.  'I'ho  dried  Hpecinien,  No.  5512,  labeled  by 
I  ir.  !.e  t'onte  V.  oinjunctmit,  though  never  described  by  him,  probably  beliin<;8  to  this 
\iiriety.  If  the  individuals  having  the  above  coloration  shonid  be  funnd  to  consti- 
tiilc  a  new  species,  this  name  will  be  reserved  for  it. 

Pallidus  (Vespertilio).  Le  Conte,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiila.,  VII, 
(185i-ti5)  p.  4.'{7,  1866.  Vespertilio  pallidum  Le  Conte  is  the  only  name 
based  on  the  Eastern  form  of  Antro::ous,  the  type  of  the  genus.  Le 
Conte  stated  that  his  species  came  from  California,  but  this  i.s  evidently 
an  error,  as  pointed  out  by  Baird  and  Harrison  Allen.  The  tyjjc,  now 
in  the  United  States  National  Museum,  is  labeled  'Fort  Clark,  Texas.' 
It  aj^rees  in  all  resi)ect8  with  skins  taken  in  the  same  region  by  Dr.  K. 
A.  Mearns. 

Parvula  (Rhogeessa).  II.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  [).  L'8r», 
1868.  lihofjel'saapamdn  LI.  Allcji,  from  the  Tres  Marias  islands,  Mexico, 
is  probably  distinct  from  any  of  the  nieinbers  of  the  genus  that  occur 
on  the  mainland.    The  type  is  now  mislaid  or  lost. 

Pfeifferi  (Atalapha).  (luudlach,  Mouaisber.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wi.ss., 
lierliii,  p.  152,  1861.  Guudlach's  Atalapha  pfeifferi  is  the  only  name 
based  on  the  Cuban  form  of  Lasitirus  horeaUs. 

Phaiops  (Vespertilio).  Bafinestiue,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill,  p.  445, 
1818.  Under  the  name  Vespertilio phaiopa^  Katinesque  gave  an  accurate 
(description  of  Vespertilio  fusexs  Beauvois.     He  says: 

Tail  one-third  of  total  liMigth,  naked,  nincronate,  body  dnsky  bay  above,  pule 
Iboneath,  face,  ears  and  winj^s  blackish,  \  incisores  in  the  upper  Jaw,  y  on  each  side, 
|4livided  by  a  large  Hat  wart,  unequal,  the  outside  ones  larger  and  bilobed,  G  small 
jincisores  at  the  lower  jaw.     Length  11-2  inches,  breadth  13. 

Priscus  (Nyotitherium).  Marsh,  American  Journ.  Sci.  \'  Arts,  ',k\  ser., 
IIV,  p.  128,  1872.  Nyctitherium  priscus  Marsh  is  a  name  based  on  a 
Ifragment  of  a  fossil  lower  jaw  from  the  Eocene  or  lower  Miocene  near 
jllenrys  Pork,  Wyoming. 

Propinqutts  (Vespems).  Peters,  Mouatsber.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss., 
2772— No.  13 3 


34 


NORTH    AMEBICAN    FAUNA. 


.■>!■; 


I    .1  : 


'!i 


!• 


ill  I 


Berlin,  p.  262,  1872.  VeHjuriiH  propinqum  Peters  from  8atitn  Ysabel, 
(iuatoinala,is  tlio  Hiiiall  Hotitlieru  furin  of  VeHpertilio/nacuti.  I  eaii  find 
uo  other  name  based  un  this  aninia]. 

Froinoaus  (Vesp«rtilio).  Hay,  Loiif^'s  Kxi>edition  to  the  liocky  Moun- 
tains, I.,  p.  107,  footnote,  1823.  VeHpertilio  pruinoauH  Hay,  \h  tlie  hoary 
bat,  LasiurtiH  cinereun  (Iteauv.).  It  was  described  from  a  specinieii 
taken  at  Engineer  Cantonment,  Washin^^ton  County,  Nebraska, -t  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Boyer  Kiver  and  not  far  from  Council  Blutts, 
Iowa. 

Pnlvemlentns  (Vespertilio).  Temminck,  Monogr.  de  Mamm.,  II,  ]>.  2.'^% 
(13"  Monofjr.),  1835-1841.  Under  the  name  VeHpertilio  pnlrerulentim 
Temminck  gives  an  accurate  description  of  a  specimen  of  LasionnvteriH 
noetivagann  taken  on  the  Missouri  Kiver. 

Bafinesquii  (Plecotus).  Lesson,  Manuel  de  Mammalogie,  ]>.  00,  1827. 
PleeotuH  rajinesqmi  Lesson  is  a  name  based  on  Raflnesque's  indetermi 
nable  Vespertilio  megalotis.^ 

Bubellas  (Vespertilio).  Beauvois,  Catalogue  Uaisonnc  du  Museum  de 
Mr.  C.  W.  Peale.  Philadelphie,  p.  IS,  1796.  VespcrtHio  rubeUuH  Beau- 
vois is  the  red  bat,  LaHiiirus  horealix  (Midler).* 

Rubra  (Vespertilio).  Ord,  in  Guthrie's  Ceogrsii>liy,  I'd  American  cd., 
II,  p.  291,  1815  (lihoads' lieprint,  1894).  This  is  another  synonym  of 
LimuruH  horealis  (Midler).  The  name  appenrs  in  a  nominal  list  of 
North  American  bats.  In  a  footnote,  however,  Ord  says:  "Described 
by  Mr.  Wilson.  See  American  Ornithology,  Vol.  VI,  i>.  00."  Wilson's 
description,  as  well  as  his  figure  on  plate  50  (fig.  4)  of  the  1.S12  edition, 
refers  unquestionably  to  the  red  bat. 

Kufus (Vespertilio).  Warden,  Description  des  Etats-Unis de  I'Amorique 
Septeutrionale,  V,  p.  GOO,  1820.  Warden's  Vespertilio  rufus  is  another 
synonym  of  Lasiurus  horeaUa  based  on  Wilson's  descriijtion  and  figure. 

Salarii  (Vespertilio).  F.  Cuvier,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  d'llist.  Nat.,  Paris, 
I,  p.  15, 1832.    Like  most  of  the  si)ecies  described  in  the  same  paper, 

'  TLo  original  description  is  as  follows : 

"Polage  cl'iiii  giis  foiicc  on  dcssus,  ot  d'un  gris  ps'ilo  en  dcHsouB;  oreilies  tri-s  ;;raii- 
des  et  doubles,  poiirvucs  d'oreillons  aiissi  longs  qu'ellea;  uVst  peiit-("tro  qii'uiie  va- 
ri<5t<5  de  iiotre  oreillard.     llbbite  les  Etats-rniH." 

^18.  Chauve-Soiiris  roiigeatif.  Deux  preiiiii-reH  dents  plus  petites  quo  leH  cnnincn, 
mais  appareutes,  t<'to  aiusi  que  le  foip«  d'uno  couleur  rougeatrc  uu'lro  do  quelques 
poils  blanchAtrcs.  Oieillcs  couleur  do  chair,  nuvs,  rcplidcs  et  append icu I i<^eH  a  lenr 
base.  Narincs  i^uiargiudcs  et  distantes  Tunc  de  I'autre.  Vespertilio  rubellus.  Kud. 
isb  bat. 

Les  poila  du  corps  fornicnt  quelqncH  fois  dcs  /ones  roiigeatres  et  blanches,  l.n 
niembrAno  ailitbruie  est  vclue  ca  ilessus  s'l  la  partie  autcrieure,  ct  couvorto  de  poiia 
roux  dcssus  ct  autour  du  la  queue.  L'iudividu  que  nous  d<5crivou8  est  d'autant  xdiis 
curieux  qu'il  a  dtd  2>ris  avec  trois  petits  qu'il  portc  sur  sou  ventre.  Cc  qu'il  y  a  <lo 
plus  particulier,  cVst  ([ue  d'eux  d'entr'cux  resseniblent  parfaitcmcnt  i\  la  mere  pour 
la  couleur  et  I'autre  est  tout  a  fait  roux.  La  nionibranc  ailiforme  est  couvertes  du 
raie  un  peu  transparentos  qui  vues  an  jour,  reprdsentent  des  quarrds  en  foruie  de  ; 
Lozangc.  La  couleur  noire  dc  cctte  membrane  coutraste  avec  les  couleurs  du  corps  j 
et  celle  des  divisions  dus  pa(t«a,de  devant,  i^ui  sout  de  couleur  de  chair,  lorsq^uo  I'aiii- 
mal  est  en  vie. 


NOMKNCLATIJKE. 


36 


tft  Ynabel, 
1  can  tiiiil 

cky  Moun- 
i  the  hoary 
t  Hpeciinon 
*ka, ;{ iniU's 
ncil  lUutts, 

i.,ll,l>.2.V., 
ulverulcutuH 
lasionycterin 

p.  tHJ,  1827. 
*  indetenni 

Musomii  (U' 
ibeUuH  Beau 

uieiican  c(l., 

synonym  ot 
ininal  list  ot 

"  Desciibetl 
►."  Wilson's 
1812  edition, 

le  r  Ain(''ri(iue 
18  is  another 
|n  and  ligmc. 
;.  Nat.,  Paris, 
same  paper, 

eilles  trt'B  };raii- 
Utro  nu'uue  va- 

Iqne  les  canin*''*, 
jlt'o  tic  quehiues 
111 icn litres  a  leiir 
Irubellns.    Kwl-  | 

lilaiiclies.  l.:« 
Buverto  de  poilu 
Ist  tVautant  plnn 
Cf  qu'il  y  »  <'« 
)  ii  la  uiiTe  i>c»ir 
kst  converteB  «1« 
\r6»  en  foruie  tie 
Imleare  du  coriis 
lir,  lorsquo  I'aiii- 


IVx;;er/»7io«<i/'(r// is  indeterminable.     No  known  North  Anierieaii  bat 
combineH  liairy  lips,  reildish  brown  color,  and  two  premolars  in  each 

jaw.' 

Seminola  (Atalapha  borealis).  IMioads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  8ci.  Phila.,  p. 
32,1895.  This  is  the  dull  niahoj^auy-brown  race  of  LaHiHrm  horealig 
pecidiar  to  the  Austroriparian  I'auna.  No  other  name  has  been  base<l 
on  this  aninuil. 

Septentrionalis  (Vespertilio  gryphus).  Trouessart,  Cataloj^us  Mainma- 
lium  tanj  Viventium  quam  Fossilium,  p.  131,  1897.  Trouessart's  Yen- 
pvrtiUo  tfri/phuM  var.  Meittciiti'ion<ili»  is  the  only  name  uiM(uestionab]y 
based  on  the  Myoiix  commonly  kiH)wn  as  VeHpertiiio  nithnlatus  Say.  It 
is  merely  a  latinization  of 'northern  form  o(  Venpertiiiif  (frypbus,^  t\\o 
designation  applied  by  J)r.  Harrison  Allen  in  bis  Monograph  of  1893 
to  the  r.  mdntlatuH  of  his  first  monograph. 

Serotinus  (Nyctilestes).  Marsh,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  3d  ser.,  IV, 
p.  21.'»,  1872..  The  name  Xi/ctilcsU-8  serotinus  was  applied  by  Marsh  to 
the  f(»s.sil  Jaw  of  a  bat  found  l>y  him  at  Grizzly  Buttes,  Wyoming. 

Subflavns  (Vespertilio).  Cuvier,  Nonv.  Anu.  Mus.  d'llist.  Nat.,  Paris, 
1,  p.  17,  1832.  Vespertilio  suhftanis  is  one  of  the  few  North  American 
l»ats  named  by  F.  Cuvier  that  can  be  identilied.  It  is  without  doubt 
the  (leorgia  ])nt{ripistrellii8  8i(l>Jlavu8),  comnnmly  known  ixa^  Vesper  in fo 
tivorgiauHS.''  The  peculiar  cok)ring  of  this  si)ecies,  unique  among  the 
bats  of  the  eastern  I'nited  States,  is  very  accurately  described.^  This 
is  the  iirst  account  of  an  American  bat  in  which  this  color  pattern  is 
referred  to.  The  mixture  of  dark  and  light  hues  in  Ouvier's  V.  (jeonji 
(uins  is  due  to  the  shortness  of  the  fnr  in  his  spe(!imen,  which  allows 
the  dark  bases  of  the  hairs  to  appear  irregularly  on  the  surface.  This 
is  not  at  all  the  case  with  the  small  ripistrellus  of  the  eastern  United 
States.    In  this  bat  the  hairs  are  tricolored,  dark  at  the  bases,  yellowish 


'Th*-  (iri;L;iiiul  deseriptiou  in  as  follows: 

''A  la  tctc  <h-8  MuriiioideH  et  doux  t'ausm's  inolalrcs  de  chaqno  cAtd  des  deux  ina- 

I'lioiroH;  I'oreille  eut  ocliaiicrt^u  et  rorcilluii  cii  conteaii.     'i'oiitcs  le8  partifH  Hiip^ri- 

IcMi't'M   ilii  corps  Hout   d'liii   briiu-iiiarron  grisfitio,  el  lots   partieH   iuftTieurcH  gria- 

liiiiiic'liatreH.     Aiix  parties  liniiica  Ioh  jioils  soiit  plus  loners  a  leiir  inoitit't  iiifrrieiire 

!i|ira  Ifiir  superieure;  ils  soiit  iiou'sdaiis  cette  iniVrieiire  aii\  jtarties  UTis.     Les  ]>ur- 

tics  uiics  HOiit  bruiies,  des  iiiuiistaches  gaiiiisseiit  le.s  cotes  do  la  li-vre  siipt-noure 

I  ft  le  dfssoiis  de  rextrtiiiito  dc^  la  inaclioiie  iiilcrieiire. 

*'  i.oii,i;iieiir  du  corps,  dii  liont  du  nniseuu  a  rori<;ine  de  la  <|ueue,  1  ponce  (>  ligues; 
\i\v,  la  queue,  1  pence  7  ligucs;  euvergurc,  7  jtouceH  7  lignes. 

'•  Des  environs  de  \ew  York.     IJu  aux  recberches  de  M.  Milliert.'' 

•Tiie  original  description  is  as  follows: 

"A  la  tt'te  des  Murinoides;  I'oreillo  est  i^cbancrt'c,  et  I'oreillon  en  deiui-co-nr.  Le.s 
|))arties  snp<^ricnre.s  dn  corps  sont  d'uu  lilond  gris  clair,  legi'rcinont  ondulecs  do 
jlirunatrc;  les  parties  inforieures  d'uu  blanc  Jaunatre;  les  poils  des  jmrties  Hnp<5ri- 
lei'ifs  scut  noirs  a  leur  base,  blancbfltres  dans  la  ]ilus  graude  partie  de  Icnr  longueur, 
let  brunatres  i\  leurpoiute;  cenx  des  parties  iuferieures  sont  noirs  a  leur  inoiti6  in- 
|f<^rieure,  et  d'uu  blanc  jatinAtro  a  leur  autre  nioiti6.  Des  nmnstacbes  garni.ssent  les 
|c("itr8  do  la  livro  superieure,  et  le  dessous  de  rextr6uiit<5  de  la  machoire  inferieure. 

"  Longueur  du  coqts,  du  bout  du  nuiseau  il  I'origine  de  la  queue,  1  pouce  G  ligues; 
kle  la  queue,  1  pouce  3  ligues;  envergnre,  7  ponces. 

"  l>e  (jicorgie.    D(i  aux  recliercbes  de  M.  le  major  Lecoute." 


IF 


1'  •  > ' 


'Mi 


NUKTIl    AMEUU'AN    FAUNA. 


I  'i'! 


'  'i 


I 


i 
I 

in 

1 


ill  thu  iiiidilk',  and  dark  at  tliii  exti'ume  ti|»H.  TIiIh  \h  exactly  wlisit 
Cuviurdusciibessis  tliucliaractciof  tliefur«it'lii»'HI(>iidiir(/'.»H/>//arHN). 
Subulatoa  (Vespertilio).  Hay,  in  Lon^r'H  Kxped.  t(»  Kocl^y  MtH.,  11,  p.  05 
footiiotis  1823.  Tlic  original  dcHcriptidii  of  VtHpertiliu  tmlntlatUH  IcavcH 
tliu  NiMiduH  uiideteriiiinable.     It  is  as  follows: 

KaiH  loii^fi'  tliiiii  Itniiid,  iiuurly  uh  Ioii^  ih  tlio  liuuil,  hiiiry  on  tli«  ItuMikl  lialf,  u  littl« 
v«3nti'icoKu  oil  tlio  aii((M'ior  «mI}.'o,  iiimI  cNtiMMliii^  iii^ar  to  tlio  <<>«;  truKiiH  oluiif;uti>«l, 
HiiWnliitu;  tliu  liitii-  ul>uvo  bliukiHli  at  Itiisc,  tip  dull  ciiiircoim;  tlio  iiituircniiural 
iiiDiiihraiio  hairy  at  liasu,  thi>  IttiirH  iiiii(!i)loiinMi,  ami  a  fow  iiIho  Mcatlcre*!  over  itH  hiu'- 
liiri>,  and  mIoii<{  itH  ed^o,  tin  wull  a^  that  of  tho  lnarhial  iiuMiiliriiiic;  hair  lioiieath 
lda(^k,  till-  tip  ytdlowinli-wliito;  hind  l'ui4  latliiThiii^,  a  ftnv  Hctii'  oxt);ndi lit;  over  th«* 
nails;  only  a  iiiiuiite  ])ortion  of  tint  tail  jirotindcM  beyond  thu  nioiubrunu.  Total 
lun^th,  ti|"„   inrli<;s.     Tail,  1\  iuchvB. 

While  there  is  iiothiiij;  in  this  aeconiit  that  refers  ntiqnestionably  to 
the  ]oii{;er  eared  of  the  two  species  of  Mifutis  inhaliiting  the  eastern 
United  Htates,  the  name  has  passed  cnrrcnt  for  this  animal  so  lon^  that, 
after  <;ai'efnl  consideration  of  all  the  evidence,  I  am  nnwillin;;;  to  siibsti 
tute  for  it  Tronessart's  WAuieHcplenttioiuilis,  the  only  one  uneiinivocally 
based  on  the  species.  Hay's  Vcxpcrtilio  mihuhttuH  »!aine  from  the  Arkaii 
sas  Itiver,  near  the  present  town  of  La  Junta,  (Colorado.  The  bats  of  this 
region  are  not  well  known,  but  at  present  Mi/tttis  vrotis,  M.valifnrniciis 
ciliolabnim,  and  .1/.  Ii(ri/nijus  hni(/ivnt>t  arc  the  only  ineinb<>rs  of  the 
jjenus  Mifolin  which  may  coiilldently  be  expected  to  o<!ciir  there.  From 
the  known  ranj^e  of  Mijotin  mih'ilatiiH  to  the  north  and  west,  however, 
its  rejfular  occurrence  in  Colorado  is  by  no  means  impossible.  Appar- 
ently Le  Conte  was  the  llrst  subsequent  writer  to  define  the  name 
HiibidatiiH,  and,  as  has  already  b(>en  shown,  his  animal  was  an  individuiil 
variation  of  the  shm-ter  eared  (»1  the  two  eastern  species.  If  this  deter 
mination  be  taken  as  tinal,  there  can  be  no  (piestion  as  to  the  necessity 
of  adopting  the  name  ncptrHfriotialtH  for  the  longer  eared  animal,  bu*^  at 
present  the  power  of  the  'tlrs  revise.'  is  so  much  in  qi.estion  that  ti.a 
much  should  not  be  staked  on  i,  Harrison  Allen,  in  i8(U,  applied  the 
name  siihtilatKH  to  the  lon;uer  eareu  '•«  two  forms,  and  in  this  sense 
it  passed  unchallengtMl  until  1<S!K{,  wheu  '>e  same  author  united  the 
UwifiKjitH  and  HubuhituH  of  his  earlier  mon(»graph  under  the  sjiecilir 
name  tfrifplnis.  This  change  has  not  been  generally  adopted,  so  that  in 
retaining  the  s])ecilic  uauxe  subiilattis  I  am  merely  continuing  the  usage 
of  the  i)ast  thirty-four  years,  not,  l.owever.  without  grave  misgivings 
that  the  reasons  for  so  <loing  are  in  niiility  unsound. 

Teliotis  (Atalapha).  II.  Allen,  I'roc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  XXIX,  p.  1. 
February  11,  1891.  Atalapha  tvUclli  II.  Allen  is  the  only  name  based 
on  the  Oalitbrnian  form  of  lALsiuruti  borealis. 

Teuuidorsalis  (Vespertilio).  II.  Allen,  I'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  p. 
283, 1866.  Thip  is  a  synonym  of  Myotis  adi/ornicus  based  on  a  speci 
men  (No.  5533,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.)  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Lower  California. 

TesselatuB  (Vespertilio).  Katuiesque,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill, 
p.  445,  1818.  Kafinesque's  Vesjxrtilio  tenaehUus  is  Lasinrus  borealis 
(Miiller).    The  original  description  is  as  foUows : 

Tail  half  of  total  length,  hairy  above,  upper  iucisores  2,  roniote,  lower  0,  boily 
fallow  above,  head  pule,  dirty  fulvous  beneath,  with  a  faint  tallow  collar,  with  2 


NO.MKNCI.ATIKE. 


87 


biiiry  white  tpotHnliovo  near  the  thnmlt,  inemlirniie  ItlnrkinhiDotttMl  of  fiilvniiH  inter- 
iiiilly  itiiil  clott*-*!  of  sarnn  externally,  Hhat'tt)  fiilvoiiH,  iumo  liilobute,  uurs  nearly  c;oii 
lealiMl  by  tlio  Iniir.     Length  4  inoh^H,  breadth  12. 

Townaendi  (Pleootus).  Cooper,  Ann.  liyt'euin  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  IV, 
\i.  7.'{,  1837.  Vh'CoiHH  toienH€nifi  (Jooper  18  tlu'  only  name  based  on  the 
lorni  of  CorynorhhiuH  inliabitinj;  tlie  northwestern  United  Htat<'s. 

Tumida  (RhogeSua).  II.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sei.  IMiila.,  p.  l.'S<», 
1866.  Uhoffeinna  tumiilti  11.  Alh-n  is  the  only  ininie  base<l  on  the  snuill 
Mexican  bat  to  which  it  is  now  applied. 

Ursinns  (Vespertilio).  Teniminek,  Monographies  do  Mannnalogie,  II 
{l'^'^  Monoffr.),  p.  2:\rt,  1885-41.  Tlie  description  of  Teniniinck's  V^'iipvr 
tiliif  tirsiniis  refers  without  much  (piostion  to  Vexprrtilio  /iihciih  llcauv., 
tliou)<:h  the  statement  is  made  that  there  is  no  false  molar  in  the  upper 
Jaw.   Color,  si/e,  and  external  <*haraeters,  however,  aj^ree  with  V.J'iihvuh. 

Velifer  (Vespertilio).  .1.  A.  Allen,  Hnll.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  New 
York.  HI,  p.  177,  1890.  The  name  VcHitertUin  nli/vr  has  been  applied 
by  l>r.  .1.  A.  Allen  to  a  large  species  of  Myotin  occurring  in  Mexi<!o  and 
the  southwestern  I'nited  Stales.  The  animal  is  closely  related  to  the 
Vvsjurtilio (ilhrscniH of  Dobson  and  may  eventually  provt'  to  be  the  same 
as  r.  (dbcHceun  (leotlroy. 

Velox  (Nyctitherium).  Marsh,  Am.  .lourn.  iSci.  iV:  Arts,  .'Wl  ser.,  IV, 
p.  IL'7,  1872.  Nyrtitlmrhivi  rrlo.r  is  a  fossil  bat  from  the  lOitcene  or 
lower  Miocene  near  Henry  Fork,  Wyoming. 

VersBcrucis  (Vesperugo).  Ward,  Amcri(;an  Naturalist,  XXV,  p.  7ir», 
August,  1891.  Visjh-nigo  renvcntrls  Ward  is  tlie  only  name  based  on 
a  forn\  o(  Pipistnlhis  occurring  in  southern  Mexico. 

Virginianns  (Vespertilio).  And.  «S:  Bach.,  dourn.  Aead.  Nat.  Hei.  I'hila., 
I.  No.  7,  p.  *M,  October,  1841.  VvHpcrtUio  rhujinidnus  can  not  be 
identilied  with  any  <legree  of  certainty,  though  it  is  without  much 
doubt  one  of  the  small  species  of  Myotis.  Tlu>  original  description  is 
as  follows: 

I'isiiirlUit)  rifiiiiiiaiiiin  (Virginiiin  biit). — V.  vosportilione  niontirolA  ]);in]nlnni  lon- 
<;ior,  iinrii'iilns  pauliiliini  longiorilins  iu;i<;is<|nr  iii-ntiH;  tliMitilnis  priinorilins  niaxillti' 
.sii|)erii)risHini|)licil>ns;  iiit.tM'fcnKii'iiH  nienibrana  nnda  ;  <-(>r)iorosn])ra  tiili;;in<ii)-l'Ms(>ii; 
Mill  it  ns  (Mnerc'O-fnscato. 

l'i)7//ni((H  hut. — A  litllo  lar^ctr  than  tin-  Monntain  Mat;  cars  a  littlf  l(>n;i<'raii(l  nion^ 
)iointo(l ;  n]>per  tore  f cctli  Hiniph; ;  intertVnioral  ini'inbrano  naltcil ;  Hooty  brown  al>o\  <>, 
ash  brown  beneath. 

Hculitioii. — InciMors  "~".   Canines    ~  . 
(>  1-1 

In  si/.t^  tluHsptieiesis  intorineiUate  lietweeii  P.  caroHnenxh  anil  1'.  mihiilaliis.  Tboeai' 
is  naked,  los.sronntleil,  ami  more  pointed  than  cither  of  the  other  closely  allied  HpeeirH. 
The  trajruH  is  very  narrow,  linear,  and  loss  than  half  the  length  of  tlio  ciar.  The  tail 
is  inclosed  in  the  interfenioral  membrane,  except  the  penultimate  joint,  which  in  free. 
The  anterior  npper  fore  teeth,  instead  of  boinjL;  sub  simple,  as  in  the  T.  caroliueHain, 
or  bilobate,  as  iit  I',  fiiihiilafiix  and  1".  montaiiiig,  are  sim]ile. 

Color. — The  nose,  npper  lip  and  ni)per  Jaw  arc  black;  wings  dark  brown.  The 
back  is  sooty  brown;  on  each  shonhler,  at  the  insertion  of  the  wing,  there  is  a  cir- 
cular black  spot  about  4  lines  in  diameter;  on  the  under  surface  eiuerions  brown. 


38 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


Dimenitions, — Length  of  bea«l  aiul  l>o<1y,  2  inclieH  5  linon;  length  of  tail,  1  in(;b; 
length  of  8prea4l,  >^  inches  8  lineu;  height  of  ear  posteriorly,  4  lines;  height  of 
tragns,  1}  lines. 

Hab. — Monntains  of  Viritinia. 

Volans  (Vespertilio).  H.  Allen,  Proc.  Aoad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  282, 
1866.  VeHpertilio  rolann  11.  Allen  is  another  of  the  numerous  syno- 
r yms  of  Myoiin  cali/ornicus.  The  name  was  based  on  a  specimen  from 
Cape  St.  Lucas,  Lower  California. 

Tuinanensis  (Vespertilio).  II.  Alien,  Monogr.  N.  Am.  Bats,  p.  r»8, 1864. 
Myotis  yumaneusis  of  II.  Allen  is  the  small,  large-footed  bat,  to  which 
the  same  author  a  few  years  lat<*r  ap|>lied  the  name  macropus,  and 
finally  in  llis  second  Monograph  regarded  as  identical  with  Myotis 
albescens  ((Jeolfroy). 

In  a  paper  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Philadelphia  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  for  l.S6(»,  Dr.  Allen  gives  a  revised  description 
of  M.  yiimanrnxis,  based  on  a  Fort  Yuma  specimen  not  mentioned  in 
the  original  a<-count  of  the  species.  This  specimen  was  M.  enlifornkus, 
as  shown  by  the  very  small  hind  foot  which  measured  oidy  two  lines, 
or  4.2  mm.,  about  half  as  nuich  as  the  foot  of  M.  yi()»anctisin. 

LISTS    OK   NORTH  AMERICAN   VESPERTILIOIS'IDyT:. 

Forty-six  sjx'cios  and  subspecies  of  Vespertilionida'  are  here  recog- 
nized as  occurring  in  America  north  of  Panama  and  in  the  West  Indict. 
Thisnumberwillprobably  be  materially  increased  when  the  West  Indian 
and  Central  American  species  are  better  known,  iind  when  adccpiatc 
series  of  skins  from  the  mainland  permit  the  definition  of  certain  geo 
graphic  races  which  doubtless  exist  but  whose  characters  can  not  be 
det<»rmined  from  the  material  now  in  collections.  The  North  American 
forms  now  km»wn,  with  the  names  used  for  them  by  Harrison  Allen  in 
18()4,  Dobson  in  1.S7.S  and  Harrison  Allen  in  1803,  are  as  follows: 

Comi>iiratin  tabic  of  namet  uned  for  Xorlli  Americnn  VcspertUiofiidw. 


NamfK  iiNitl  in  (lie  pn'Ri'iit 

JllllKT. 


H.  A  Hen.  1864. 


DoliHiui.  1K7«. 


H.  Al'.ii,lP93. 


Aiilro7.imi*pallMliin(l.o('<i|i'.«')    Aiitrozoim      pnlliiliiH    i   Aiitro/.o'js    pallitlii- 

(|i«rl).  (£iar(l. 

AnIrozoiiH  puUiilii!)  pai'ilii'ii.x      Aulni/nns      |iali<ilii8     .Viitni/.oiiH  paliiiliiR  . . .    AntrozoiiH    palliilii' 
Ml  rriaiii.  (part).  j       (part). 

Kiii!i-mia  ina<Milatiiiii  (.1.  .\ ' Eiiilnniia  iiianilata. 

Allen). 

Corvniirliiinih  maomtin   (!.«■     Sviiiitiis  niai'rntin ('oiviioiliiiuiHiiiaiTi.'N 

Coiitc).  "  I 

CoryiKirliimis  niaorotU  jial       Svaiitiia  towiiscnili  ..I 

IcHrt'iiH  Kiibxp.  no V .  | 

CoryiiorliiniiKmacrotiHtiiHn     ■  IMciMitiis  nnuTotift 

aencli  (<.'oop«r).  | 

Myotis  velifer  (J.  A.  Allen) Vespertilio     albogct'n 

velifor  (part). 

|Ve.ipi'rtilio      (j;ryplni 

Myotl«lucil-igUB  (LoCuiite).j  ^  ispcrtitio  luciaigus.,  Vospertilio  cari)lli |ve"iii>rtfl"o    albeacen 


I  ('(irviioriiiuiiH    town 

M'liili. 


tail,  1  inrh; 
»;  beigbt  of 


la.,  p.  232, 
Tons  syno- 
liinen  from 

p.  58, 1864. 
t,  to  which 
•roptis,  and 
ith  Myotis 

[)hia  Acad- 
descriptiou 
en  tinned  in 
'(ili/oniiciis, 
y  two  lines, 

X. 

K. 

here  recofj- 

Vestlndio^, 

Vest  Indian 

n  adtMinatc 

ertain  geo 

ciUi  not  l)«' 

1  Anierican 

ion  Alh>n  in 

lows : 

n'ido\ 
AT.  II,  1893. 


I» 


/ii'.iH   pallid  II  "< 

II. 

zoirn    palliilii^      ^ 

l». 

nil  iiiiU'iilata. 

liliiiiiismacri  'ii 

orliiiiiiH    t  II  »'  II 

li. 


rtilio     Blbo«c«>ii- 
•r  (part). 

rtilio      Br.vpliii- 

higiis. 

rtilio    albenceii ' 

iii. 


TABLE    OF   NAMEa  39 

Comparalive  table  o/namea  u$ed  for  North  American  respertiliontdw—ContiunetX. 

H.  Allen,  1864. 


Nanica  imeil  in  the  present 
Iiaper. 

Mrotis  lucifiigua  longlcms 

(True). 

M\iitiH  !iirifii)rim  alaneenRla 
Hiilisp.  ni)v. 


.MyotiH.vuiiianeiiHiHdI.  Allen) 


Myotis  yiiiiinnenHiit  Hatiira- 
iiiN.  Hulwp.  nov. 


VeHpertilio  yiiniancn- 
aifl. 


Bobsun,  1878. 


H.  Allen,  1883. 


Mvolis  ciililbrniciiH  (.Viiil.t^      Ve8|ierlilior.itiilii8. 
Itaoli.). 


Mvotii*    ciilirornidis  tilinlii    ' 

iiriini  (Mi'rriaiii). 

My  lit  i.s  lallt'ornioiiHcauriniig  ' 

SIlll.Sp,  IIOV. 

yitjs    calit'iiriiicus    iiicxl- 

riiiiiiM  (.'^iiiisHiire). 

.Mviitii*  niyriiniis  ;M:i\iiiiil-    

i.'iii). 

Myiitis  Hiiliiilatns  (Say) Vi-HpiTlilio  siilnilatim 


MviitiH     siiliiilalim      lirenii  I 

(Mi'iriaiiu.  I 

MyiitJH  eviilia  (II.  .Vllrii) VeMiiei'tilioeviilis... 


M,\  itis  tliysaniMlea  sp.  nnv. 


l.Msiiiiiyrti'riR     nii(:tivn;;anH     S(u»t<>)iliilnn    nortiva 
(I.r  (.'iiiitc).  );aiiH. 

l'i|>istM'llim     lii'HiiertiH    (II.     Srotiiplillna  lu'H|ieriia. 
Allen*. 

rilii.slri'lliixliespi'niaaustra-  

lis  siilisp.  iiiiv. 

I'ijii.^lri'lhiH    Hiilillaviis     (K.     Scotiipliiliis      Ki'ori;!. 
CiiviiM).  niiiiH. 

ri|iistii'llu»    aiilillaviiH    nli-  

M'liniM  Hiilis)i.n<iv. 


riplslrilliis     VI' raTn.  <•  1  s    

I  Wiiiil). 

Vi'.s|irrtili<i  riiHcu.t  UeniivniM.    SriitopliiliiR  ruHfua. 


Vi  »|H  rtiliii    fiiNciiH    iiiinxlii     

niisis  (H.  Allrii). 

Vcspirtilio    fiisriiH    priipiii-    

I|M11S  (I'ltllH). 

Vi'Hpir'iiii.  fiiHi'iis  lialiammi-     

sis  siilisp.  iiov.  I 

'  I 

\  rspiTliliii  fi'sruH  I'ulioniiis  < 

((ii-ay).  j 

\  rspi-rliliii  allilunlarii)   (Pii-  ' 

llTs..  j 

l.asiiii'iis  liorealis  (Mi'Mrr).. .!  Lasiiiriia     novpltora- 

i-eliaia. 

linuliiH    


Vo8]H)rtilio  nitidna  .. 


V^eapertilio     n  i  t  i  il  u  a 
luuciuriia. 


[Vcspprtilio  allM'arenH. 
VeHiiortilio    ii  it  i  ilus 

luatTopus. 
Veapertiliii  nitiiliiK(pe- 

doiuorpkic    variety). 


Vesjiortllio  nitidtia. 
Vo»|M*rtiliii     nitiiiiiH 

hunaliawi. 
Voapertilio    nlliearens 

nii'lannr'iiniia. 
Vea))ertilio     niiip'iraus 
.    (pwrt). 

Veapertiliii  uitidiiH  oil- 


lol 


J>ertiliii 
abriiiu. 


VoHpertilii)  nigricana  .    Voapertilio     iiij;rioans 
i      (pan). 

VeHpertiliii  siiliiilatiiH     Vesperlillo       gryiilnis 
(northern  loriii). 


Vrspertilio  evotis Veppcrtilio     idbeareiia 

I'viitis. 

Vespertilio     ullie.siens 

veliCi-r  (part). 

Vespenino      niictiva-     Lasiotiycteria  iioctiva- 
gaiia.  KiiiiH." 

VeajHTUgo  heaptrua. 


XesperiigogoorgianiiH     VeaporuKii     camlimn- 
mIm. 


V'i'spiTiigii  Hei'otiniiH     Ailelunycteria  f'liaciiB. 
var.  Vosjicriis  (iisriia. 


Vr.speriigii  iiropin;;  iiiiai 


'    sliinis  liorCH' 
(UhoailN). 

I.iisiiiriia    ImrealiM    pfeiH'eri 
(lliiiiillarii). 

I.a.siiiriis  lioreuliH  teliotia  (II. 
Alien*. 


VeHpenigo  allilgiilaria : 

.\taln|ilia     iioveliora-  ^  Atalapaanovelioraeen. 
leiisia.  :     aia. 


Atilaplia     novelKira   i 
cenHix  var.  pleltt'erf 


AtaUplia  ttitiotis. 


I'^'iS 


■:?5m;: 


m 


40  NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 

Comparaiirf  table  of  names  tuedfor  Xofth  Amer'u-an  I'espertilioHidir — CoTitiir:i.'d- 

H.  Allen,  1864.  Bolisnn,  1878. 


Nami-s  iiHitl  ill  tlit-  present 
paper. 


La>iiirii.'<lH>realM  in>  TicaniiH  ! Atalaplia     novclinra- 

(.Siiiiiwiiri-i.  j  ifn.sis  vnr.  fmnt/ii. 

I^i>iiirii8  riiKTCiis  .Beaiivoiit)    La-iiiiniH  finiTi-iis  . 


I)siMVpteni«  inteniMiliim  11. 
Allin. 

Nvi  tin-ills   Iiiiiiji-riIm    Uiili 
iies<iiii'. 

Xviiicciiifl  liiimeralia  <'iilia' 
iiiiH  ((fUtitUarli). 

I{|io;:ei'ss.i  tiiiiiida  U.  Allen. . 

l:ii<>!:ei''8sa  jtarviila  II.  Allen. 

I!li<>^i'i''s.<:a  <;r:i«'ilis  >p.  nov. . . 

Klio^ei'ss;!  alleni  TliniiiiU) 


Atiil»|>)ia  I'inerea . 


H.  Allen.  1833. 


.Vtalaplia  rin<-mL 


LnniiiniK  int'Tmeiliim.    At.ilaplia  inte'meilin..    I>a»vpleniM      inleniie 

■liii.t. 

Nv'tieejim  orepiLicii-      Nvctii'e.jiig  I'n-pii.siii-     Xyctii-ejiw  liiiiiienilia. 
^.iris  laris. 


VeHperiigo  parviilus-.i 


Lift  of  \orth  Jwrrican  I'mpertilionidn-,  irith  ii/pe  localities. 

Xann-  of  aperies  Ty  |m'  liirality. 

Aiiti-o:oMii  iHilliihix  [Lv  ( "onti- ) El  l'a,so,  Toxjis. 

AhIi-ozoiis  iHilUdiis  parijlciis  Mei'riiiin Olil  I'Vif t  Tojou,  CaHaila  At-  la.s  I 'va-i.  ( "ali- 

foi'iiia. 

Kiidirmii  Mninlatiim  (J.  A.  Allen) Near  Pirn,  Voiitnra  Connty,  Califoraia. 

t'oriiHorlihiHi  miicroliH  ( Li-  ('oiitc) Ueoijiia  (jirobaMy  near  I{ii-olM)iiii. 

f'i>riiiiin-liinii>iiiiacrotiiiialhi«v<nfiH\iUs'p.uov.  Keaiii  Canon,  Xavajn  Cuiiuty.  Arizoiia. 

t'tnuiiorlihiiis  inacmliit  loiriificHdi  (('oiii>ei')-  Culnniliia  IJiver,  Orrmm. 

J/i/o/ix  rWi/Vr  (.1.  .\.  Allen) Santa  fniz  <lcl   Valli-.  iioar  Giiatlalajara, 

Jalisco,  Mexico. 

Mjiotix  hnii'iif}Hit{\.f  ("onto^ (ii>orjiia  (prolialilv  near  Kir«'bonit. 

Mi/olix  I'liii'iiiiux  ahixi'fnxi.t  8iilis]t.  nov Sitka,  Ala.ska. 

Mijuth  fiiri/HgiiD  I'lHiiifi-KS  (Trnc) I'lijji't  Sound. 

Mfiolis  >iHiH)nivH$i»  (H.  .Mien) Old  Fort  Yiiniii.  California. 

Mi/olis  ijHiHntirn»i8  naturatiia  unbsj).  nov Hamilton,  Wa.sliiii<rt on. 

.Vi/'<(i.s  (ii/iyo(iiiriM(  .Vnd.iV  Itach.) California. 

iliiolix  cttli/orHicMS  caiiriiiHH  anh»]>.i\ny MaH8ctt,  (/necn  Charlotte  NlaiiiN.  Kritinh 

Colninliia. 
Mifotix  iiili/orMicMM  eHioliihriim  (  Mcrriam)..'rrc;;o  County,  Kansas. 
M fiolix riili/o'HiruK  mesicHHHx {SsiWHuwTr).  ..Mesxfit   (pvoUatily   N'era  Cniz,  I'liebia,  or 

Oaxaca). 

MflotiH  HtV;rir«iM«  (Maximilian) Fa/enda  dc  A,u;a.  near  Iritil>a  River.  l(iA/iI. 

.1/ »/<>/(■«  siihiiliitiix  I  ."^ay  > .Vrkaii8;is  K'iver.  near  I. a  .liinta.  Colniado. 

Myoliti  suhnhiliis  kvi-nii  (Mcrriani) Ma88i'tt,  (^in-en  Cliarlottt-  iKlanils.  ItriliHli 

Cidnniliia. 

Mttolit  rroli»  1 II.  Allen  » MontiTry,  California. 

Viiolis  lliyxaiii'dis  8p.  nov Olil  Fort  Tcjon,  California. 

I  (fKioHfifleri'i  ii<n-lini;iaii>n,\A-  VoHtv) Kasti-rn  I'nited  States  (exart   |iu-alit>  nii 

known ). 

Pipigtnllu*  liinjterHit  (IL.MIi'n) Old  Fort  ^nnist,  California. 

I'ipiilreUmt  hufpt-nis  (iiii/ra/is snli8|).  nov.  ..Karraiica  Iharrn,  .lali8t'o,  .Mexii-o. 

J'ipixlicUiis  $Hhila'  H»  (F.CuvicD   (Jcorgia  (piobaldy  mar  Ricelmro). 

I'lpittrtUuti »uhrtarii»  ohscuriie  6\ih»\y.uov  ..Lake  George,  New  YorV. 

ripitlrelliin  vent crucis  { Ward  > I.as  Vegas,  .Talapa,  Vera  Crnz,  Mexifo. 

Venpntilio  t'H*riig  Itcanvois riiiladol]ihia,  Pennsylvania. 

Vexpertilio  fngc-is  miradoreii»h  (11.  .Mien).. Mir:idor,  ^'l■ra  Cniz,  Me\iei». 
Ve»}>titilioj'a'«iiii iiropiwjHHi ( Peters) Santa  Ysabel,  Onateniala. 


lieu.  1^93. 


ill*  liiinienilui. 


liiiaihilnjara. 


iiiiU.  liritiith 


/,  I'liebia,  or 


|iu-.ilit\  nil 


FAMILY  vespertilionid.t:.  41 

Li»t  of  Xorih  American  Vesperlilionida',  irith  type  localilien—Voutmnof], 

Xamo  of  i^pooie.i.  T.\  1 1'  Imiiliiv . 

rrsperliliofiuciis  bahamrntis  nnhap.  no  v...  Nassau,  New  Providiiice,  IJiiliuiins. 

t'ei^liiriiliof uncus  cubewis  ((Jray) Cuba. 

]  iKpertUio  albigiilaiix  (Vvtern) Mexico. 

jM><iiiru!<  borenlis  (^IWWer) New  Ymk. 

/jisiiiruHboreiiliKaeminoliis  (Rlioiuls) TariioirS|iiin>;8,  I'loiiila. 

Idsiiiiiis  borenUs  pfeiffiri  ( Ciiiitlliirh ) Cuba. 

I MHiutuH  borialia  t(lii>lin  ( II.  Allen) Caliiornia. 

I.iisiurux  biirealis  mericanus  {tiaiiB'iMre) Mixioo  (probably  Voia    Cruz,  I'licbia,  or 

Oiixaca). 

Lnsinnix  WncrrH*  (Hoauvois) Pliiladelpbia,  IVnnsylvanii). 

IhiKiijilerus  ittleriHcdiii8  ]l  Alb-ii Matainoni-s,  Tanianlipas,  Mexico. 

\ilitictiiis  hinmralis  Haliue.si|iin Kentucky. 

Siirtiriius  hiiuieral  in  Cuban  HsUiniuUiuh).  ..Cuba. 

L'hoiieisKa  tumiila  II.  Allen Mirailor,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

HboijiiKm  parrula  H.  Allen Tn-s  .Marias  Islands,  Mexii  i>. 

IHioiie'xsn  iiviuiJix  sp.  ni>v I'iaxtla,  I'uebla,  Mexico. 

lilniijeiHsa  alleni  Tlioinas Santa  Kosalia. near. \ntlan,.laliHco,  Mexico. 

DKSCKIPTION.S. 

FAMILY  VESPERTILIONID.^. 

i'liaraHi'r.s. — Bats  with  tiiHiinal  Imhh's  folded,  bony  palate  defi-ctive 
aiit«*riorly  owiiij;  to  the  ab.seiice  of  palatal  proecsses  to  the  i>ieina.\ill;e 
(lij;.  -h);  molars  with  eonspienoiis  W- 

.>*liaped  eusp.**;  tail  iii(;luded  nearly  to        />^*^'^Sta  /V*l     ?%c^ 

tip  in  larjre  iuterfeinoral  nienihrane;       l/iuCIPm        Jr    I^J^  ^ 
inn//.le    and    no.stril.s    variable,    but      A'-lT^^Jm.       M     \f       •     \; 
lornier  nev«'r  proviueu  with  di.stinet  v«*^  /itb     «> 

h'niiiirhs. — 'llie  family  as   thus  de-        (j^|*Fll        IjSwi  '-y!sl 
lined  is  rei»resente«l  in  North  Anu-r-       / ^Iw'lilllllf a    l^Mim     i^%  / 

i.a  b;.  three  \v<  11  marked  sulmrdinate  p,„  n._  v,„orinr  part  ..r  rostrum  of  .,«>,•!..« 
jiiiiups,  eai  '■  ot'  whieh  may  be  ranked  «»•  («)  I'linUmiuniniiihi-  aini  co  \,,ji,itii 
as  a  sublr    .ilv      Speeimens  from  the       ""•"'"<    •■•»• 

rejrinn  M  tj  t'>  .on  maybe  referred  to  tlM'ir  ])ro]>er  {jronps  by  the  fol- 
l<»\vnif'  shoit;  {i.tifieial  key. 

KIV    ru  Ti,  lll'AMII.IKS  OK  .NOKTM    VMKIJK  As    \  KSI'KKTI  I.IONl  D.i:. 

Lower  incisors  4 liilro:i>iiiii  [  p.  11) 

Liiwir  incisors  (i. 

Mars  joini'il  at  antrrior  lia.sr I'liiothm  (p.  1(5) 

l".:irs  si-parate I'mjnrtilioiiiiKf  i )».  ."it) 

Subfamily  ANTROZOINyE. 

Tl;.  '.ii;tamily  is  represented  by  the  jyenns  Antrnznufi  pecnliar  to 
sonthtt-.  - ,'  !  Nr.rth  Ainerira.  Its  members  may  therefore  be  reeoj;- 
nized  by  rLeir  generic  clui-Mtera. 


n 


.  -1j 


42 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


Genus  ANTROZOUS  H.  Allen. 


1862.  Antrozousn.  Allen,  I'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  S<i.  I'liila.,  j>.  247. 
18()l.  Anlrozoiig  H.  Allen,  Mouogr.  N.  Am.  Bats.  p.  iu. 
1S7S.  AntrozouM  I>oh84»n.  Catal.  C'Liroi»t<Ta  l?rit.  Mus.,  p.  170. 
1893.  AntrozouB  H.  Allen,  Mono<rr.  Bats  N.  Am.,  p.  64. 

Type  spi'cieit. — Antrozoux  paUidiis  (Le  Conte). 

(irotirnpliic  tlittfr  Unit  ion. — Au.stral  /ones  from  Tc\a.s  to  the  Psicific, 
ami  from  tlic  Columbia  Kiver  to  (^iieretaro  on  tlu'  tahlelund  of  Mexico. 

1-1       1-1  1-1        3-3 


(Jeticric  vharacteist. —  Dental  formula : 


h  o.ii  5  <^i  1  1 ;  P^h  2.2 '  "''  3-3 


=28: 


7 


/ 


'Af 


k 


\ 


'k 


'^■^^.■".■'. 


FiCi.  3 Mnsxl<>  of  .1  n.'nxroiK  I  (i/iuf<(jr  (     2). 


mnniuue  -';  mu//.1e  truncate: 
nostrils  surrounded  by  a 
liorseshoe-sliaped  ridge  (fig. 
3);  lower  lip  free  in  front. 

Rrmarhs. — The  genus  .4n 
troznns    differs  so  widely 
from  all  others  twcnrring  in 
Anieriea  that   it   need.s   no 
comparison   with   any  ot 
these.     In  niany  ways,  bow 
ever,  it  reseuil>les  Xifrtopli 
ihis   of  the    Old   World,' 
While   adult    Antrn:oKit   in 
variably  has  only  two  lower 
ineisois  in   eacli   mandible, 
an  immature indiviilnal  from 
Silver  ('ity,  N.  Mex.,  has  a 
third  on  the  right  side  (tig. 
4).     Tin*  (mter  lower  incisor 
is  probably  normally  pre.sent 
in  the  young,  though  ver\ 
early   crowded   out   by   the 
growth  of  the  others. 

()neH])eeiea  ami  one  sub 
ap«'('ies  are  known,  both  «>! 
whieh  occur  in  the  Tniteii 
States. 


Iliili 


KKV  n»  TiiK  smsi-KciKs  (»r  \NTi;i>z()rs. 


Foreuriii  IS  mm.  to  .">.1  mm. :  i-"lor.  wliitisli  «lral»  grtiy paUiiluit  (p.  i:> 

Forearm  .">•»  mm.  ti> «!«'  mm. :  mlor.  jt.Tlc  yellowisli,  <)ral)-lirown pariJivHM  t  p.  4.''> 


'  .S«>i'  II.  All.ii.  Moiio^ir.  Itats  N.  Am.  (18!t:{),  p. 65. 


■m 


ANTROZOUS    PALLIDUS. 


43 


ANTUOZOUS  PAIJ.IDrS  (UCont.^V     l'!»l«  Rat. 

l8o«?.   Vetpertilio  paUidnn  Lo  Contu,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  8ri.  Phila..  VII  (l^G^-lS."))  p.  13". 

!)<♦>■.'.  Antio:niiH  paUidna  11.  .\llen.  Proc.  Acacl.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila..  ]».  •1X1. 

\H\\.  AnlrozouK  piiUidua  II.  Alleu,  Mouojur.  X.  Am.  Hats,  p.  (X  (part). 

\^~s.  .introcona  pallidus  Dtibson,  t'atiil.  Cbimptera  Brit.  Miis..  i>.  171  (jtart). 

!«•:>.  .hilto:oim  palUdua  11.  AUon,  M<)n<)j;r.  Hats  N.  Am.,  p.  tk!  (part). 


;lie  Pacific, 
.  of  Mexico. 

«.,3  3-28: 

le  truiifate: 
nuled  by  a 
I  ridge  (fig. 
i  ill  front. 
\},  giMins  .1m 
so  widelj- 
Dccurring  in 
t  needs  no 
itli   any  of 
ways,  liow 
les  y»/«'/o/»/» 
(I  World.' 
titrnzoKH   in 
y  two  lower 
mandible, 
ivitlnal  from 
Mex.,  bas  :i 
;iit  side  (fiji. 
ower  incisoi 
lally  present 
lioiijih  ver\ 
out   by   tlif 
liers. 

11(1  one  snb 
\vn,  both  o! 
tlie    rnite<l 


jtaUidim  (p.  i:? 
p<irijii'»ii  i  !»•  •*•"•  ■ 


Tifpe  loeaVitii. — El  Paso,  Texas.  (Type  Xo.  r»K57,  V.  S.  National 
.Mu.M'uin.) 

(hoijraphh-  tliHirUmtion. — Lower  Anstral  zone  tlironj>liont  the  desert- 
region  of  eastern  California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Ntnv  Mexico,  and  western 
Texas. 

tieiieral  vharavtcra. — Size  large  (average  length  of  ftneai  in  about  />() 
mm.) :  ears  large,  reaching  20  nun.  l)eyond  tip  of  no.se  when  laid  forward ; 
color  very  i)ale  drab-gray. 

F.atK. — The  ears  (PI.  I,  fig.  10)  are  larger  than  in  any  other  North 
American  VfupniUiouUhv  except  the  species  of 
I'Irrotina:  Laid  forward  they  extend  about20mni. 
Im-voikI  the  tip  of  the  nose.  The  anterior  liases  are 
raiher  clctse  together,  but  separate.  In  form  the 
«';ir  is  so  simple  as  to  call  for  no  very  detailed 
•h-scription.  Anterior  border  strongly  (jonvcx  im- 
mcdiittely  above  well-marked  anterior  lobe,  then 
almost  straight  to  luirrowly  ronnded-otV  tip.  Pos- 
terior border  slightly  concave  immediately  below 
tip.  then  gently  convex  to  base.  Posterior  ba.sal 
lube  very  slightly  developed.  A  transverse  ridge 
I  mm.  ill  length  extends  obliquely  upwai<l  and  for- 
ward from  near  posterior  ba.se  of  tragus. 

Tragus  long,  sti'aight,  and   slender.     Anterior 
hordiT  nearly  straight  to  narrow  tip.     Posterior 
Iwuder  at  first  almost  i>arallel  with  anterior  bor- 
der, then  slightly  convex  to  notch   above  well  dev( 
Whole  posterior  margin  of  tragus  faintly  crenulate. 

Mitiilinnirs. — The  membranes  are  tlii«?k  and  leathery,  much  more  so 
than  in  any  of  the  North  Amcriciin  Vrnin'itiliouimr  which  approach  this 
si»ecies  in  size.  Wing  membranes  uttached  at  biise  of  toes;  interfemoral 
iiu'iiibrane  at  base  of  terminal  caudal  vertebra,  l-'ree  Ixn-der  of  inter- 
fciiioral  membrane  considerably  longer  than  calcar. 

furf. — The  feet  are  broad  and  strong,  about  half  as  long  as  tibia. 
TiM's  armed  with  large  claws  and  sprinkle<l  with  a  few  short  hairs  «ni 
ditrsum  of  phalanges. 

Fur  <r»</  rotor. — The  fur  is  spar.se  and  short,  that  on  middle  of  back 
only  alwmt  8  mm.  in  length.  It  is  closely  confined  to  the  body,  and 
extends  oil  ears  and  membranes  in  a  narrow  border  along  extreme 
base  ouly. 


Km.  4.  — AliiiKniiiil  fniiifc 

ll'I'llllll  .1  lllllKlllisplll- 

iiicisiirs  oil  rii;lit  sidr. 
No.  0(11  in  I'liim  Silvrr 
City,  X.  Mr\.(      111). 

ped  basal  l(d>e. 


f'T 


44 


NORTH   AMERICAN    FAINA. 


Oil  the  back  the  fur  is  pale  drab  gray,  most  of  the  hairs  with  fiuiitly 
dusky  tips,     lielly  grayish  white,  tinged  with  drab  on  sides. 

»SAm//. — The  skull  of  typical  AntrozouHpallUlus  (tig.."»)  varies  in  greatest 
length  from  18  nun.  to  1*0  mm.,  and  in  zygomatic  breadth  from  11  mm.  to 
12..'»  mm.  IJrain  case,  rostrum,  and  palate  broad.  Length  of  bony 
palato  behin<l  niolars  (exclusive  of  me<lian  spine)  usually  less  than 
width  at  base  of  median  spine. 

Tet'th. — The  teeth  (fig.  <Mr)  are  large  and  strong.  Upper  i>renmlav 
transversely  long  and  narrow.  First  lower  jtremolar  sm<ill  and  closely 
wedged  between  canine  and  second  premolar. 

McHHurcmcntH. — See  table,  page  46. 


Fio.  r>.— Skulls  of  (n)  Autrmmtii  pallidti*  snA  (6>  Antrozoui imUidut  pariSeu*  {'•'  ^). 

Sperimnts  vxamhml. — Total  number,  04,  from  the  following  localities: 

Ari/ona:  Month  of  (Jnlorado  Kiver,  1;  Yuma,  Ti. 

{'iililoriiia:  <>I<1  I'ort  Yiiiiiii,  1;  Owens  Vallfv,  2;  I'aiiamiiit  Vallty.  I;  Walkci 

r.aHiii.  L'. 
Nevada:  Ajnarj^osii  Pcscrt,  1;  Tiiiipaliiite  Moniit.iius,  2. 
NfW  Mt'xiro:  Hilvcr  City,  I  (skins^. 
Texas:  Coiimtock,  (>;  l)»!vil8  River,  X;  E!  I'.iso,  1  (skin,  type);  Fort  liaiirtick. 

20  {'.\  skius);  Painted  Cave,  3;  I'aisano.  1 :  S.vcaniore  Crook,  (i. 

iietural  remarks. — In  the  original  description  of  AntrozouH  pallidiis 
the  animal  is  said  to  be  a  native  of  California,  but  both  IJaird  '  iiml 
Harrison  Allen  -  have  shown  that  the  type  specimen  came  from  VA  I'aso. 


'  IJojit.  Mpx.  I?<»iuid.  Snrv..  II.  p.  .-.,  1><SQ, 
»Mono>>r.  N.  Ant.  Hats,  p.  tB>.  mn. 


ANTKOZOUS    I'AI.LIDUS    PACIFICIJS. 


45 


Tort    HsmrocU. 


Texas.    The  type,  now  in  the  United  Stsites  National  Must'inii,  is  in  j^ooU 
preservatiou  and  fleaiiy  referable  to  the  Kastern  loi  iii. 

Tyjiical  Antro::nit><  pallhlits  is  readily  distiiijinishable  iVom  .1.  y>. 
pavificm  by  its  smaller  size,  i>aler  eolor,  shorter,  broader  .skull,  and 
narrower  upper  premolar. 

ANTU()ZOi:s  I'AI.LIIMS  I'MMFHTS  Mtniaiii. 

l8tM.  .lulVi):oui>  imUidim  H.  Alltii,  Moiiofii.  N.  Am.  IJals,  \\.  (iS  (piiit). 
ISTS.  Anlio:i>iiH  imUUUm  Dolisoii.  (at.il.  ('liinij»ifr.i  ISrit.  .Miis.,  ji.  171  (|t.irl). 
l.s<i;i.  Aiilriitoiia paU'uliix  H.  AUfii.  Mdimnr.  ISats.  X.  Am.,  p.  0'!  (partj. 
1S97.  Anlrozotin  puUiiliti  ^)((c(//fi(»  Mi-rriam,  I'roc.  lliol.  .Soc.  Wasliinjjlim,  Xl,  |i.  ISO, 
July  1.  IXiil- 

Tfipe  localUif. — Old  Fort  Tejoii,  Canada  de  las  Uvas,  (Jalilornia. 

(ieotiraphiv  (UsfrihutioH. — Austral  zones  in  the  United  States  west  of 
the  iioeky  Mountains,  south  to  Lower  (Jalitbrnia  and  (^Jueretaro. 

(Scnri-id  clinrarters. — Slijjhtly  larjjer  than  typical  Antrozitiis  pallidus 
(total  k  ^th  about  lliO  mm.,  averajjo  length  of  forearm  about  34  mm.); 
color,  yedowish  drab  brown. 

K<irs,  mcnibrinit:s,  ami  <li,strilmfioit  of 
I'm: — Essentially  as  in  typical  pnUitlHs. 

Cohn: — Color  uniroriuyelh)wisli  drab 
throu.yhout  to  base  of  Iniirs;  under 
parts  clear  ami  unmixed  with  darker; 
hiick  stronjily  but  irregularly  shaded 
by  the  du.sky  tii»s  of  the  hairs. 

Shiill. — The.  skull  of  .1h/»v>.co»/}  palli- 
ihis pt((i(ivi(s(i\<£. r» h)  varies  in  greatest 
Ien,i>th  from  L'O  mm.  to  22  mm.,  and  iu 
zy.uo»iatic  breadth  from  lo  mm.  to  14 
mm.  lU'ain  ease,  rostrum,  and  bony 
palate  considerably  narrower  tluin  in 
typical  jmlUtliis.  Supraoeeipital  region 
more  pointed  ai.d  overhanging  than  in  typical  paUidun.  Length  of  bony 
pidate  behind  molars  (exclusive  of  median  spine)  usually  equal  to  or 
greater  than  width  at  base  of  median  s|)ine. 

Tcitli. — Teeth  (lig.  (J />)  essentially  as  in  trua  pallitlKs  exce|>t  that  all 
aie  larger  and  the  upper  premolar  is  eonspieuously  broader  and  shorter. 

Mnisiirenwiits. — See  table,  page  K!. 

Spcviiiu'im  cva mined. — Total  number,  .V.),  from  the  Ibllowing  localities: 

('alifoinia:  Alhiiiubra.  1;  Hi-ar  Valley,  S;  lieikclt'y.  1;  Diil/.iira,  (!;  Fort 
Crook,  1 ;  Fresno,;};  Old  Fort  Ti'.joii,  t>;  I'oso '"reck,  1  (skin) ;  Santa  Marbaia, 
l{;  Saiiti  Ysalx-l,  t  (Swkins);  Witch  Creok,  2. 

'jower  (.'alifoinia:  Cape  St.  Lmas,  3;  Coniondii.  "Mskiu.s);  San  Fernando,  5 
(Miller  <'oll.). 

Ort'^on:  Fort  Dalles,  I  (skiu);  Twelve  Mile  Creek,  1. 

Vueretaro:  .lalpan,  7. 

Utah:  St.  TliumaH,  1. 


Fio.  6. — Te«th  of  (a)  AntrozovH  pallidui  and 
(/<)   Aiitiozium  inilUitiiH  jiiieiiiviis  (     5). 


4(J  NOKTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 

(h'neral  irmnrlxH. — Antrozoux  pdUitius  iKiciJicuH  uvmIh  no  coiiipiirisou 
with  typical  paUUhiH  t'lu-thei*  fliaii  tliiit  already  ;{iveii  iiiidur  the  latter. 


Average  meamn-emeiitH  oj'  aahniiecieH  ot'  .Introzoua  pullulna. 


Siilm]Ht<'ii'H. 


pallidum 


Locnlity. 


pacijiciii  ... 


-  « 

'a' 


o    '5 


1" 

499 

499 
69  9 
699 


a  :  i 


.  2(1. 5  10 


1 


dak, 


10544.2  21  jtO 
115  46  20  10 
1UU44.0  2U.  6  10 


;49 

,40 

51 


»    I 
8.5 

H.O 


,::     bci 

?    i  H 


H5,2a 

Ho:io 


18.4  11.6 

•20     1 14 


H8i:8.5l8.61U 


114  47. 8  22.  6  10. 8  54.  .I  0.4 
51..')  0..1, 
53.5  9.  .5! 
55  9 
50      10 


»:t;io 

04'     . 


19     U 


9130     10     13 


I    «„l 


Texas :  Kl  I'liso 

(jiiiiistook 

Kort  llanctiik 

S.vciiiiiiiK'  CrenU 

(^iit'i'i'tuiK:  fliil|iitil 

Caliroruiii:  Suiitii  YHabol 4cf>^ 22     II 

Diil/.iini 49  9!  118  46.  722.2  11 

((npm:  Koil  DalliH 1       ! 21      II 

T wtilvu  M llti  Crick 1       ? 20     12 

I  I       J      .1 

'  Tyii«. 

Subfamily  PLECOTIN^E. 

This  8ubtaiiiily  is  lepreseiite^l  in  North  Aineri(!a  by  two  genera,  Cory- 
norltiiiufi  and  Einlcrnui  which  may  be  recognized  among  the  other 
Van [K-rti lion iihv  of  the  region  by  their  huge  ears,  Joined  together  at^'oss 
the  forehead.  None  of  the  North  Amer'  'nu  VesitertUioninw  show  this 
peculiarity. 

Genus  EUDERMA  H.  Allen. 

18t»l.   Ilistiolim.].  A.  .Mloii,   Itiill.  Am.  .Mim.  Nut.  Ili.st.,  N.  Y.,  Ill,  p.   IJir.  (not  (Jerv;ii8 
ISu.")). 

1892.  A'HdrnMrt  II.  Allen,  Proc.  Aca.l.  Nat.  .Sti.  riiila.,  ISUl,  ji.  Jti7,  Jan.  12,  IS'Jl'. 
18i>3.   Eiidvimn  II.  .Mien.  Monogr.  IJats  N.  Am.,  p.  (!(). 

Tjiiw  sperli   . — Eudvrma  mav  til  at  it  in  (J.  A.  Allen). 
G(0(j)'<(j)liic  (liNtribiition. — The  genus  Emlirma  is  at  ijresent  known 
from  one  specimen  taken  in  Ventura  County,  (!aliforuia. 

(lenericrharHcUrs. — Dental  foniiula:  /,  H  !t;  '',  -     ;/>»',  [^  ^ ;  «», ..  ..='*^" 

«>-0  1-1.  .i-w  O-O 

I'^ars  (PI.  1,  lig.  11)  even  larger  than  in  C'on/MO/7i/«»/<,  Joined  together 
across  forehead  and  with  posterior  base  of  tragus  united  with  external 
basal  lobe.    Face  without  evident  glandular  swellings. 

liemarkn. — The  genus  Eiulerma  resembles  (Jorynorhhim  more  closely 
than  any  other  American  bat,  but  ditfers  in  the  presence  of  two  less 
premolars,  in  the  simple  nostrils,  and  in  the  more  complicated  structure 
of  the  ear.    Only  one  species  is  known. 

EUDEKMA  MACULATUM  (J.  A.  Allen). 

1891.  Histiotus  maoulafun  J.  A.  Allen,  Mull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ill, p.  195,  February 
20,  1S91. 

1893.  Eudenna  maculala  II.  Allen,  Mono<j;r.  Uat.s  X.  Am.,  jt.  61. 


eudj:rm.\  maculatum. 


47 


V28      18.4  11.0 


lit  known 


>,  Fobruiiry 


Ti/inf  limalitif.—NQiii'  l*iru,  Ventura  County,  Calitornia  (probably  at 
mouth  of  (Jastai;  Creek').  Type  iu  American  Museum  of  Natural  His 
t()iy(No.  }!;r;','.)     iSkuU  now  lost. 

(fcnjiraphiv  dintribution. — Eadcnna  mnculatum  is  known  from  the  type 
lociility  only. 

Ocnrriil  characters. — Size  Largo;  cars  about  three  I'ourths  as  Ion jj  as 
torcarm;  color  blackish  blotched  witii  white. 

IJars. —  Kars  very  large  (PI.  I,  (Ig.  11),  fully  three  fourths  as  long 
as  IbreariJi,  joiiu'd  togc^ther  across  forehead  by  a  low  band  of  mem- 
bnine;  anterior  basal  lobe  continuous  with  keel  which  extends  upward 
trom  anterior  base  of  tragus  and  fades  into  substance  of  ear  at  about 
tcruiiual  part  of  lower  fourth,  bey<»nd  which  it  continues  to  tip  as  a 
wcU-delined  line;  anterior  border  of  ear  nearly  straight  through  lower 
liall",  then  gently  '-on vex  to  broadly  rounded  off  tij);  posterior  border 
slightly  coifcavo  in. mediately  below  tij),  then  convex  to  base;  posterior 
hasiil  lobe  joined  to  base  of  tragus  by  a  low  band,  below  which  a  distinct 
IHK'kct  is  formed;  back  of  this  band  a  conspictums  ridge  extending 
inward  toward  meatus;  ear  membrane  nnirked  by  about  fifteen  trans- 
verse ridges;  anterior  margin  of  ear  sprinkled  with  whitish  hairs. 

Tragus  nearly  straight  on  anterior  border,  convex  on  posterior  border 
excci>t  at  i»osterior  base,  where  it  is  straight  for  a  distance  of  2  nun.  (the 
resulting  form  strongly  suggests  a  table  knife  with  short  blade). 

Mcnihrancs. — The  membranes  are  broad  and  ample,  the  wing  mem- 
brane (li.  Ill,  fig.  3)  attached  at  base  of  toes,  the  interfemoral  mem- 
biane  at  base  of  terminal  caudal  vertebra.  Free  border  of  interfemoral 
incmbraue  apparently  longer  than  calcar. 

Feet. — The  feet  are  moderately  large,  a  little  less  than  half  as  long 
as  tibia.  Toes  s^iarsely  sprinkled  with  short  bristly  hairs  on  dorsal 
surface  and  armed  with  strouij  claws.  Calcar  indistinct  in  the  dried 
skill,  but  appareutly  short  and  without  keel  or  terminal  lobule. 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  is  full  and  soft,  about  12  mm.  in  length  on 
middle  of  back.  It  extends  on  extreme  base  of  ear,  and  on  membranes 
forms  a  very  narrow  border  close  to  body. 

I'.ack  very  dark  sepia,  almost  black;  occiput  and  fore  part  of  neck 
distinctly  less  dark;  hairs  on  sides  and  on  middle  of  back  faintly  annu- 
liited  with  gray  near  tips:  patch  at  base  <>f  tail  and  on  each  shoulder 
pure  white;  whole  ventral  surface  of  body  white,  the  blackish  bases  of 
t lie  hairs  showing  through  irregularly;  fur  everywhere  blackish  at 
base;  ears  and  membranes  light  brown. 

tShull  and  teeth. — As  the  skull  of  Fiiderma  macHlatiim  is  lost,  I  quote 
the  descriptions  published  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen  and  Dr.  Harrison  Allen. 
Tlie  former  writes: 

Skull  and  deN/t/ton.— Basilar  length,  16.5 mm.  (0.65  in.);  total  length,  19  mm.  (0.75 
ill.);  zygomatic  width,  10.9  mm.  (0.43  in.);  height,  7.6  mm.  (0.30  in.);  luugth  of 


'This  information  \va.s  given  to  mvmbeis  of  a  Biologioul  Survey  iiarty  by  the  col- 
lector of  thu  type  specimeu. 


48 


NOHIH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


loworjiiw,  12.7  iiiiii.  (O.no  in.);  iH-inht  at  coiulylis  'A.'A  inii.  (O.l.'l  in.);  liiMfjiit  iiti-oru- 

iioitl  |»rocesn,  It.x  nun.  (0.15  in.);  length  of  uppt-r  lootli  row,  (!.S(i  nun.  H).'J~  in.); 

length  of  lowor  tooth  row,  7.0  mm.  (0.:«)  In.). 

"'-'J  l-l  1-1  .1-:?      II 

Dentiil  formnlii:  inrisors,  "     ;  caninoH,  j   , ;  pnimolarn, .,  .,;  m.>I:irs,  ...^  _    ^^  —  32. 

The  sknJl  is  tliiti  and  papery,  lieinjj  cviilently  that  of  a  yoiiiiK  animal  Thf  facial 
portion  \h  narrow  and  pointed;  the  brain  law!  \h  i|midrat*',  Hat  tent'd  above,  bntrlMi-H 
iibi'uptiy  at  the  frontal  lionh-r,  the  forehead  bein;^  Hnddenly  dejires.sed. 

The  lower  border  of  the  zyj^omatie  arch  is  cnrved  npward;  the  n))i»er  border  in 
greatly  expanded  vertically,  the  npper  border  of  the  nnilar  formiuK  a  hiijh  aiij;nlar 
lUovettH  at  the  nnddle  id'  arch  ;  the  jtygomatlc  jtroces)*  of  the  Hi|namosal  is  sliort,  an<l, 
with  the  malar,  ]iasse,s  forward  in  a  line  nearly  parallel  with  the  axiH  of  tint  sknll, 
with  only  a  very  slight  outward  curvature.  The  tympanic  bnlhc  are  enormoUHly 
expanded,  havin<{  an  antero-posterior  length  of  TlKI  mm.  (O.H:!  in.),  and  a  transverHe 
breadth  of  .3.11  nnn.  (0.18  in.),  their  length  fully  ei|naling  one-third  of  the  length  of 
the  skull.  In  other  respects  llie  \entral  aspe<;t  of  theHkull  )iresentHnothing]iecidiar. 
The  lower  Jaw  is  narrow,  the  coronoid  proceHS  snndl,  rising  but  little  above  thceon- 
«lyle;  the  angle  is  well  develoi>ed. 

The  dentition  is  weak,  the  incisors  and  canines  being  very  small,  relatively  to  the 
molar  series.  The  outer  up]icr  incisor  is  about  one-half  the  si/e  of  the  inner;  both 
have  a  small  outer  eusii  at  the  Itase.  The  n|)per  canine  Ih  about  eipnil  in  si/e  to  the 
anterior  half  of  the  upper  prenudar.  The  nH)lars  present  nothing  distinctive.  The 
lower  iiu'isors  iwr  slightly  double-notched  (trifnl);  the  lower  canines  are  very  small; 
the  first  premolar  is  about  half  tin;  si/c  of  the  second. 

In  liis  mifiiiial  viccouiit  of  tlie  genus  hhuU-riiut,  Dr.  llHi'i'i.son  Allen 
«le.S(;ribe.s  the  ski'll  iind  teeth  as  follows: 

Skull, —  liriiiu-case  low,  ([uadrate,  the  height  one-half  the  bimastoid  diameter. 
The  metencephaion  us  long  as  mesencephalon  ami  iiro-encephalon.  .Sagittal  crest 
rudimentary,  does  not  extend  lieyond  a  line  answering  to  the  middh;  4)f  the  zygonui  — 
the  remaining  portions  of  the  i>o<terior  tempor^il  crest  wiilely  t-eparated — the  ante- 
rior not  defined.  Dorsum  of  face-vertex  with  a  shallow  concavity  which  is  not 
sharply  dclincd;  orbit  with  intlated  inner  wall  and  rugose  elevated  upper  border; 
lachrymal  tubercle  marked.  Jufra-orbital  canal  short;  the  foramen  on  line  with 
interval  between  second  ]>remolar  and  first  molar.  Ijint^  of  \\w  upper  margin  of  tiie 
anterior  nasal  aperture  if  produced  would  intersect  the  second  premolar;  tympanic 
bone  apparently  incoini>'eto  above. 

The  paroceipital  process  bold,  trenchant;  sterno-mastoid  impression  deeply  con- 
cave; nnistoitl  composed  entirely  of  the  squamosal  eh-nient.  Zygonui  <)uite  as  in 
Voi'jiiKirliiniis — the  sijuaniosal  pait  twice  as  wide  as  maxillary;  splienopalatiiu;  fora- 
men i>resent,  of  large  8i.';e.  <)e<'ipital  crest  trenchant.  Tyni|)anie  bone  greatly 
iidlated,  ei|uals  one-third  the  length  of  the  skuil,  not  touching  basi-oceipital,  or 
basi-spheneid;  exiavato  antorioily.  It  extends  to  Ji  line  which  answers  to  the 
ndddle  of  the  glenoid  cavity.  The  mesopterygoid  fossa  as  long  as  one-third  the 
distance  from  tiie  posterior  palatal  border  to  the  incisors.  The  sphenoidal  foramc]) 
is  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  recess.  The  coronoid  process  is  round,  snuiU,  raised 
scarcely  one-third  the  height  of  the  ascending  ranuis ;  lower  border  of  the  horizontal 
ramus  near  the  angle  slightly  concave.  The  angle  is  raised  from  the  plane  on  which 
the  mandible  rests      *     *     * 

Uppir  teeth. — Incisors  eoutiguous,  slightly  inclined  toward  the  median  line,  but 
the  lateral  tooth  separated  from  th*«  canine  by  a  moderate  interval.  Central  iucisor 
cuspidate,  with  a  small  cuspule  projected  midway  on  the  posterior  surface ;  a  distinct 
cuspulo  also  arises  from  the  cingulum  posteriorly.  Lateral  incisor  one  half  the  size 
of  the  central,  and  cnsiddate,  with  a  small  cnspule  arising  from  the  cingulum  on 
the  anterior  and  a  second   on  the  posterior  portion.     Canine  not  larger  than  the 


CORYNORHINU8. 


49 


srcoiiil  )>r«iii<>lar,  tbu  bnct^nl  Hiirt'ace  in  ubruptly  convex.  Tlit*  ilrat  premolar  is  Hinall, 
not  wetl^uil  in,  witli  uuniplute  cinffuluni.  The Hpate  liotwcen  it  and  canine niirrowitr 
tliiiii  tliat  between  it  und  Hecond  premubir.  The  Beooud  premolar  aa  Umg  us  tlie 
I  aiiine  and  nlij^btly  tinted.     Mulurh  iih  in  Ctirnnorhinui, 

l.uirir  teeth. — InciHors  t-r  wdrd,  trii'.d,  i.  u.,  the  main  cnHp  posHewteii  a  well-devel- 
iijii'd  *;us|iiilo  on  each  Hii  jf  the  bane,  the  ciiignlnni  on  the  poitterior  Hide  being 
\.\mr.  The  lirtit  und  Be<'ond  teeth  ovcrbi])  for  u  diHtauce  wiualing  one-halt'  of  their 
(llaiiM'terH.  The  third  incisor  rctaiiiH  a  poHtcrior  cnspule  which  itt  larger  than  the 
iiitt  rior  and  Hcparated  from  the  main  cuHp  by  a  wide  interval.  The  canine  \h  Hrnall 
:inil  projects  bnt  a  Hiight  degree  above  the  incisors.  It  exhibits  a  luarki-d  cnHpnIe 
on  tlic  lingnlnm  anteriorly. 

MitimirementH  (from  skin). — Total  len^^tli,  110;  tail  vertebra',  50; 
tibia,  lil;  foot,!);  forearm,  50;  thumb,  0.8;  lon^^est  linger,  91 ;  ear  from 
nieatiis,  31;  width  of  ear,  22;  tragim,  13;  greatest  width  of  traguM, 5. 

Sptcimeim examined. — One,  the  type  (Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Now  York). 

(Snicral  ntnarks.  —Euderma  muculatum  differs  so  widely  from  all 
ntlicr  known  bats  that  no  comparison  with  any  is  iie<:eHsary.  Its  ]>ecul- 
iiir  color  at  first  suggests  albinism,  but  since  the  fur  is  everywhere  dark 
iit  base,  even  in  the  white  areas,  the  pattern  is  probably  normal.  It  is 
iiseles.s  to  hazard  any  conjecture  as  to  its  probable  geographic  range 
or  exact  fauiial  position. 

Tiie  following  note-  on  this  bat  is  kindly  furnished  by  Dr.  C  Hart 
Merriam: 

Tlie  type  of  this  remarkable  genus  and  specii^s,  recently  described  by  Dr.  J.  A. 
Allen,  is  believed  to  have  been  obtained  at  the  month  of  Castac  Creek  in  the  Santa 
Clara  Valley,  near  San  Fernando,  Cal.  The  type  specimen  remains  the  only  one  thus 
lar  collected,  bnt  the  H]>ecies  probably  ranges  over  much  of  the  Lower  Sonoran 
Di'surt  region  in  summer.  While  in  Vegas  Valley,  N«>v.,  I  was  told  by  the  Stuarts, 
tliu  owners  of  Vegas  Ranch,  that  a  very  large  bat  "  with  cars  like  a  jackass  and  a 
white  iitripe  on  each  shoulder"  is  abundant  at  that  place  in  the  summer,  but  does  not 
occur  in  spring  or  fall.  They  stated  that  it  had  not  yet  arrived  at  the  date  of  our 
visit,  May  1,  1891. 

Genus  CORYNORHINUS  H.  Allen. 

I8;{1.   I'livi'fim  Le  Conte,  McMurtrie's  Cuvier,  Animal  Kingdom,  I,  Ap]H3ndix.  p.  431 

(not  I'licotuH  (ie4irtroy  1818). 
IH6I.  Siinoliis  H.  Allen,  Mouogr.  N.  Am.  Hats,  p.  62  (not  Synotui  Keyserliug  &,  lilusius 

183!)). 
Isti5.  Cory iiorliiu lit  H.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  I'liila.,  p.  173. 
1S78.  I'lcrotiiH  Dobson,  ('atal.Chiroptera  IJrit.  Mun.,  ji.  177  (part). 
l<S<Kt.  CorynorhinuH  II.  Allen,  Mouogr.  Hats  N.  Am.,  p.  53. 

Tjiiw  xpecies. — Coryiiorhinus  macrotis  (Le  CJonte). 

Oeoiiraphiv  distribution. — Austral  zones  throughoutthe  United  States, 
and  iu  Mexico  south  at  least  to  Vera  Cruz.  Limits  of  range  impi*r 
Icctly  known. 

(icneric  characters. — Dental  formula: 


2-2  1-1 


2-2 


3-^ 


'•'m'   ^'"':^'''^'3-r 


36. 


*'3-3' 

Skull  ( Hg.  8,  p.  52)  .slender  and  highly  arched,  the  rostral  portion  relatively 
siuallcr  and  weaker  than  in  any  other  North  American  genus  of  the 
2772— No.  13 4 


I;' ,  !] 


50 


NORTH  AMERICAN  TAUNA. 


Ii:'||' 


family  (with  tlie  posHiblu  uxcuptioii  of  hJuderma,  the  oitly  known  Hkull 
of  wliich  iH  now  lost).  ICiirH  very  lon^,  (PI.  I,  iig.  0),  Joined  to(;utiier 
aero88  foirliitsid,  an<l  with  traguH  fruc,  froui  cxtunml  buHallobe.  Itvgion 
bctwciMi  oyu  and  nostril  occnpii'd  by  a  prominent  thickened  ridge  wliich 
terminates  in  a  conspiuuouH  tOub-Hhaited  enlargement  (fig.  7).  First 
phalanx  of  third  linger  shorter  than  second  (IM.  Ill,  tig.  2). 

(ieneml  ramarkH. — VorynorhinuH  ditfers  widely  from  the  other  known 
American  genera  of  Vespertilionuhv,  bnt  somewhat  eh)sely  resembles 
the  Old  World  I'levutus.    From  the  latter  it  is  separated  by  its  dili'er- 


Fio.  7.— Muzzles  of  (a)  Pleentun  nn(\  (h)  Cnrynorhitws  (y2). 

ently  formed  nostrils,  conspicmmsly  glandular  mn/xle,  and  differently 
proportioned  lingers  (Iig.  7,  and  PI.  Ill,  tigs.  1  and  2).  The  genus  is 
represented  by  one  species  which  may  be  divided  into  three  subspecies, 
differing  from  each  other  <!hietly  in  color.  All  of  these  occur  in  the 
United  States.  The  niaterial  by  which  this  genus  is  now  represented 
iu  collections  is  very  unsatisfactory. 

kKi  to  thk  si;!;.spE(jrES  ok  corynorhinus. 

F»r  everywhere  distinctly  bicolor mavroth  (p.  51) 

Fur  not  ilistinrtly  bifolor. 

Color  yellowish  gray pallencens  (p.  .52) 

Color  blackish  brown  town^endii  (p.  53) 


(M)IJYNOICHINU8    MACROTIS. 


51 


ir 


■Otis  (p.  r>i) 


i'OI.'VNnlflllNI'M  MA(;Ko'ns  (I-.)  ('onto).     lliKouriMl  Hut. 
is;il.  I'liioiuH  iiiitiiiiliM  l.o  (joiito,  MrMiirlriii's  Ciivior,  Aiiiiiiul  Kingdom,  I,  Apitmilix, 

\n:\'.  I'leiutuH  lironlii  Coiipt'i-,  Ann.  Lye.  Nut.  MM,.  N.  Y.,  IV,  p.  TJ.    (Niinm  iinipom'd 

iiH  !4iiliMt  itiit*'  for  itnnroliii.) 
iNil,  Sniiolim  iiiiirrDliH  II.  Allei:,  .Moiio^r.  N.  Am.  KatN,  p.  *kt. 
|S)i.*>.  t'itrifHorliiHUH  mairotiii  II.  Allt>n,  Proc.  A<-ik<I.  Nut.  S<!i.  riiiiii.,  p.  ITU. 
\s'Xi,  Cin'iiiiiirliittHH  mairuliH  II.  Alltm,  Muiio^^r.  BatH  N.  .\in.,  |>.  .*)"». 

/'///»*  loniliti/. — (H'oiKiii(.s«'o  l'r<M!.  Acad.  Nut.  Sci.  IMiila.,  l.sr>r»,  |i.  l.'U), 
|ir(ii):il)l,v  iH'iii-  tlu>  Lo  Coiitu  ritiutatioii,  'i  inilo.s  south  of  l{ici>boi-o. 

(Initiraithic  iliMtribution. — Lower  Austral  zone  in  the  eusturii  IJiiittid 
State.s. 

(iinrnil  vhnrdclerH. — Si/e  larye  (tbretirni  41  nini.  to  42  uiui.,  car  about 
\\'1)\  \'\w  evtMy where  distiiietly  bieoh>r;  general  eoh>r  yeUowish  bruwii. 

Kars. — The  ears  «»f  typieal  ('ori/norkiniiH  uiairotiH  <lo  not  appreciably 
(lill'er  from  tiiose  of  the  other  subspecies.  They  are  so  dilVerent  froui 
tlidsc  of  all  other  North  American  batH  as  scarcely  to  require  detailed 
tlfscriptioii.  Tiiey  may  be  ir.staiitly  recojfni/.ed  by  their  length,  much 
iiioie  than  half  that  of  forearm,  and  by  the  form  of  the  tragus.  This 
IS  siinplc,  with  a  large  basal  lobe,  and  wholly  free  from  the  auricle.  In 
HiKleiiiia  iiniriihidnn,  the  only  other  North  American  bat  with  ears 
apprMacliing  thost^  of  Corifnorhiutm  in  si/e,  the  tragus  is  joined  to  tlie 
external  basal  lobe. 

Mniihraiini, — The  membranes  are  broad  an<l  ample.  In  texture  they 
arc  remarkably  thin  and  delicate  lor  so  large  a  bat.  Wings  (IM.  ill, 
li}i. -)  attached  at  side  of  metatarsus  Just  beh>w  base  of  toes,  llro- 
pataginm  extemling  to  cxti-eme  tip  of  tail. 

I'Wt. — Tlu!  feet  are  slender,  less  than  half  as  long  as  tibia-,  and  armed 
with  strong  claws.  Calcar  a  little  shorter  than  tibia,  and  about  e(|ual 
t(i  free  bonier  of  interfemoral  mcMubrane.  it  is  without  vestige  of  keel 
(Ml  posterior  border.  The  termination  is  obscure  and  without  lobule. 
I'.ack  of  toes  sprinkled  with  long  bristly  hairs. 

/•'«/•  ami  color. — The  fur  is  soft  an«l  silky,  that  <»n  middle  of  back 
averaging  about  12  mm.  in  length.  In  distribution  it  shows  no  striking 
peculiarities.  It  extends  a  short  distance  on  the  dorsal  base  of  the  ear, 
Itiit  scarcely  reaches  the  wings  or  interfeuioral  nuunbrane. 

Hack  uniform  yellowish  brown,  nuu:li  as  in  Myotitt  InciftnfUK;  the 
hairs  everywhere  sepia  through  a  little  more  than  the  basal  half  and 
witli  very  indistinctly  pale  tips.  Belly  giayish  white;  throat  aud chest 
darker  and  more  tinged  with  yellowish.  Throughout  the  ventral  sur- 
lace  the  fur  is  very  sharjdy  bicolor,  the  dark  bases  of  the  hairs  consider- 
ably darker  than  on  the  back.  The  light  tips  are  too  short  wholly  to 
conceal  the  dark  under  fur.     Ears  an<l  membranes  light  brown. 

skull  and  teeth. — The  skull  (fig.  8)  aud  teeth  (tig.  9)  have  been  suffl- 
tiently  described  under  generic  characters.  An  adult  skull  from 
llounui,  La,  (  9  No.  4r).S94,  United  States  National  Museum,  Biological 
Survey  collection),  measures:  Greatest  length,  16;  zygomatic  breadth, 


52 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


I' 

iJE' 


i!r 


•J;  brc^ulth  of  io8tru;:«  at  jM>steri<n-  border  of  large  preiiiohir,  r> ;  iiiuii- 
dibU',  10/»;  iip^iier  Umth  row  (exclusive  of  :«u'isor.s),  "».li;   lower  ttMitli 
row,  <».8. 
MtasurtiHcut^. — See  table,  page  54. 

SptTcmens  cjamiiitt!. — Total  iminbcr,  9, 
from  the  tbllowiiig  lo<;alities: 

Alalmiiia:  (>r<!«ii8iior<>,  I  (nkin,  Mi-rriaiii  coll.). 

Kuiitiiiky:  Itowliiijr  (ircL-ii,  I. 

LuiiiHiitiiit:  lloniiiit,  i  (HkiiiN). 

MisHiHHi|t]ii :  Kiiy  St.  LmiiH,  1. 

S«)iitli  Carolina:  IIurilicvi!l(<,  1  (Hkiii.  .Millor 

coll. J. 
Vir^iiiiii;  iJiMiiial  >S\vaiii|i.  I  (Hkiii). 

(ienvral  rniutrkK. — Ty piiral  CorifHorhin hh 
nuufolin,  like  tbc  westt-iii  siibaperie.s,  isdis- 
tiiigtiisliable  at  a  glance  from  all  other  North 
Aiuericait  bats  by  its  generic  chara<;ters. 
Among  the  forms  of  Corynoriiinux  it  may  bo 
di.stiiigiii.shcd  by  its  coiispiiMiously  bicolored 
fur.  Tltr>  limits  of  this  animal's  range  are 
not  well  understood,  but  it  is  ])robably  a 
characteristic  speiies  of  the  Austroriparian 
fauna. 

COKYNORIIINIIS  MACkOTIS   I'ALLESCENS 

HIlltK]).    IIOV, 

IW>4.  SjiiioluM  loirnx'-Hili  II.  .Miiru,  Moiiojrr.  N.  Am. 

ItatM,  i>.  I>.'>(uut  I'ltruluH  toiruMvnili  i'()n\tnr,  IKil), 

IXJKi.  t'orifiiorhiiiux  lowimeniU  II.  All<ii,  Moiio^r.  Itatu  N.  Am.,  ji.  5H. 

Tyite  from  Keuin  Cafiuii,  Nuvitjo  County,  .\ri/.oiia.     Adult  9  (Hk.-Ti),  No.  •►.WIM,  I'.  .S. 

National  Muhviuii  ( itiolti^rical  Siirvoy  rollectiou).     Collect<Ml  AugiiBt3,  IH'M. 

by  Dr.   A.   K.   FiNhor.      CoIluctor'H  No.,  1715. 

Gf'Ojfraph »<•  dixtril/HtioH. — Probably  through 
o'ltthe  Austnil  /.ones  from  California,  Colorado, 
and  western  Texas  to  southern  Mexico. 

(jtiitrul  charavUrs. — Similar  to  typical  ma- 
irotMf  but  much  paler  in  color;  fur  nowhere 
distinctly  bicolor. 

Vvlnr. — Ilju'k  yellowi.sh  drab  gray,  becoming 
pater  ab<mt  head,  the  hairs  with  faintly  detined 
light  plumbeous  bases  and  faintly  darker  tips. 
lielly  dlightly  paler  than  back,  but  hairs  with 
out  distinctly  lighter  tips  and  with  darker 
basal  area  so  ill  detiuetl  as  to  be  scarcely  visible. 
light  brown. 

MeasurcmentM. — See  table,  page  64. 

Specimen*  txamiHctl. — Total  uuudK'r,  itO,  from  the  following  liH'alities: 

Arixuiia:  Fort  iliiacliiica,  2;  Ki-aiii  C'iiiyon,  I  (Hkiii). 
California:  Dul/ura,  1;  Uwuiui  Lake,  1;  OweUH  Valloy,  1. 


Flci.  8 Skulls  of    (a)    VunmnrhinuM 

lowntmdii  aiid  (b)  ''.  inacrotit  (  ■  'i). 


Fui.  9.— Ti"«itli  of  (a)  i'oiijniiiiii 
mix  luiiiinnilii  HUi\  (h)  C.ina 
riotin  (  •    r>). 

Ears  au<l  ntembranes 


CORYNORHINUS   MACUOTIR   TOWNSENDII. 


53 


Colorado:  Lariiiinr  Comity,  1  (Hkiii,  Millar  ci>U.)> 

Guaniijiiuto:  Suntn  liosa,  17. 

Mic-houciin:  rut/ciiaro,  1. 

Oaxacu:  Oaxuca,  1. 

San  LniH  I'otoHi :  Ilacieiula  La  I'arada,  1. 

Texan:  KaHt  ]'aiiit<Ml  ('av«,  1. 

rtah:  I. 

Xi'Tii  Vnv/.i  .lico,  1. 

(ieiwral  remarhs, — (Jori/nnrhinvs  marrofis  pfiHrttrcnfi  diffei  ^  from  true 
morroHs  in  its  inncli  ])al4>r,  more  iiniforin  <u»lorati<>ii.  vVliilo  this  form 
is  repr('s<Mit(><l  in  t\\v,  Natioiiul  Museum  by  niimerouH  .speciinens  in  alco- 
hiil,  tlie  siM'ics  of  HkinH  is  very  incomplete.  Hntil  tliia  H«>ri«'M  can  be 
yrcjUly  in<Mcrtscd  the  limits  of  distribution  of  tlie  subs;»»'cies  must 
remain  pnicly  a  matter  of  ronjecture. 

The  diflerences  in  form  of  the  inner  upper  incisor  which  have  been 
suppn.«ed  to  «li,stin<;uish  this  race  from  tru«^  macrottK^  api '~!ir  to  be 
incnnstiint.  \>'liile  the  few  specimens  of  typical  uincmtis  that  I  have 
seen  have  this  tooth  without  exception  bicuspidate,  western  spei-imens 
vary  <;;reatly.  In  a  series  from 
Sanf.i  Ikosa,  (iuanajuato,  both  ex- 
tremes are  repr«>sented,  while  sev- 
eral Hpecimens  are  with  ditliculty 
referred  to  one  or  the  other 
ifi«.  10). 

This  is  the   bai,   fo  which   Dr. 
Harrison    Allen    has  a])plie<l  the 
name  tointsemli.    Trui'^  totrnsemli,  however,  the  type  of  which  carnc 
Iron  the  (/olund>ia  Uiver.  is  the  «lark  northwest  coast  form. 


Fio.  10. — Ij«ff,  nppnr  Inrlsors  of  <'iirttni>rhiniiii  inn- 
rnidt  jialU'temii  fr  nil  Saiitii  IIohii,  Uuuui^jiiiihi, 
Mexico. 


CoUYNnKIIINl'S  MACKOTIS  TOWNSKNDM  (Coopor). 

\s'M.  I'hrotiis  toirnnniiUi  iUutpor,  Ann.  liV';.   Nat.  Hist.,  N.  Y.,  IV,  ji.  T.i.     (Coliiinliia 

K'iver.) 
\>*1X.  I'heolux  mrtcrotiH  DoliBon,  ("atal.  (iiiiojitora  Hiit.  Mum.,  ji.  1h((  (not  ririotun 

iHiirroliH  lie  Coiitc,  ISiU). 

Tifpe  lonilitii. — (Jolumbia  Kiver,  Oregon. 

ttvo'imithir  tiistrihi'tioH. — Mumid  (M»ast  district  of  Oregon,  VV^ashinji- 
toii,  a«id  sonthern  ilritish  ('obnnbia. 

ihunutl t'ltarnvterx. — Himilar  t4)  typical  nuurotin,  but  nuu^h darker;  fur 
nowhere  distinctly  bicohu'. 

Color. — r.aek  uniform  dark  brown,  the  hairs  indistincrtly  lifnt  plum- 
Immmis  at  base,  and  very  faintly  tipped  witli  yellowish,  i-e'iydark 
Im'owii,  the  hairs  li{;ht  pluuibeims  at  base.  Kars  and  niendu'aiu>!S 
Ithu-kisli. 

Mrnsurementx, — See  table,  pafje  54. 

SfHvimeufi  rriimiiieil. — Total  i; umber,  .*h  from  the  followinj;  localities: 

llritiHli  Coliunliia:  Coniox,  1  (Hl<in). 
Orcijiir. :  Croiiwoll,  1;  (}ol«l  Hi-arli,  1, 


'ir.  Allin,  Monour.  HatH  N.  Am.,  p.  5K,  ISjIS. 


B*  ' 


54 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


i^ 


mi 

|3J  '^ 


u 


plf, 


General  renutrkM. — Corynorhiniis  marrotiit  toinixcmlii  is  the  dark  north- 
west coast  representative  of  the  species.  In  coloration  it  bears  a  close 
resemblance  to  the  other  bats  peculiar  to  the  same  re<;ion.  It  is  so 
different  in  {general  ap^iettrance  from  macrotis  and  imUexctnx  that  it 
needs  no  special  comparison  with  them.  More  material  is  necessary 
before  the  exiict  relationsliip  of  this  form  to  the  others  can  1>e  determined. 

While  this  is  the  true  tmrnseiuVn  of  Cooper,  it  is  not  tlie  ba*^  to  which 
Harrison  Allen  has  applied  the  name.  The  latter  is  (  .  hiarmtix  juil- 
lenceng.  It  was  on  a  8i>ecimen  of  this  form  from  Vancouver  Island  tliat 
Dobson  based  his  description  of '  PlevotuH^  iitacrotis  in  the  Catalogue  of 
Chiroptera  in  the  British  Museum. 

Arrragv  me*t»Hrementii  of  xuhaptcitH  of  fortftiurhhiiiy. 


SullitpM'it^Ji. 


l.<M'alitv. 


H     :  r- 


maerotU . 


paHfurrn* . 


.21 


Smith  Carolina :  Hanipevilli> 1  I9     I !  ■■ 

Kentucky:  Bowliii-;  I  irct'ii 1 V      105     52 

lA>ni8i:iiia:  Hoiiniii 499  KMt     48.521.5 

Ari7.oiia :  Kraiii  C;inyoii 

Fort  Hiiurliiira 


u      —      - 


41       7.4 
43.4'  7 


19' 


1115 
9.1 


41) 
45 


9.4  41.,-.    T.5 
211.  fi   !).t>42  fi   6 
lit       0      fi 


T.1I 
77  :e  23 
T;i  32  . . 
7fi ,.. 


L.I. 


14 


7I3.T4  2I.4  14.6 


toirnnrmlii . 


Colonuln:  (.iirimer  )'<>uiity !  19      Jl.O  9.  (144      7 

Texaa:  K;i8t  rainto<l  Cave 1,^ 

< t iianajuatn :  Snnta  Koaa in 

KritUli  Cnliiii  lii.i :  ('>.iuos 1  ,^ 

On-i!oii :  tliilil  I'M-ai'li 19 

Creawrll 19 


I 


SM)      4r>      21        9.041  .■> 

99.:t4«.  1  20        9     41.9  B.6 

21.4  10     42  6.B 

10.-.     .Il      22        9.4  44  7 


I 


73  :U      2"      14.6 
77:B.»a7l2.7 
7«    ...  ....'... 

»>:0     24     ir. 


I 


I'l^r'f'i" 


'  ryi^-. 

Subfamily   VESPERTI  LION  I  N^E. 

This  subfamily  contains  the  great  majority  of  North  American  IV*- 
pertiliouiihr.  Thos«' <»f  its  members  that  occur  in  the  region  in  «|:ie.s- 
Mou  may  be  known  by  tlieir  simple  mu/./lcs  and  nostrils,  separate  i-ars, 
a.,    le  interfemond  membranes,  and  six  incisors  in  the  lower  Jaw. 

KKV  TO  (JKXKK.V  OK  VKSI'KKTIMONIX.K  (MCIIMMXC    IX    A.M  KIMf  A    XoKTll  .»K 

TAX  A  MA. 

I  r.atu-<l  iin  (li-iilul  cliariK'ti'rs  i>iily.| 

ITppoT  iiirisors  2. 

I'|>|)fr  jticniolani  2. 

MitiiililMilHr  tontli-rnw  li.itro  th»ii  S  nun lUttiipUru*  y\\.  115) 

Mauililtiilar  tooth-mw  li-ss  than  7  mm. 

Third  lower  incisor  iniu-h  mnnlh-i'  tlv.ii  Hi>i-onil  nr  lirst ..  i:hiHjei'»»n  (p.  \'2'2\ 

TliirtI  lower  inrJHiir  ul>!>iit  oiinal  to  Ni>ron<l  or  liiNt SjfiticriHK  (ji.  llSi 

Upper  pn-molars  4 Lntiurtu  (p.  105) 

llpi»er  incisors  4. 

IJpiMT  pn-niolan  2 l'e»i>rrtilio  (p.  !0) 

Upper  preniolara  more  than  2. 
Upper  preinohirx  4. 

I.Kiwer  premolars  I l'ipi»lrtVmt  (p.  H7> 

Lower  pn-molars  <» l.axionftrieri*  (p.  >Ot 

Up|>er  premolars  6 Mi/oiia  t  p.  55) 


MYOT18. 


55 


1829. 
1829. 

1839. 


1841. 


lK>ti 


Fin.  11. — Sknllii  of  (a)  Sfiiotit  wyntiii,  (h)  if.  th>itanode»,  and  (e) 
.W.  iiiiirienim  (  •  '_'). 


185«; 
mu. 


Genus  MYOTIS  Kaup. 

ilyotia  Kanp,  Skizzirte  Kntw.-GeHch.  n.  Natiirl.  Syst.  <1.  Enrop.  Tliicrw.,  I,  p. 

106.     Type  I'fsperlilio  mHriHus  Hchrehtir  (not  V,  muriuus  lAnu.). 
yt/stactes  Kaup,  Skizzirte  Eutw.-Geach.  ii.  Natiirl.  Syst.  <1.  Europ.  Tbierw.,  I,  p. 
108.     Type    f'espertilio 
lechtteinii  Leisler. 
I'vupertiliu  Keyserling  •& 
Itlii8iiis,     Wit'giiiniiira 
Aicliiv  f.  Natiirgest-h., 
r>t«T  .laliTg.,  Bd.  1,  p. 
;iO»»  (not  reHperlilio 
I.i.'itiii'iiH,  17.">8). 
Selyaiiis  Hoiiapart«>,  Ic<m- 
ogratia  Fauna  Italica, 
I,  IntrcMlii/ioiie  []i.  3]. 
'I'ypo  rpgperlilio  mi/ttta- 
riHHs  Li'JHler. 
llrnvhyotHt  Kolenati,  All- 
gein.   Dontscli.   Natnr- 
liist.   Zoitg.,  Dresden, 
Neno    F«»lgc.    II.    pp. 

131,  171-177.     ItaNPd  on  the  8iM»<ie,s  miiftachiiiM,  daiibviitonii,  and  dnHijviieme. 
IboIhs  Kolcnuti,  Allgeni.  D«MitHcli.  Natnrliist.  Z«'it};.,  llirsden,  Nem*  Folge,  II. 

l)p.  LSI,  177-179.     Inclndi-d  the  Hp«-<-it'H  uattereri  iind  vmanjiiiatuH. 
I'mperlilio  II.  .\ll<>n.  Moniigr.  N.  .\ni.  ItatH.  p.  4ti.     (Not  renperlilio  I.inn.,  H.'iX.) 
Jforrft/f*  Fitziiig«T,  Sitznngslier.  Math. -Nat.  CI.   K.  .Vka<l.  WIsh..  Wirn,  l,.\II, 

Alitli.  I.  ]ip.  lL'7-i:<i).     IncliKl)  il  tho 
KpericR  villiHiiBximHn,  rt/fcc*n»»<,    anil 
tiit/ricaiix, 
1X70.  ('omanteis   Fit/.iiiKei'.     Si  t/ u  iigshiT. 
Math.-N.it.    (I.     K.    Akui.    Wiss., 
Willi,   l..\ll,   Alitli.  I.  J)]..  r>«C.-.".79. 
(IiirlndiMl     raj.iiirrinii,      mKintpitiliH', 
diiiiivnemv  a'lil  Uiinio)thilitH.) 
1H7H.    VeitpertiHo  Dolmoi       atal.   Chiropti-ra 
Brit.  Mim.,  p.  iVM    i  not    I'egperlUio 
Linna'iiH  I75S). 
IW3,    leHpertilio  II.  Alh'n.  Monour.  r..ii.s  N. 
Ani,,|i.  70.      (Not    I'ltpertilii)  Linn.. 
18.'>8). 

Typr  sprcu'n. — Mifotis  viifoiis  (Mot'li- 
8t4'iii)=  VrMprrtilio  vinriniis  Sclin'hei" 
et  A  net.,  HOC  LiiiiL 

Uvnijraph'u  'nstfihution. — Teinper- 
atc  and  tropical  parts  of  botli  Iiniiis 

pln'lt'8. 

(inuriv  characUrH. — Duiitul  form- 
ulsi  : 

Kki  12.    .Sknlliiof  ((I)  Jfi/<>/i«ni>/rt>»tn*.  (ft)  Jf.  2-2  1-1  3-.'?  3-.3 

It'nnnrkM. — The  North  Aiiieru'^ii  meiiibors  of  tlu!  jfoiiiiH  Mf/«>tis  iire  all 
small,  tleltvately  foriui-d  baUt,  which,  suiidu  from  their  dental  formula, 


i* 


I 


|i*:    : 


;•>   ' 


i 


m 

In  ft 

It  ^ 


56  NOuTH  AMERICAN   FAUNA. 

sharea  by  no  otlier  Amei^ean  genus  of  Vespertilionida;  arc  n^iiually 
recognizable  by  their  slender  forms,  long  lails,  hairy^aces,  narrow  cars, 
and  ta])ering,  straight,  or  recarved  tragi.  As  I  have  had  no  oi){)ortu- 
nity  to  study  any  of  the  Old  World  spet-ies  except  3/.  myotis,  I  can 
make  no  attempt  to  define  the  genus  in  detail,  but  the  dental  formula, 
coui)led  with  the  characters  of  the  family,  is  sufficient  to  distinguish 
the  genus  among  American  bats.  The  species  of  Myotin  differ  greatly 
among  themselves,  esiM'cially  in  size  <see  tigs.  11  and  12).  It  may 
eventually  prove  necessary  to  divide  the  genus  into  two  or  more  sub- 
genera. 

KEY  TO  NORTH  AlIBRICAX  FOKMS  «IK  MYOTIS. 

Fre»'  bonier  of  nropatagiiiiii  conspiraonslr  fringe«l Ihyganothn  (p.  80) 

Fn;e  liordtT  of  iiropatitginiii  mtt  conspiciionsly  friogetl. 
Foronrm  luore  tlian  40  mm. 

Kar  when  luiil  forward  extending  barrly  lieyond  nostril relifer  (p. 'tfi) 

Kar  wbun  laid  forward  extending  7  U>  10  mm.  beyontl  noHtril irotin  ( ]>.  77) 

Forearm  le.s8  than  40  mm. 

Kar  when  laid  forward  fxtenflins  7  to  10  mm.  Iieynml  mmtril irotia  (]t.  77) 

Kar  when  laid  forward  extendin-;  le^  than  (i  mm.  beyond  nostril. 

Fur  on  back  not  distinctly  birolor tiitiricaua  (p.  71) 

Fnr  on  bac^k  distinctly  bicolor. 
(iencral  color  whitish  gray. 

Foot  8  to  10  mm ifiimanenfiiii  (p.  fi6) 

Foots  to  7  mm eiUolahrum  (i».  72) 

Ciencrnl  color  never  whitish  gray. 
Forearm  30  to  35  mm. 

( 'olor  light  yellowish  gray cali/ortikus  ( j».  (?!•) 

Cobir  yellowish  brown. 

Forearm  31  to  'XX  mm .raiiriniis  (\t.T2) 

Forearm  32  t<>  3t>  mm mexicanim  (p.  73) 

Forearm  '.U  to  40  mm. 

Tiliia  less  than  15mm naUtratiiH  (p. tW) 

Tibia  15  to  19  mm. 

Kur  and  tragns  slemler,  the  lattt-r  9  mm.  or  more  in  Icngt'*. 

(Jolor  light  brown sihuilatiiH  ( p.  75) 

Color  blackish keeiiii  (p. 77) 

Ear  and  tragns  short  and  broad,  the  latt4>r  X  mm.  or  less  in  length. 

Tibia  17.5  to  2»)  nmi hngicnia  ( p.  04 ) 

Tibia  15  to  17  mm. 

Kar  12  to  11  mm ^>icifii;ii4ii  ( p.  50) 

Ear  14  to  Ifi  mm aln»crnsit)  (p.  (Ki) 

MYOTl.**  VHI.IFEK  (.1.  A.  -Mien). 

1890.    I'eapertiUo  relifer .}.  A.  Allen.  KuU.  .4m.  Mns.  Nat.  HiHt..  N.  Y.  III.  p.  177.  Dec.  10, 

1890. 
im\.   letpiTliUo  ini-atilHi  J.  A.  Allen.  Hall.  Am.  Mns.  Nat.  Hist..  N.  Y.,  VIII,  p.  239,  Nov. 

21, 1890.     (Texas.) 

Type  lovaUty. — Santa  Cruz  del  ITalle,  near  Guadalajara,  .Inlisco, 
Mexico. 

deoffraphie  distributioH. — Near  Itonler  line  l)etween  upper  and  lower 
Sonoran  zones  from  Missouri  and  Indian  Territory  south  to  Hidalgo, 
northern  Michoacaiiy  and  the  City  of  Mexico. 


MYOTIS    VELIFER. 


57 


Genera]  charnrierH, — Largest  species  of  Myotin  known  to  occur  in 
Mexico  or  the  United  States.  Length  DO  to  lor>,  forearm  40  to  47. 
<  jilcar  slender,  without  well  developed  lobe.  Free  border  of  uropata- 
gium  naked.    Ears  short,  reaching  tip  of  nose.    Wings  from  metatarsus. 

Earg. — The  ears  are  short  and  pointed;  laid  forward  they  i-each  to  or 
just  l>eyond  nostril.  Auricle  concave  on  both  sides  inimcdiately  below 
the  narrowly  roun<letl  off  tap  (most  strongly  so  on  the  iwsterior  border). 
Anti-rior  bonier  straight  or  vory  slightly  convex  through  the  basal  two- 
thirds  of  its  length,  then  concave  or  almost  straight  to  tip;  posterior 
Itordcr  strongly  concave  directly  below  tip,  then  still  more  strongly  con- 
v«'X  to  basal  notch,  the  widest  part  of  the  ear  at  alxMit  mid  height.  Basal 
notch  well  d«  lined,  isolating  a  ]>romincnt  basal  lobe,  which  is  slightly 
uotrheil  on  the  lower  side  and  joins  the  side  of  the  face  in  a  line  which 
if  continued  would  coincide  with  the  margin  of  the  upi)er  lip. 

Tnigns  niodeiately  long  and  broad,  the  anterior  <dge  straight  or  very 
slightly  convex  to-.vnrd  the  tip;  posterior  border  with  a  well  developed 
lolw  iit  base;  Just  above  the  lobe  the  tragus  attains  its  greatest  widbli; 
thr  two  borders  are  usually  parallel  for  a  short  ilistance,  after  which 
the  i>«»steri«n"  border  bends  rapidly  forward  to  the  ti|>,  below  which  it 
may  be  either  straight  or  very  slightly  concave. 

Mrmhrams. — The  membranes  are,  for  an  American  Myotis,  rather 
thi«k  ami  opaque.  The  uropatagium  is  sparsely  haired  both  dor 
sally  and  ventrally  on  its  proximal  fourth;  the  free  border,  which  is 
distimtly  shorter  than  the  calcar,  wholly  naked.  Wing  from  i>oint 
U'tween  ankle  and  base  of  toes,  but  nearer  t)ie«latter.  When  drawn 
:iway  iM*rpendicnlarly  from  the  leg,  the  wing  appears  to  be  atta(;hed  to 
tli«'  ankh'. 

Fni. — Feet  ( IM.  IT,  tig.  0)  large  and  strong,  half  as  long  as  tibia-.    Toes 
iwit'iout  claws)  slightly  longer  than  sole,  scarcely  united  by  membrane 
;it  ••\frcme  base,  all  sprinkled  with  long,  stitf  hairs.    Calcar  long,  slen 
fl«  r.  usually  terminating  indistinctly,  but  sometimes  with  a  more  or  leas 
\v«"ll  defined  lobule  at  tip. 

Fur  and  color. — There  is  nothing  jtecniliar  <ibouc  the  distribution  of 
tlu'  fur  to  distinguish  this  bat  from  other  American  members  of  the 
•_'eiiU8. 

In  color  the  fur  is  d''!I  sepia  throughout,  paler  on  the  belly,  the  hairs 
••\ rry where  dusky  s'r.te  at  base.  Individual  variation  is  trilling  and 
is  nuistly  confined  t.)  the  belly.  This  is  usually  dull  broccoli  brown, 
lint  in  some  s])ecimens  by  admixture  of  yellow  it  Ihtouh's  more  nearly 
isalM'llii  <'olor. 

Sf:ull. — Skull  stronger  and  more  heavily  built  than  in  any  other 
.Vi/'»/f«  found  in  Mexico  or  the  United  States,  but  not  a<'tually  larger 
tha!!  that  of  .1/.  thymnoikx.  (Ireatcst  length  ('»  specimens)  \\\  to  10.4; 
/ygoniatij'  breadth,  10  to  11;  interorbit.il  <onstriction,  4  to  4.2;  width 
of  rostrn.rii  at  anterior  root  of  m  1,  (J  to  O.'J;  length  of  nmndible,  VI  to 
13.     When  viewed  from  above,  the  brain  case  is  subcircular  in  outline 


58 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


u 


i* 


l'i\ 


11^^ 


ii* 


bnt  truncate  posteriorly  and  slightly  longer  than  broad.  Forehead 
ino^lerately  elevated  above  inuzKle;  occi|>ut  bigh  and  com  pressed,  with 
well  develoi)ed  ridges.  Distance  from  posterior  border  of  last  upi)er 
molar  to  tip  of  hamular  equal  to  or  less  than  distance  between  alveoli 
of  posterior  molars. 

Teeth. — Upper  ineisiors  diverging  at  tips,  the  inner  tooth  of  each  pair 
much  the  larger.  First  and  second  premolitrs  in  the  tooth  row  or 
second  displaced  slightly  inward  and  partly  concealed  by  the  anterior 
etige  of  the  third,  the  relative  size  of  the  two  teeth  variable,  but  first 
always  the  larger.  Tlie  second  premolar  is  always  much  shorter  than 
the  first,  but  the  cross  section  of  the  crown  is  sometimes  ne;u-ly  espial 
in  the  two  teeth.  On  the  other  hand,  in  rai-e  Ciu«es  the  area  of  cross  sec- 
tion in  the  first  is  nearly  double  that  of  the  second.  Third  up|)er  pre- 
molar triangular  in  outline,  posterior  margin  Umgest.  the  outer  margin 
abruptly  convex  anteriorly,  the  anterior  and  posterior  Imrders  slightly 
concave;  inner  apex  of  triangle  bluntly  rounded  and  not  rejicliing  to 
level  of  inner  margins  of  molars.  Crowns  of  first  and  second  up|>er 
molars  trapexiform  in  outline,  the  anteriin*  edge  longest,  and  the  ]>oste- 
rior,  outer,  and  inner  edges  successively  shorter.  Anterior  edge  slightly 
convex,  posterior  edge  slightly  con<'ave.  Crown  of  first  molar  consiil- 
erably  shorter  in  ])roportion  to  its  width  than  second  (fig.  14  J,  p.  Gl). 
Inner  mandibular  incisors  smallest,  their  crowns  compressed  and  trifid; 
middle  incisors  similar  but  larger;  outer  incisors  aliout  as  large  as  the 
two  others  together,  their  crowns  irregularly  terete,  and  with  f<»ur  indis- 
tinctly developed  tubwcles,  one  of  which  is  much  larger  than  the  others. 
First  and  second  premolars  i)erfectly  in  line,  the  first  considerably  larger 
than  the  second,  though  not  much  wider  in  cross  section.  Third  pre- 
molar as  broad  as  long,  trapeziform,  the  |)osterior  margin  longest. 

MeoMHrementH. — In  the  following  table  average  measurements  are 
given  of  20  specimens  of  Myntin  rclifer  from  six  localities. 


Arernge  vieanurcmenlx  of  20  sitrcimeiin  of  MijoUk  relifrr  from  '!  htc<xWie». 


I 


I^imlitv. 


y^ 


Mifli<Hu-aii:  Pat/.nmro 5  9!) 

UiilalKo:  Tiilaiiiingo |  3  Vf} 

Mi\iro:  Ixtii|>alii|i» |  1^  "M 

Arizona:  Stin  Ih'riianliiioltnncli  j  4  DR. 8 

Trxaa:  SiUi  Antnnio I '  95. 2 

San  Antniiio    4  '.K{.  It 

M  iaiwuri :  )larl)l«  C:tvu {  :i  9;i.  A 

I 


V 

a 

w 

b    . 

?:£ 

U 

^ 

7  V 

'3 

a 
1 

z 

3 

~ 

3 

H 

H 

rl< 

\^ 

r" 

>4 

44.8 

1«.5 

9.5 

45 

7.2 

73.4  ' 

42 

18.3 

8.!t 

4:1. « 

7.2 

71. 3 

40 

17. « 

h.6 

42 

S.4 

71 

42 

10.5 

9 

41.5 

6.4 

6D 

44.4 

18 

8.4 

43 

7 

B2 

41.  :i 

18.1 

9.:i 

43 

5.9 

67 

:;ii.  6 

1T.» 

U.8 

42. « 

1 

69.3 

t*  ^  s 

16         10.6  9 
in.  I      10. 3  S.  5 
1.V  4      II  9 
7.8 

15.6     lU.  I  i  8.1 


■Typo  of  'intautu*.' 


MYOTIS    LUCIFIIGUS. 


59 


tSpcrimcns  examined. — Total  number  46,  from  the  following  localities: 

Arizona:  Siiii  Hernarilino  Kancli  (Mouuiuent  77,  Mox.  Kouud.  Liue), 5  (akiiis). 

tli(lal;;u:  Tiilaucintr",  4  (1  skin). 

Imliun  Territory  :  Fort  Reno,  3. 

Jalisco:  Onatlalajara,  2(r<kin8,  MerriaiiiC'oII.);  Santa  Crn/  del  Valle,  3  (skins, 

Am.  Mns.  Nat.  II- it.);  Hacienda  San  Mareos,  Tonila,  1  (skin,  Am.  Muh. 

Nat.  Mist.). 
Mexii'o:  Lernia,  1;  Ixtapalapa,  1;  City  of  Mexico,  1  (skin). 
Miclioacan:  I'at/cnaro,  11  (H  skins). 
MisHoiiri:  Marble  Cavn,  Stone  County,  3. 
.San  LuIh  I'otosi :  .Miiialnlco,  1. 
Ttsxas:  Month  of  I'ecoH  RivtT.    I;    Nt-w  Uraunfels,  1;  San  Antonio,  4  (skins, 

Am.  Mns.  Nat.  IliMt.,  inclntlin;;  type  of  '  iNcuoddt'). 
Vera  Crn/. :  Las  Vij^.is,  1. 

(hneraJ  remarks. — Tlirough  tlie  kindness  of  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen,  1  have 
l)eeii  al>le  t<»  exaniin**  two  of  the  original  .specinjens  of  Myntix  rclifcr 
from  Santa  Cruz  del  Valle,  Guatlalajara,  .lalisco,  and  four  specimens 
(inclndiiig  the  type)  of  '  Vt'sperlilio  inrautnK^  from  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
.Vttor  comparing  tlie  specimens  of  '^iurauttix''  with  seven  M.  reli/er 
from  various  parts  of  Mexico,  I  can  find  no  ciiaracters  to  separate  the 
two  even  subspecili(;ally.  in  si/c  as  well  as  in  cranial  and  d<>ntal 
(•hara«'tcrs  they  agree  perfe<:tly,  while  the  diHerence  in  color  is  too 
sli^lit  to  be  described  by  words.  As  the  sp«'cimens  from  Me.xico  were 
iill  taken  in  midsummer  and  those  from  Texas  were  killed  in  t)<!tober 
tJH^  variation  in  color  is  probably  .seiisonal. 

The  large  size  of  this  bat  distingui.shes  it  at  a  glance  from  all  other 
iMexi<'an  or  United  States  species  except  .1/.  thjinanoilcM.  Vnnu  tlie  latter 
the  darker  color,  slend<'r  calcar,  naked  frceborder  of  interfemoral  mem- 
brane, and  shorter  ears  and  tragus  separate  it  without  dillicnlty. 

Ml/Otis  jv'/Z/W,  while  totally  different  from  all  other  bats  found  in 
.Mexico  or  the  I'nited  States,  is  doubtfully  distinct  from  the  South 
American  M.  albescens.  Mr.  Oldiiehl  Thonnis,  who  has  compared  for 
me  specintens  of  the  former  with  the  alheseeiis  in  the  British  Museum 
so  natned  by  Dob.son  after  examination  of  the  type,  writes  that  M.  rel- 
ifir  and  .1/.  (ilhescens  are  practically  identical.  It  is  best,  however,  to 
ictaiii  the  nanu;  rrli/er  for  the  bat  o<'(Mn  ring  in  lMexi<;o  and  the  ITnited 
States  until  the  South  American  species  has  been  positively  identilied. 

Dr.  Harrison  Allen  refers  to  this  bat  in  his  recent  ir.otiograpli  as 

\'<si)ertilio  alhtsreus    reli/er.     I'lider   tiu'  same   name  iie   mentions   a 

siMM'imen  of  ,1/.  Ihtjsan'ules  from  'Dalyura*  (  =  l>ulzura),  Cal.;  while  the 

Texan  specimens  of  reli/er  iu  the  lUological  Survey  collection  he  has 

lal>eled  '  W  alheseens.*^ 

MYOTIS  I, lICIKl'<iUS  (Lo  Conte).      I.itf    Brown  TJat. 

1K!1 .   Vi'Hpirtilio  Iticifiijius  LeConte,  McMnrtrie's  Cavi<T,  Animal  Kingdom,  I,  Append., 

p. 431.    (i^oniho/ti  (Jeorgia.) 
lx.".t!.    f'isperlilio  HiihiilatuH  I.o  Cento,  Proc.  Acad.  f'at.  Sci.T'hila.  (18r>l-or»),  p.  435. 
ixtil.    leHpertilio  ajfiiiiit  If.  .\llen.  Mono^r.  X.  Am.  I  ats.  p..')3. 
18(il.    I'eaperlilio  liivifiigiia  II.  Allen,  Mono^r.  N.  Ant  I  tuts,  p.  .'>5. 


60 


NORTH    AMRRICAN    PAtlNA. 


II 


i 


s 


m 


n 


u< 


I 


1X78.   Vegpertilio  mrolii  DoUhuii,  Catal.  Cbiroptera  lirit.  Miih.,  p.  325. 

1893.  Vesptrtilio  grypkua  Var.    (a)   I'eipertilio  grgpku$  luei/uguB  H.  Allen,  Monogr 

nat8N.Ain.,p.  7K. 
1893.    Vetperlilio  albeacent  affiniit  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  Bats  \.  Am.,  p.  93. 
1897.    Vespertilio  liicifugua  aiiHtioripariim  Khuads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  8ci.  Pbila.,  p.  227, 

May  Iti'Jl.    (Tarpon  Springs,  Florida.) 

Type  locality, — Georgia,  probably  soutliorn  liiberty  County. 
(h'ographic  dixtrihution. — Tlie  whole  of  North  America  north  of  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  Tnited  Stsitcs,  except  in  the  Itocky  Moun- 
tains and  on    the  Pacific  <-oaKt  of  California,  Oregon,  Washington 
British  (Jolumbia,  and  southern  Alaska. 

General  vharacterH. — Size  medium;  length  80  to  fX);  forearm  .'{<»  to 
40;  tibia  14.0  to  10.6.  Calcar  slender,  indistinct,  about  equal  in  length 
to  free  border  of  uropatagium,  usually  terminating  iii  a  faintly  indicated 

lobule;  keel  very  slightly  d«'veloped,  if 
at  all.  Free  border  of  uropatagium 
naked.  Kara  short,  laid  forward  they 
reach  about  to  nostril. 

Ears. — The  ears  (flg.  !.'{,  c)  are  .short 
and  ]ioint('d,  reaching  when  laid  forward 
barely  to  tip  of  nose.  The  anterior  bor- 
der is  straight  from  base  through  lower 
third,  then  for  a  short  distance  strongly 
convex,  and  finally  straight  to  narrowly 
roundedott'tip.  Posterior  border  gently 
concave  from  Just  below  tip  to  about 
middle,  where  it  becomes  convex  and 
continues  so  to  basal  notch.  Ba.sal 
notch  moderately  developed,  isolating 
a  broii'i  i)ut  not  conspicuous  basal  lobe. 
Tragus  short,  blunt,  bent  slightly 
forward.  Anterior  b<nder  straight  or 
slightly  coin!ave  from  base  to  tip.  Pos- 
terior border  straight  or  slightly  con- 
vex immediately  below  tip,  then  more 
strongly  convex  to  notch  above  large  and  promiiu'ut  basal  lobe.  Greatest 
width  of  tragus  through  basal  lobe  or  at  about  middle  height,  aecord- 
ing  to  convexity  of  imsterior  iMirder. 

MemhraveH. — Membraiies  rather  thick  and  leathery,  entirely  naked 
except  where  fur  of  body  extends  in  a  narrow  line  at  the  base  of  the 
wings  and  uropatagium.  t)n  the  latter  the  fur  occupies  about  the 
basal  fourth  on  the  dorsal  side,  rather  less  ventrally.  The  wings  are 
attached  at  the  base  of  the  toes. 

Feet.—Tha  feet  are  large  and  strong,  slightly  more  than  half  length 
of  tibiie.  Toes  longer  thun  sole.  Joined  by  membrane  at  base  to  a 
point  slightly  beyond  middle  of  proximal  phalanges.  The  membrane 
extends  farther  on  first  digit  than  on  tilth. 


Fki.  13 B«r  of  (a)  MyotU  mbftlatii*,   {!>) 

M.  krenii,   (e)  31.  bitifiKjvi,  and  ((()  M. 
alasem'in  (  ■'!). 


MYOTIS   LUCIFUGirS. 


61 


Fur  and  color. — The  distribution  of  the  fur  in  MyoiiH  htei/uf/us  is  in 
no  way  peculiar.  The  hiiirs  are  iiverywiiere  dusky  shUu  at  bane, 
(ieneral  cohir  dull  brown  with  a  di8tin<;t  gloss  in  certain  lights,  the 
ventral  8urfiu;e  paler  and  more  yellowisli.  The  exiust  shtules  are  vari- 
able. Thus  in  three  s|>eciniens  taken  at  Washingtiui,  1).  C,  in  flune, 
the  color  of  the  back  is  respectively  wood  brown,  raw  umber,  and 
sepia,  the  belly  in  each  pale  wood  brown  tinged  to  a  varying  degree 
with  gray.  In  the  majority  of  individuals  the  color  tends  towsird 
sei>ia.  Seven  skins  from  Elk  liiver,  Minn.,  and  three  from  Kadiak 
Island,  Alaska,  are  indistinguishable  in  color  from  those  taken  at 
VViishington.     Ears  and  membranes  light  itrown. 

UkuU. — The  skull  of  Myotis  luci/uyun  is  characterized  by  the  broad 


Fig.  14. — Teeth  of  (a)  MyittUyvmanetiHii.  (b)  M.  lueifwiui,  (r)  M.  luci/vijiis  Um-jierui,  at'A 

(il)  M.  rili/er  ( ,■    5>. 

nni/zle  and  palate  and  gradually  sloping  forehead.  In  most  specimens 
the  face  'ine  begins  to  rise  almost  from  the  tip  of  the  muzzle;  in  others, 
however,  there  is  a  short  tiat  area  back  of  the  na.sal  opening.  The 
Itrain  case  is  broad  and  intlatfd  at  the  back,  less  so  in  front,  produc- 
ing in  nniny  individuals  a  wedge-shaped  outline.  I)istan(;e  from  ik).s- 
terior  molar  to  tip  of  hamular  less  than  distance  between  posterior 
molars. 

The  skull  of  MyoHs  ludfnguH  differs  from  that  of  M.  Huhnlatns  in  its 
slightly  smaller  size,  broader  palate  and  muzzle,  and  less  abruptly 
elevated  face  line. 

Tiee/A.— Upper  incisors  diverging  at  tips  (fig.  lAb).  CroMm  of  first 
bicuspidate,  and,  when  viewed  from  below,  nearly  rectangular  and 


III]!:; 


62 


NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA, 


l!' 


1^ 


(.1 


m 


11 


hi 


■JiJ: 


about  twice  iih  long  uh  broad.  Laif^or  cusp  placed  at  oxtroinn  anterior 
end;  tliu  sn)aller  one  on  the  inner  ed;>e  near  posterior  border.  Orown 
of  Hecond  ineisor  8ubtereto,  nnicuHpidate.  Crown  of  Hrst  premolar 
loDjjer  than  second  when  viewed  from  the  side,  slijihtly  lary:er,  or  in 
rare  cases  very  much  larjjer  tlnr.i  the  latter  in  ci-oss  section;  the  two 
tcetli  in  line,  or  second  slightly  displaced  inward.  There  is  nothing' 
charaiiteristic  in  the  torni  of  the  third  |iremolar  or  of  the  molars. 
Maxillary  incisors  as  usual  in  the  genus,  the  middle  pair  and  the  next 
coni))rcsKed  and  trilid,  the  outer  much  lar^^er  and  snbterete.  First 
nui.xillary  premolar  with  crown  longer  than  the  second  when  viewed 
from  the  sidM,  an<l  one  fourth  to  one  third  larger  in  cross  section;  the 
tw«)  teeth  perfectly  in  line,  or  se(;ond  slightlj' <lisplaced  inward.  Third 
premolar  subquadrate,  nearly  as  broad  as  long.  The  lower  molars 
show  no  distinctive  characters. 

As  compared  with  M.  suhulatiis,  the  species  with  which  it  is  most 
likely  to  be  confused,  Mijutis  litci/u<fi(x  shows  numcions  ditVcreiices  in 
dental  characters.  The  tooth  row,  as  a  whole,  is  shorter,  and  the  indi- 
vidual teeth  relatively  sandier.  The  lirst  and  second  premolars  in  each 
jaw  are  actually  snniller,  and  in  most  specimens  more  nearly  c(|nal  in 
sixe  in  cross  section.  In_il/.  >iuhi(lntus  the  premolars  are  so  lariLyiliat  the 
seiioud  is  often  crowded  inward  from  the  tooth  row,  a  condition  rarely 
seen  in  M.  luvifwjvH.  The  fin-m  of  the  third  hfwer  jtremolar  is  very 
ditferent  in  the  two  species.  When  viewed  from  the  side  this  tooth 
is  conspicuously  broader  in  jn-oportion  to  its  heigh  in  .1/.  nnhnlatns. 
When  viewed  from  above,  the  tooth  is  much  larger  in  M.  Kubulatiis,  and 
distinctly  longer  than  broad,  whde  in  M.  luvifutjux  it  i»  nearly  as  broad 
as  long. 

Measurementit. — See  tal)le,  page  <)5. 

l!ipei'hnvnsv.ramined. — Total  i;nmber50li,  from  the  following  lot-alities: 

Aliiliuuiii:  (irceimboro,  I  (skin,  Mvi'iiuui  coll.). 

AliiHUa:  Kiiiliitk  Island,  !>. 

(.'unne<ti(Mit :  1  (Merriiini  <'(>11.). 

District  of  ('oininltin:  Wusliinfrton,  20  (niajority  in  Merriiiin  i-oll.)- 

Florida:  Tnrpon  !Si»rinfj;8,  7  (two  skins,  Rhoails  coll.,  tviit;  und  t<>iiot,v|>es  of 

'  aiiHtronpnriiiM'). 
Illinois:  Waisuw,  141;  West  NoitliHeld,  2. 
Kcntncky:  Mnninioth  L'uvu,  218. 

M»iii*<:  lOastport,  1.  ' 

Maryland:  Seuoca  liivor,  I. 
Massacbnsetts:  Woods  Hole,  1. 
Minnesota:  Elk  Uivur,  7;  Fort  8nellin^,  1. 
Nowfonndlund :  Hay  St.  (ieor>;e,  I  (skins,  Man^H  toll.). 
New  York:  Adirondacks,  1  (Merriam  coll.);  nij;  Moose  Lake,  1  (Morriamcoll.); 

Catskill  Mountains,  2;  Howes  Cave,  25  (Merriam  coll.);  Lake  George,  1; 

Locust  (irove,  J»  (MeiTiani  coll. ) ;  Lyons  Falls,  4  (Merriam  coll. ) ;  Oneida  Lake, 

63  (Miller  coll.);  I'eterboro,  1  (Merriam  coll.);  .*<ing  .Sing,  1  (Merriam coll.); 

West  Point,  1. 
Nortli  Carolina:  Roan  M<>nni:.ain,  1. 
NovaHcotia:  Halifax,!. 


MYOTI8   LUCIFUOrS    ALAHCENHI8. 


63 


Ontario:  riraxcnhiirHt,  1  (Miller  coll.);  .luineN  Buy,  2;  North  Mu.v,  Kiike  Nipiit- 

Hin;{,  I  (MilI<-r<oII.). 
I'cniiHvlvaiiiii:  KraiU'oid,  1;  ('ttiitcr  County,  !!•. 
(/iirliir:  (ioilltoiit,  I  ( .Nfrniuni  coll.);  Ottawa,  12  (Murriani  roll.). 
Soiitli  Carolina:  Iteaiifort,  [i. 
VirKiiiia:  Kiverton,  1. 

(ivneral  rcnnirkx. — Mi/otix  Uicifwjtm  n'soiiibles  M.  rdifvr  inor«  cloHcly 
tliiiii  it  «loeH  any  otiier  North  Ameritaiii  8i>t'ci«>s.  From  tlie  latter  it  is, 
liowi'ver,  readily  «li.«(tiii;;iii.slial)lv  by  its  iiiiich  smaller  si/e.  From  M. 
siihulatuH,  the  only  Hpe(;ies  of  the  gciiiiH  with  which  it  is  assoiriated  in 
the  eastern  I'nited  States,  it  may  be  at  once  reeogni/ed  by  its  shorter 
car  smd  shorU^r,  le.'^.s  iieuiiiinate  tragus. 

Til  is  bat  is  the  VrspirHlio  ifrifphns  lufi/Hfjun  of  J)r.  Harrison  Allen's 
riM-eiit  monograph.  Dr.  Allen's  'northern  form  of  Vespertilio  tjryphug' 
is  M.  HuhxiUituH. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  S.  N.  Ithoatls  I  have  examined  the  tyi>e 
:iiid  six  topotypes  of  Vtspcrtilin  lnci/iiffnn  aiintrorip(friuM  from  Tar]N)n 
Springs,  Fla.  1  can  tind  no  chaiacters  by  which  these  specimeus  may 
be  distinguished  from  those  taken  at  othtM-  parts  of  the  range  of  Myotis 
liiri/iitfUH.  The  two  skins,  one  of  whiiUi  is  the  type,  are  those  of  partly 
grown  individuals  whose  immaturity  is  clearly  indicated  by  the  soft, 
papery  skulls  in  which  the  nasal  sutures  are  still  clearly  visible,  and 
by  the  imperfectly  formed  Joints  of  the  lingers  (see  tig.  l,p.  9).  These 
specimens  ditfer  from  northern  adults  in  suuvller  size,  shorter  fur,  and 
duller,  browner  color.  Three  adult  topotypes  in  al(;ohoI  show  only  «me 
of  these  peculiarities — the  shortness  of  fur — antl  iu  the  fourth  this  also 
IS  absent.  The  fifth  alcoholic  spccinu'ii  is  imtniiture.  That  the  adult 
.specimens  of  Myotic  from  Tarpon  Springs  are  uot  smaller  than  .1/.  liici- 
ftiffiix  from  oth'ir  localities  is  clearly  shown  by  the  table  of  measurements 
on  page  do.  The  short  fur  of  three  of  the  adults  is  evidently  a  sesisonal 
character,  since  all  showing  this  peculiarity  are  in  worn,  ragged  «*oat, 
while  the  only  one  in  fresh  pelage  (killed  Septi^mber  1!J)  has  fur  of 
tlie  ordinary  length.  The  fur  of  all  these  specimens,  after  nearly  five 
.years  immersion  in  alcohol,  has  lost  the  warm,  glossy  appearance  char- 
acteristic of  freshly  killed  iiidividiuils,  It  can  be  perfectly  matched, 
however,  among  the  series  of  alcoholit;  specimens  collected  in  Center 
County,  l*a.,  during  the  winter  of  189;j. 

MYOTIS  LUCIFCOI  S  ALASCKNSIS  Hubsp.  nov. 

Tiipe  I'roni  Sitka,  Alaska.  Adult  9  (<■)  alcohol),  No.  77410,  U.  8.  National  .MnH«nin 
(iiiolo^iial  Survey  collcctiou).  Collmteil  August  5,  ISDS,  l»y  C.  1'.  Streator. 
CoUeetor'a  uunilier,  1754. 

(ieoyraphic  tligtrihution. — Humid  coast  district  of  southern  Alaska 
and  northern  British  Columbia. 

(ieneral  characterx. — More  like  typical  luci/i((futt  than  like  longivrua^ 
but  darker  in  color  and  with  longer  ears. 

Enrs. — As  shown  in  the  table  of  measurements  on  page  05  the  ears 
of  this  form  average  distin(;tly  larger  than  those  of  the  typical  sub- 


I 


I 

i 


r 


M^^ 


1 1'^' 


%l 


i 


64 


NOBTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


BiHsuieH.    1  can  not  8eu,  Luwever,  that  (liuy  ilittur  appreviubly  in  I'onu 

Fur  and  color. — Tlio  fur  i»  diHtribiited  »h  in  tint,  luci/iifii  h.  In  color 
it  is  evidently  diuker  thun  tliut  of  tliu  typinil  form,  hut  tliu  u\u4;t 
ditt'ereiicuhcun  not  be  determined  fiom  HpeeinienH  in  alcohol.  KurHand 
menibranus  bhu;kiMh. 

MeuHurementH. — See  table,  pajfo  <>5.  ' 

SpecimenH  ej-aminetl. — Total  number  Ki,  from  the  following  hN-alities: 

Alanka:  Fort   Wruiigul,  1  (Hkiit,  Mfrriiiiii  cull.);  I.uiiii^;,  1  (1  skin);  Hitka,  K 

(SskiiiH). 
UritiHh  ('iiliiiiibiii:  MuHHutt,  (jiiuun  Cliarlotbt)  iHlanilH,  'A. 

General  rvmarkit. — Mifotix  luciJ'nijUH  alattcenniH  is  distingniHliable  from 
both  typical  M.  Inci/injun  and  M.  lurijuf/iin  lirnffirnis  by  its  lonj-er  ears 
and  darker  color.  From  -1/.  luvi/tiyux  lumjivruH  it  ditl'erH  further  in  its 
much  shorter  tibia.  , 

MYOTKS  KrW:**4a;<WS  I.ONOICKl'M  (True). 

1880.    \'e$pert'iHo  lontjicnis  TriM),  Sriniio,  VIII,  j».  r>ii><,  \hw.  Ul,  188(>. 

1898.   l'e$pcrlilio  nitUlua  lonii'urua  II.  Allun,  Mouogr.  Iluto  N.  Am.,  p.  103. 

18U3.    Vespertilto  alhe»ieH»  (uM\amv.  pbaHe)  II.  Alleu,  Munu^r.  liutuN.  Am.,  p.  02(imrt). 

Type  locality. — Puget  Sound. 

Geographic  diHtribution. — Boreal  an«l  Transition  /.ones  from  I'uget 
Sound  east  to  Wyoming;  south  at  least  to  Arizona  and  southern  Cali- 
fornia, and  probably  much  farther. 

General  charavterti. — Similar  to  typical  Myotix  luei/Kym,  hut  larger 
(length,  i)i  to  U)2',  forearm,  37  to  Ml;  tibia,  17..Sto  lU),  and  with  longer 
tibia  and  proportionally  shorter  ear  and  forearm. 

Earn. — The  ears  are  more  rounded  and  ])roi>orti(inally  .slightly  shoi-ter 
than  in  typical  M.  luci/uyun,  the  inner  side  of  the  conch  usually  more 
bairy.    Tragus  as  in  M.  luHftujm. 

The  membranes  and  feet  dill'er  in  no  way  from  tho.se  of  the  true 
M.  luaJ'uyuH,  except  that  the  feet  ai»pear  shorter  in  projiortion  to  the 
tibio). 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  shows  no  peculiarities  in  distribution.  In 
color  it  is  darker  and  duller  than  in  the  typical  subs|»ecies  (especially 
in  specimens  from  northern  California),  but  the  dilVerence  is  apparently 
never  very  striking,  while  two  skins  from  Arizona  are  indistinguishable 
from  specimens  of  lucifwjuit  taken  at  Washington,  I>.  C. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Myotin  luci/ugun  longieruH  does  not  ditter  ap^ire- 
ciably  in  size  or  form  from  that  of  true  luci/uyun. 

Teeth. — In  dental  characters  Myotis  lucifiujUH  lonyicrm  agrees  closely 
with  typical  M.  lucifugm.  While  there  appear  to  be  no  constant  and 
important  difierenceH  between  the  teeth  of  the  two  forms,  the  third 
upper  premolar  averages  slightly  larger  in  longicrus,  and  there  are 
usually  trifling  diiferences  in  the  relative  sizes  of  the  lower  premolars 
(fig.  14c). 

Measurements. — See  table,  on  page  05. 


MYOTI8   LUCIFUdUS   LONGICKU8. 


(»5 


S/HviineHH  ijumincd. — TotuI  iiuinbor  1)7,  from  tliu  following;  htcHlities: 

Ari/oiiik:  Sun  I'ranciHio  Mt.,  1.';  Cliiriouliiiu  MtM.,  I  (Hkiii). 

Ciilit'oriiiu:  Nfvudtt  City,  I ;  NicuHin,  72;  Owciih  l,uk«,  I;  I'oint  k<<yt>H,  I;  Hun 

Kiiii^dio,  I ;  Walker  )'iutH,  2. 
(Iiiliiiitliiiik:  San  l-'riimiHco  WuUir  Cuuyuu,  Siui  LiiIh  Mtw.,  I. 
Coloi'tulii:  (iranil  .liiiiclion,  I. 
N'i)va«lit:  ('ottoiiu'iKxl  K)tii>;o,  1  (Hkiii);  I'liiiuca,  I. 
New  Mexiro:  Santa  F<>,  I. 
Oregon:  KaHt    Iiiiho  CaHcailu    MtH.,  n«'ar  Ml    'riiirlHuii,  I  (Hkiii);  l(ti»v«<rtiiii,  2 

(MillvrCiill.). 
WaHliin^ton  :  Capo  I''latt4ti',v,  I ;  Colvillt^,  I  ;  (iovHrr  Kiuiin,  I ;  I'ort 'ro\viiHeii<l,  t. 
Wyuiiiiii*;:  l.aku  Furk,  1. 

(icnend  remiirkn. — Mi/otiM  hivi/iiymi  UtHiiivruH  is  »  woll-iiiiirktMl  jjco- 
•{rupliiual  rare  of  .1/.  luciftujux,  rophicin^;  tUu  typical  form  of  tlio  latter 
in  the  western  iliiited  States  tlirouglioiit  the  rei;ioii  west  of  tlie  (ireat 
Plains.  Tiie  northern  and  southern  limits  <»f  its  ran^'e  ran  not  at  pres* 
ent  be  detorniinetl. 

A  siiif^le  skin  from  Cofre  de  I'erote,  Vera  ('ru/,  is  probably  referable 
to  v.  hici/nffun  hnf/UruH.  The  tibia,  however,  is  slightly  shorter  than 
in  true  loiufirriis,  and  more  material  from  sonthcni  localities  may  show 
tlie  necessity  of  recognizing  another  geographic  race. 

Myotin  luci/Hf/uH  loiif/icrtix  is  the  bat  to  which  the'melanic  form  of 
Vixpertilio  alhesans^  of  Dr.  Allen's  re<!ent  monograph  for  the  most  part 
icfers.  ITnder  this  name,  however.  Dr.  Alien  also  included  dark- 
r(»I(>re<!  specimens  of  M.  caH/ornivus. 

Measttremenls  of  aubupeciea  of  Myot'u  lucifugua. 


SiiliMi.irii'H. 


I.iH;iilitv. 


I 


i 

2?? 

6 
10 

4VV 


bici filling t'luritlii :  Tiir|Mm  S|iriiigH 

'  UUtrict  1)1'  Ciiliiiiiliiii:  Wanliing 

ton. 
!  reiiiiH.vlvaiiiii:  ('uiilro  County. . . 

!  Ni'W  York  :  llowTM  (^avi- 

Nuwi'otiucllitu)! :  r.iiy  Sl.(i»>ori{o. 

AliiNka:  Kiitliiik  IhIuiiiI '  0 

Sitka !  1$  I 

Sllka I  «9  V 

l.orin); i  3 

» 

10 

1? 

19 


tlltUVi'llKItt  . 


li'iii/ierut. 


I  llritiHli  ('oluniliiu:  MaHgolt 

I  WiiitliinKton  :  I'ligi-t  Soiinil 

California:  Niraiiio 

Ni'VBiln  City 

Owxnit  Lakf 

Walker  I'ana 

Snn  Kniigdio 

Wyoniinj::  Lake  Fork 

Nrvaila :  I'anai'a 

A  riz4ina :  San  Francisco  Mountain 


I     -   . 


89. 5  40 
86. 5  37. 5 


H 
10 


^ 


I 

S3 


3  ;^  ^ 


.1 


H.  7  38. 8   6.  2  63. 7  13. 7,  9. 4 


38.9   6.7!... 


12.2 


13.3 


85.  3|37. 0  15. 5    7. 3 .17. 6'  5. «  60. 2 
80. 3;:t«.  4  Ifl.  5'  8.7  38       0.  661. 5  13. 2 


87. 
88.6 
91 

86.3 
80 
85.6 
97 
95.3 
102 
96 
29  9!  97 
19      100 

i>r     94 
2 


|;i4.6   H.  2  57. 6 14. 8 
37.6  10.9   8.0  37       6.2160     h4.»9.9 


37.21.'i.5    9 

38.3  10.1    9.1 

39     jl6     I  9     isH       6. 4'60 

38. 6  16       8.  4  36. 6   6. 2  59 

35     ,15       8 


36.7    0.  I|61.2!.... 

36.1  ....  ....!l3.8 

!        I 
16 

15.2 


9.4 

9.7 
9.1 

8.5 
10.6 
9.5 
8.0 


44     1 19     I  8     1.38.  .">    6     165      12 
43.618.7    7.7137.6   5.5  65.3  12 


46    '19.6   8     39.6  6     71 

II  I 

45      17.8   8.41....  6 

44.618.5.  7.439.6  0 

45    il8.8;  7.640  5 

45     19       8    ;38  7 


69 


43      18.4 


I"     I 


93.5j41      17.3 


8     39.6   5.668 
7.738.5   6.2  68 


10 
9.8 
13    I  9.8 
12.6  9 
12.610 
13. 4'  9.6 
12.6'  9 
12    I  9 
13.5   9.5 


I 


I         |-"| 


9 

H 

7.1 
7.5 

7.2 
8 

7 
8 
7.6 

7 
7 
7 
7.3 

7.4 
7.4 
7.4 
7.4 
7.4 
7.4 
8.3 


2772— No.  13- 


'  Type. 


66 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


MYOTI8  YUMANENSIS  (H.  Allou). 

IWU.    t'e-*perliiio  yumaMeintit  II.  Allen,  Monogr.  N.  Am.  Itats,  ]i.  .'>S. 

1866.   I'espertilio  nuuroima  II.  Allen,  I'ruf.  Aead.  Nat.  8ci.  Pliila.,  p.  2X8,  (ner.  Ooiihl, 

1«54). 
ISifi.    I'etperiilio  tiUidmii  (iM'ilomorphio   variety)   H.   Allei:,  Monogr.   Data  N.  Am., 

pp.  72,  73. 
IHKt.    Venittrtilio  alhtteen*  II.  Alien,  Monogr.  liatn  N.  Am.,  p.  K7,  (part,  ne<^  Geoff., 

1X05). 
ISM.    VexperliHo  nitidttd  macropim  II.  AIUmi,  Monogr.  Kata  N.  Am.,  p.  100. 

Type  lo&ility. — i)ld  Fort  Yaiia,  California. 

(ieiHjruphic  dUtrihutinH. — Austral  zones  and  lower  edge  of  Transi- 
tion xone  from  the  southwestern  United  States  to  San  Luis  Potosi  and 
Micho:ican,  Mexico. 

General  vltarticter». — Size  small;  length  74-88;  forearm  32-37 ;  culcAr 
distinrt,  considerably  longer  than  free  border  of  interfemoral  mem-, 
bi'ane,  terniinutiiig  in  a  well-marked  lobule;  free  border  of  uropatagium 
naked;  ears  motlernte;  wings  from  base  of  toes,  but  on  account  of 
extent  of  web  between  toes  apparently  fmm  side  of  metatarsus;  feet 
very  large  and  strong  as  compared  with  other  small  Ameiiciiii  sitoeies. 

Kors. — The  ears  (PI.  I,  fig.  2)  are  moderately  long;  laid  forward  they 
reach  just  beyond  the  tip  of  the  nose.  The  anterior  border  is  straight 
for  a  short  distance  at  base,  then  strongly  convex,  and  finally  straight  or 
even  slightly  concave  just  below  tip.  The  tip  is  narrow  and  abruptly 
rounded  ott'.  The  jHisterior  border  is  concave  from  the  tip  to  the 
widest  part  of  the  auricle,  just  beh>w  mid  height,  then  strongly  convex 
to  basal  notch,  which  isolates  a  well-marked  rounded  lobe. 

Tragus  slender,  acutely  iwinted.  Anterior  border  slightly  concave 
at  bsi.se,  t*<eu  straight  or  very  faintly  concave  to  tip.  Posterior  bonier 
crcnulatc,  straight  or  slightly  concave  from  tip  to  broadest  point  at 
alNiut  lower  tuird.  A  very  large  lobe  at  base;  this  lobe  so  large  that 
the  greatest  bre<;dth  of  the  tragus  is  often  through  it. 

Memhrttne». — The  membranes,  esitecially  the  uropatagium,  arc,  for  so 
snnill  a  bat,  thick  and  leathery.  The  interfemoral  membrane  (PI.  11, 
fig.  2)  is  furred  at  the  base.lioth  dorsally  and  veutraIly,birtotherwi.sc  is 
naked  except  for  a  s;»rinklvng  of  short  hairs  along  the  veins.  Wings 
from  bitsb  of  tiH's,  but  on  iic(*xiant  of  the  conspicuous  webbing  of 
the  latter  the  membrane  apiM'ars  to  be  attat^hed  to  the  side  of  the 
metatarsus. 

Feet. — The  feet  (PI.  II,  fig.  2)  are.  for  so  small  a  bat,  very  large,  broad, 
and  strong,  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  short  tiV';  ,  the  whole  leg 
and  foot  suggesting  a  sm<all  NyvtireiuH  rather  than  a  Myotis.  Toes 
(without  claws)  as  long  as  sole,  united  by  membrane  at  base  to  distill 
fourth  of  proximal  phalanges.  Calcar  strong  and  distinct,  much  longer 
than  free  border  of  uropatagium,  usually  terminating  in  a  distinct 
lobule.    Keel  on  {msterior  edge  very  ."lightly  developed. 

Fur  and  eolor. — The  fur  shows  no  peculiarities  in  distribution.  On 
the  m'idle  of  the  back  it  averages  aboui  U  mm.  in  length. 


MYOTIS    YUMANENSia. 


67 


Color  pale  wood  brown,  varying  to  broccoli  brown ;  belly  dirty  whitish ; 
the  fur  everywhere  light  plinnbeoaH  at  base;  ejirs  and  membrane  very 
light  bmwn ;  the  uropatagiuin  and  wing  membranes  edged  with  whitish. 

S|ie<;imenM  ironi  tlie  ty|>e  h>eality  are  the  palest  tliiit  I  have  seen. 
Tliose  from  Kort  Verde,  Arizona,  and  ai)parently  also  alcoholic  a|)ecimen8 
finrn  Tulare  and  otl'ier  localities  in  southern  California,  are  slightly 
<liirker,  bnt  still  very  different  from  M.  yumatuiiHiH  mturutm. 

Skull, — The  skull  of  Myotig  yumanevftis  resembles  that  of  M.  ln<nj';i,4jiut 
in  form,  but  is  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  its  smaller  size,  and 
shorter,  broiuler  i;iU:!te.  The  brain  case  ii^  broader  and  Hatter  than  in 
.1/.  luciJ'nijuH.  Frouj  the  skull  of  M.  mlifornicus  that  of  M.  yumaneimH 
is  readily  distinguished  by  its  slightly  larger  size  and  very  much 
broader,  more  robust  form,  the  rostrum  in  particular  being  noticeably 
broiuler. 

Tveth. — The  teeth  of  Myotin  yumfmenmn  (llg.  14  ri)  more  tjlosely  resem- 
ble those  of  M.  Inci/tufux  than  any  <»ther  species.  They  are,  however, 
smaller,  and  the  crowns  of  the  molars  are  longer  in  pro|H>rtion  to  their 
width.  Tlie  crown  of  the  third  lower  premolar  is  only  slightly  longer 
than  broad,  thus  resembling  the  corresponding  tooth  in  M.  hieifuyuH, 
and  differing  from  M.  culi/iirnuum,  which,  like  M.  nnbulaltnt,  has  the 
crown  of  this  tooth  very  distinctly  longer  than  broad. 
.   Mamitrementg. — See  table,  jiage  <'!K 

Sp'jfiuiens  cvaminetl. — Total  number  142,  from  the  following  i>N',aliti(^c. 

Ari/oii»:  Kort  Vtnlt-,  6  (tkint«);  Wliittt   MoiiutaiiiM,  1  (Nkiii,  Aiii.  Miih.  Nat. 

IliHt.). 
C'niiroriiin:  VnrX.  h'cailiii};,  1;  Fort  Viinia,  5  (okiiia);  FruHiio,  8;  HorBo  Shoo 

Henil,  C'olora<l<i    K'ivt-r,   1;    Koulcr,  7;    Loiio  I'iiie,  2;   Moiiut  Whitney,  1; 

Ncviitlii  l.'ity,  -'    NiriiHio,  1;   U\veiit>  Lnki-,  5;   Owuim  ValN-y,   1;  Old  Fort 

Tejuii,  13;  San  Luis  Hey,  8;  'riiliiro,  45;  Walkvr  Push,  Kt-m  ('oiinty,  1. 
Miolioiirun:  I'nl/.cnaro,  13. 
Nuviida:  Pyramid  I.iiku,  1. 

Sail  LiiiH  PotoMi:  .Ii-hiih  Maria,  7;  H<ia.  La  i'ara<l)>,  3;  Abualiiico,  1). 
Utah:  ProvoCity,  1. 

(ientnti  lemarkH. — Myotic  yununuimiH  needs  comparison  with  ,1/.  cali- 
/ornicuH  only.  Fnmi  the  latter  it  is  readily  distinguished  by  its  much 
larger  foot  and  longer  calcar.  More  detailed  comparison  of  the  two 
\\  ill  be  found  under  M.  cali/oniinis. 

This  is  the  species  to  which  IM-.  llarri.><on  Allen's  rec«!nt  account  of 
\'esiu-rtilio  alhencenn  for  the  most  part  refers.  His  so<'alled  larger 
iiu'lanic  form  of  alhcHcinit  is  Myotin  luci/ufiiiH  toufiicrm  (True).  Speci- 
iiicns  of  MyottH  cali/ornicus,  M.  IhyHnnodeH,  and  M.  reli/er  in  the  Biologi- 
cal Survey  collection  have  lieeu  labeled  by  Dr.  Allen  V.  albem'ens,  the 
last  two,  however,  with  a  cpiery.  This  bat  is  also  the  Veapcrtiiio 
iiiiict'opuH  and  V.  nilidun  nutcropwi  of  Dr.  Allen.  The  «Rme  viae  'opvg, 
liowever,  is  prH»ccupied  by  {'ettpfrtilio  macropus  Gould,  1854.' 

MyottH  yuniitneHHiti  is  a  much  smaller  bat  than  .>/.  alheHcenit,  and  (voes 


Mauiiualo  ul'  Audtraliia  {fide  DoImod). 


68 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


not  agree  with  the  descriptions  of  the  latter  given  by  (ieoflfroy  or  Dob- 
sou.  Mr.  Oliltield  Thomas,  after  «M)nii>aring  specinien^  of  M.  yHmtiHeit- 
»iH  wiMi  the  M.  ulbtgcewi  identitied  by  Dobsoii  in  the  BritiMh  Museum, 
written  nie  that  tliu  two  are  in  no  way  chisuly  rehitt>d. 

Lack  of  an  adc4|uate  series  of  skins  prevents  any  determination  of 
the  extent  of  individual  color  variation  in  this  siiecies.  8|»eciniens 
tsiken  at  Fort  Verde,  Arizona,  in  May  and  August,  are  slightly  darker 
than  those  killed  at  the  tyi>e  lociility  in  April,  while  two  July  skins 
from  L'atzcuaro,  Michoacan,  are  nearly  as  dark  sis  the  lightest  examples 
of  M,  yvmamiMis  gatiiratus. 


MYOTIS  YUMANENSIS  SATITRATIJS  snbsp.  iiov. 


V-i 


Adult  (^ (skill), No.  iH;;;|,U.  S.  Nutioiial  .Museum 
('••llictotl  Stptoiiiber  i:{,  IHXit,  hv  T.  S.  I'aluier. 


TvjM'fniiii  llaiuilton.  WaHliiugloii. 
(ltiiiIo;;icaI  Survey  cullectioii). 
('(tUector's  uiiiiiber,  :fi>2. 

Otoyraphie  di;itributiun. — Transition  xoue  in  Oregon,  VViishington, 
and  British  Columbia. 

Genvral  cliaractcrH. — Similar  to  typitral  Mfiotix  ynmanemtix,  but  fur 
longer  and  color  much  darker. 

Fur  and  i-itlor. — Fur  distributed  as  in  the  typical  subsiMH'ies.  On  the 
middle  of  the  back  it  averages  about  *J  mm.  in  length.  Bsu'k  dark  glossy 
yeUowish  brown  (the  exa4rt  shade  usually  between  the  *s«>pia'  and 
Miiununy  brown' of  Kidgway  s  Nomenclature  of  Colors,  IM.  Ill);  belly 
isal>ella  color;  chin,  throat,  and  sides  darker  than  belly;  fur  every, 
where  deep  blackish  plumbeous  at  base;  ears  and  membraues  blackish. 

MeaxuremeHU. — 8ee  tabic,  page  (»!». 

Specimens  examined. — Total  nuuiber  10,  from  the  following  localities: 

Itrititih  ('olnniliia:  Kaui]ou|M,  1  (skin) ;  KuItuH  Lake  (iioiir  Cliilliwack),  I  n. 
Miller  citll.);  Mount  Leliinan,  1  (skin,  Am.  Miis.  Nut.  Hist.);  Port  Momi^,  1 
(skin);  Shuswap,  1  (skin):  Simiiis,  3  (skins,  Miller  coll.), 

Ore);ou:  Cnxiketl  Kiver,  1 ';  Lone  Kf>ck,  2^;  Twelve  Mile  Cn-ek,  1  ■. 

Washington:  Chelan, •{■;  Hamilton, 2  (skins);  Lake (.'nshuiun,  1  (skin);  ^'eah 
Ha.v,  I. 

iieneral  remurkM. — Myoiin  ifiimatuHHtJi  naturatuH  is  readily  distinguish- 
able from  true  yumnnennis  by  its  much  darker  cohu*.  lM||^MiIiunicter, 
however,  it  closcl}*  approiu;hcs  the  typical  form  of  iU.  THetTN^irjr.fhiui 
which  it  differs  chieHy  in  smaller  general  size  and  much  smaller  skull. 
F.x>M  .1/.  Im-ifuguH  loMgirrint  itditl'ers  very  noticeably  in  its  shorter  tibia 
as  well  as  in  other  chanicters. 


■Tlies«>  sprx-iiiieuH  may  lie  neater  true  j/Hmamennia  tlian  tattirattu.    In  alcohol,  how- 
ever, their  colur  apiiears  luiioh  too  dark  for  the  typical  subs)ieciea. 


MYOTI8    CALIFOKNIClIh. 
MetuHrrmruU  of  »iih»peci«$  of  Mffolit  yumaMfntii. 


69 


o  ■ 


Sr.lMpecieit. 


fltimanrnnu. 


taturttu* . 


Locality. 


la  £  •£ 
a  «  '  -a  I-* 
s|    a  -a 


Calirornin :  Fort  Ynma 4        83. 7  35. 5 

Tnlan- 10       |W).536.ff 

Arizona:  Fort  Venli- 4       J7U.230.7 

San  I.iiiH  i'otiMii:  .Imm  Maria 59  ;  HI      34.0 

Mii'lioaran :  Patzriiaro x         Ml.  6  ;1S.  3 

BriliHh  Colnniltia:  Siiman <  3         82.336.r> 


WiMliinKtoii :  Chelan 3       |'7 

Hamilton I  l,fi  ItJ 


35 
30 


H    i  b.      Ik,      H 


14.1 
15 

15.7 


8.7  32.7   r>.2 
H.7  34.2  6 

8. 8  33. 0  . . 
15.5;  7.0  34.4  6. 
14.6'  8.:i:i4. 1    5.T 


8.«34.n   5.:i 

8.:i35.:t  « 

8.03:1    I  5 


5«.Sl.... 
30. 4  14. 2 
.'>5.5I4 
.17.8  14.4 
.-.7  14. 2 
.'.7  !.... 
.'iO.  3  14. 3 


7.4 

8.3  7 
H.  I    7.8 

0       7.S 


'  I  J  |ie. 
MYOTIS  CALIFOI{.\  If  US  (Ami.  A  liiich.). 

IKI'J.    r('M/«r/i7io  rali/oiMicHu   AikI.  <V    lt:ich..  .Iinirii.   AcimI.  Nat.  S«'i.    IMiilii.,  p.  2X0 

(i'alirornia). 
1861*.   retiurlilio  nitidus   II.  Allen.  I'roi-.  Aca<l.  Nat.  8ci.  Pliila.,  p.  217  (Monterey, 

Califuniiu). 
1861.   Vetperlilio  nilidii*  II.  Allen.  Mono^^r.  N.  Am.  Itat^*,  ]».  St\ 
isivt.   VeHinriilio  oreijonentiK  II.  Allen,  Mouo^r.  N.Ani.  Kitts,  p.  til  (('npn  St.  Lncoa  and 

Fort  Tejon). 
ISIM;.    renperlilio    oli$rmrHi    U.  Allen,  Pmc.  Aoml.  Nat.  8ci.  i'hila.,   p.  2H1    (Lower 

(California). 
is««5.   Vt»iurlilio  rnliiim  II.  .Mien,  Fr«M^.  .\rail.  Nat.  S«i.  I'liila..  p.  282  (Capo  St.  I.nraH). 
IxtUi.    lenpertilio  esilix  H.  .Alien.  Pro.-.  \vvn\.  Nat.  Sci   I'hila..  p.  28;i  (Cape  St.  I.uca!>). 
isfifi.    I  miuTlilio  teiiuitlortalix  11.  Allen,  I'roc-.  Aoiwl.  Nat.  Sei.  Fliila.,  p.  28:1  ((^ape  St. 

I.ncax). 
18fii;.    reiperlilio  yMMi<in«'N«i>(  II.  Allen.  Vrw..  Ac:mI.  Nat.  Hei.  IMiila.,  |).  28:{  (nee  II.  Allen, 

1864). 
1K78.    f'e»iierlilio  Ni/ir/nM  I)<il>8on.  Catal.  Cliiro))teru  Itrit.  Mu8.,  )i.  318. 
IxtMt.    f'fnptrlilio  mtltiHorhtHHii  Merriani.  North  .Vnieri«':in  Fauna,  No.  :t,  p.  tti,  Sept.  11. 

18110  (.Situ  FranciHi-o  Mt..  .Arizona). 
18tK{.    I'vHpt-rlilio  alheMctmH  melnmfrhiiiH*  II.  .Mien,  Mono};r.  KatH  N.  Am.,  ]>. Ml. 
ix'Xi^fenftrrtilio  MtftVfajfeU.. Allen.  Monojjr.  HatK  N.  Am.,  p.  !t4. 
181K).    ViMiHtlilic  nilhluM  AcMxAairi  ll..\llcn.  .Monoj^r.  HatH  N.  Am.,  p.  lOIt  (Win^ate,  .\. 

Moxi<-o). 
1K!K{.   f'ftperlilio  iii<iriraii»  II.  .Mien.  Moiiojrr.  ItatH  N.  Am,,  p.  !*7  t'ootnot*^  (nee  .Maxi- 
milian I82ti). 

Ti/iH'  localUff — '  Calironiia/ 

(ieographir  (lixtrihiitioH. — An.>stral  zouoa  and  lower  part  of  Transition 
/one  tliroiigliuiit  the  western  I'nitcd  St^it4M  and  liower  Calitrrnia,  east 
to  Wyoming;  and  Te.\a.s.    South  limit  of  n^riiji'  not  known. 

(Ivneral  ehnrtu'tcrH. — SmaUeflt  8|)e4-ieM  of  Myotin  known  to  occur  in  the 
rnit4>d  States.  I<en{;th,  TO  to  H7;  forearm, 'V.!  to  .'t(S.  Oalcar  alNiut  as 
Ion;;  UM  free  Imrder  of  iiropataciuni,  very  slender  but  distinct  and  with 
a  more  or  Ies8  well  develop«Hl  lohule  at  tip,  outer  edge  with  a  distinct 
keel,  liejjs  slender,  the  small  feet  reachinjf  when  extended  backward 
t4i  within  about  "i  mm.  of  tip  of  t^iil.     Kreo  border  of  uropataginm  naked. 


70 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


i 


Ear8  uioderute,  reaching  just  beyond  tip  <»r  nose.  v\  ngs  from  base  of 
toes.     Fur  on  back  distinctly  darker  at  bitse  tlisin  at  tip. 

Uars. — The  ears  arc  moderately  long  ( PI.  I,  fig.  2),  reaching  when  laid 
forward  1  to  3  mm.  Ineyond  tip  of  nose.  The  anterior  border  of  the 
anricle  is  straight  or  slightly  convex  at  the  base,  then  strongly  convex 
to  a  point  somewhat  lieyond  the  middle,  after  which  it  is  straight  or 
even  a  little  concave  to  the  narrowly  roanded  oil'  tip.  Tosterior  border 
nineave  fn)m  tip  to  iN>int  slightly  Itelow  the  middle,  after  which  it  is 
convex  to  basal  notcn.  Basal  l<»lie  strongly  develoiMHl  and  notched  on 
its  lower  border. 

Tragns  varying  mnch  in  .>(ha|M>,  bnt  with  anteri(»r  border  usually 
straight,  or  nearly  so,  and  iH»sterior  Itorder  strongly  convex  and  with 
snnill  basal  lob'^ 

Memhranes. — The  membran«>s  are  thin  i»n«i  delicate.  Ilropatagium 
(PI.  II,  tig.  I)  furred  on  basid  third,  otherwise  naked,  except  for  a  few 
hairs  aUtiig  the  veins.  Wings  frmn  b:i.sc  of  toes,  naked,  except  for  a 
narrow  strip  ulong  side  of  body. 

Feet. — The  feet  are  small  and  weak  (PI.  II.  tig.  1),  distinctly  less  than 
half  as  long  as  tibia.  I'alear  slender  but  distinct,  shorter  than  free 
border  of  uropatagium,  usually  terminating  in  a  distinct  lobule.  The 
posterior  border  is  provide«l  with  a  ke<>l  l>eginning  abruptly  about  L' 
mm.  from  the  base  and  fading  away  gra4iual1y  at  about  middh^  of  calcar. 
This  keel  is  sup]MU-ted  by  1  to  .'{  cartilaginous  outgrowths  from  the 
Cidcar. 

Fur  and  rohtr. — The  for  is  ."toft,  fn'l.  and  long,  that  on  middle  of  back 
averaging  ab<  ut  8  mm.  in  length. 

Color  light  yellowish  gray,  paler  on  the  belly,  tite  fur  everywhere 
dark  plumbeous  at  base.     Mead»r:ines,  ears,  lips,  and  mu/xlc  bisutkish. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  M'^^tin  cali/orniruK  is  smaller  and  more  lightly 
built  than  that  of  any  other  North  Anieriran  Mifotis.  The  bruin  case 
is  m(Mlerately  rounde<l,  and  the  h>ng  narrow  mu/./le  fades  grsulually 
into  the  gently  sloping  forehead.  The  skull  is  thus  very  «lirt'ercnt  from 
that  of  il/.  ,VM>H/rH/-Nx//(,  the  only  s|ie4-ii's  with  which  M.  luilifoniicus  is 
likely  to  be  confused.  In  form  it  resend>les  the  skulls  of  M.  erotis 
and  M.  thysaiiotlfH,  but  the  latter  an*  among  the  largest  of  the  spct'ies 
found  in  the  region  inhabited  by  M.  cali/orniruM. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  of  M^otix  fali/nrttivH*  (tig.  15,  a)  are,  like  th«  skull, 
small  aiul  delicate.  In  general  they  cUisely  rcs«Mnble  the  teeth  of  ,V. 
MuhidtitUM,  and  differ  from  those  of  .1/.  ymnoueiiMiK  in  numerous  details, 
as  in  the  shape  of  the  third  np|M>r  mola:  and  third  lower  ))rento1ar,  the 
former  being  distinctly  narn>wer  arui  tl:£  latter  '..^pgcr  in  pro[M)rtion  to 
its  width  than  in  M.  jfinmimen»i:. 

}fe(MUt'ementM. — See  table,  page  74. 

Sitevimem  examined. — Total  nnmlM>r  l.'i*J,fn)m  the  following  localities: 

Arizona:  Camp  (•.nut,  2;  Oracle.  ■'>;  Pr<>iM-ot(.  1  (skin,  Am.  Mim.  Niit.  IliAt.): 
Santa  rati* ii'jit  MoiintaiiiH.  1  t»kiii>;  Tuiajatt  Altaa,  Yuma  County,  ',i;  Wkitu 
MtinutaiP'j,  1  (Hkin,  Am.  Miw.  Xat.  Hist.). 


MY0TI8  CALIFORNICU8. 


71 


Califnruiti:  Amsu'KOHA  Hivnr,  Mobavo  Dest-rt,  1;  Knnniiig,  1;  C'altto,  1;  Colo- 
rsido  Dt'Bvrt,  1;  Duutli  Vnlloy,  14  (incliidiiig  Uennctt  Wells,!;  Fuiieriil 
Mountains,!;  Suratuga  Hprings,  6);  Diilziiru,!'*  (tS  skins,  Miller  coll.);  Kiist 
Fork  Kaweah  Uivi-r,  3;  Fort  (.'rook,  1;  Fort  Tejon,  !1;  Old  Fort  Yiiniii,  !; 
Jacunilin,  Sun  Dief^o  County,  !;  Korn  KivtT  (25  niilos  ahovo  K*-rnvilli*).  1; 
Monterey,!;  Mount  Hliasta,  1;  Nicasio,  7;  I'otalunia,  1 ;  I'oint  Rcyos,  5;  San 
C'li-nuaito  iHlantI,  3;  Hanta  Barbara,  ! ;  Santa  Yttalx;!,  San  Die^o  ('ounty,23; 
Tcjoii  I'lWH,  ! ;  Trns  I'inoM,  ! ;  Twin  Oaks,  San  Diofru  County,  ! ;  Witch  Crt^-k, 
San  Diego  County,  7. 

(,'hiliiiakua:  KiiHt  siilc  of  San  Luis  Mountains,  :(. 

Lower  Calirornia:  Cape  St.  Lucas,  2  (T.  ohHCNrwi'  11.  .\II«mi):  San  I'mianilo, :! 
(Miller  coll.). 

N<-Vii<l»:  Colorado  River,  2;  Cottonwood  Kange,  4;  (iold  Mountain,  I'.HUieralda 
County,  2;  Palirunip  Valley,  !;  Panaca,  Lincoln  County,  !;  Ve^aM  N'allcy, 
Lincoln  ('(Uinty,  !. 

New  .Mexico:  Fort  hetianoe,  1;  Fort  Win};»te,  2;  SilverCity  I  (Hkiu). 

Oregon:  Elgin,  1;  .John  Day  River,  3;  Twelve  Mile  Creek,  2. 

Texas:  Paiaaiio,  !. 

Wiutliington:  AIniota,  Wliitn'.;ii  County,  1;  itlae  Creek,  I;  Cln-lan,  !. 

Wvoniing:  Ititter  Creek,  Sweetwater  County,  2  (skins.  Am.  .Mus.  Nat.  Ilirit.); 
Bull  Lake,  L 


KWi  LS—Teietli  of  (a)  ifyoti*  enU/nmirwi,  (h)  M.  §ubulalut,  (r)  M.  rmtio.  niiil  (rf )  U.  thfiMnndtn  (  <  S.) 


itics: 

list.): 
A'hite 


treneral  remarks. — Typical  Myotin  mlifornicuH  varies  coiiHi<1i>riiuly  in 
(Hilor,  Hixe,  and  ])ro|)ortionR,  but  may  ahvayH  \w  re<'ogiiixiMl  aiiioii;>: 
Norlli  American  and  Mexican  Hpecios  by  it8  Hinall  .size,  Hlciidor  form, 
•lelicate  membranes,  loiifir  tail  and  lef^M,  Hniitll  feet,  and  pale  yellowiHli 
color.  Myotin  ymnnnen»in,  the  only  other  HpeeieM  of  e«|iially  smtill  Hi/.e,  h:i8 
runHpicuouHly  shorter  legs,  larger  fi>et,  shorter  tail,  and  thicker  mem 


■w 


72 


NOHTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


braiiee.    The  species  resembliug  M,  caliiornicH*  in  fonii  are  all  conspic- 
nitoMly  larger. 

In  his  ruceiit  monograph  Dr.  Harrison  Allen  nses  the  name  Vesper- 
tilio  nUidwt  for  Myotw  califomivut.  As  subspecies  of  cMli/ornicus  he 
includes  M.  yumanensin  (  - '  Vespertilio  nitidHn  mairopuH^)^  M.  vaUfor- 
nicH9  eiliolabrum,  and  M.  luci/uf/u»  longlcrus  (='  VenpertUio  nititlm 
longicrwi^).  Vespertilio  melanorhintui,  a  synonym  of  M.  fYi/i/omiVM«,  he, 
however,  refers  to  '  V.  alheHcenit^  {  ^  M.  yumaneHHi*)  as  a  subsjiecies, 
*  Ve»pertH%o  alhescens  meUimtrhinnH.'' 

MYOTI8  (;ALIF0|{NI(JII.S  CAITR1NU8  siilwp.  nov. 

Tttpr  rrnni  Miwsett,  Queen  Clinrlotte  iHlttiida,  MritiBli  (.'uliimliia.  Ailiilt.  ,/  (in  »loo- 
liol).  No.  T22\9,  W.  8.  National  Mufwiim  (Itiolngical  Snrvey  collection).  Collecteil 
in  IKtri  oy  .1.  II.  Kt>«n. 

(ieographic  diHtrihution. — The  humid  coast  district  of  British  Cohim- 
bia,  Washington,  and  Oregon  (pitssibly  also  of  northern  <'a!ifornia). 

(ieneral  characterit. — Siniil-.ir  to  typical  .)/.  rali/arHU'uitj  hut  very  nuirli 
darker  in  color. 

Ertr»j  memhraneit,  feet,  and  fur. — As  in  typical  valifornicuft. 

Color. — Very  deep,  fre<]uently  almost  blackish  sepia  throughout, 
slightly  yellowish  on  lielly,  the  fur  everywhertt  blackish  plunilH*ous  at 
base. 

MeiuuremenUt. — See  table,  page  74. 

Spei'imens  exaniined.— Total  number,  14,  from  the  following  lo«.'alities: 

KriiiHliColiimltia:  Port  Momly,  1;  M  <im;tt,  i». 

l>ri>K<>n:  Marmot,  I  (nkin). 

WashinKt^in :  Fort  SteilaciNtni,  1;  Pnget  Sound,  '.'.;  Teiiino,  1. 

Qenvral  rttnarkit. — In  color  Myotin  cali/orHicHS  amriMHx  closely  re- 
sembl<.'s  dark  s|)ecimens  of  .)/.  ealifornivuft  niejricanmt.  It  is  reailily 
distinguishable  from  the  latter,  however,  by  i'i;s  much  smaller  siK<>. 

MYOTIS  CAIilFOKNR'lJS  (^ILIOLAItKUM  (Merriim). 

1886.   Ve»pertiUo  viliolahrHm  Merrium,  I'roo.  Itiol.  Soc.  Waaliington,  IV.  |i.  I. 
1893.   rmjMTfi/io  nilidHM  cUioliihnim  II.  Allon.  MonoKr.  HatH  N.  Am.,  (t.  101  (part). 

Typf  locality. — Trego  (Jounty,  Kansas. 

Oeitgraphie  diiitrihutioH. — Trego  County,  Kanssis,  and  cei  ■  ntl  iS<»uth 
Dakota.     Limits  of  range  wholly  unknown. 

(ieneral  remarks. — Similar  to  typicitl  M.  cali/orHu-wij  but  very  much 
paler  in  color. 

Ears. — in  form  the  ears  of  Myotis  califomiens  eiliolabrnm  are  as  in 
typical  ^f.  ealifomicHs.    They  average,  however,  slightly  larger. 

Membranes. — The  membranes  are  thin  '\\u\  tntnsluceut.  Wing.s  from 
base  of  toes,  and  entirely  naked  except  a  narrow  line  close  to  the  body. 
Uropatagium  thinly  haired  on  proximal  flflh  ventrally  and  on  pmxiiiuil 
half  dorsally,  otherwise  nake<l,  but  with  a  few  hairs  along  the  veins. 

Feet. — The  feet  are  moderately  large,  about  half  the  length  of  the  Libia, 


MYOTIS   CALIFOUNICII8    MKXICANUS. 


73 


tlio  tocH  longer  tliiiii  tliu  Mile.  A  (IJHtiiivt  wart  at  lieol.  (3a)car  nleiidcr, 
distinct,  about  equal  to  free  bonier  of  intertenioral  nieinbrano,  terminat- 
ing in  a  small  but  distinct  lobule  and  noticeably  keeled  along  |>o8ierior 
edge.    The  keel  is  sui>i>orted  by  1  to  3  cartilaginous  processes. 

Fur  and  color. — Except  for  its  unusual  extension  on  tlie  ba<;k  of  the 
uropatagium  the  fur  shows  no  ]HM'uli:irities  in  distribution. 

In  color  the  fur  is  pale  yellowish  white  throughout.  The  ears,  mu/.zle, 
and  chin  are  dark  brown  in  strong  contrast.  Membranes  light  brown 
with  pale  e<lges. 

MrnHnrnnents. — Sec  table,  page  74. 

SpirininiH ennui iml. — Total  number  I. 't,  from  tlie  foUowing  localities: 

KiiiisnK  :  Trtsffo  County, «!. 

Soil*!)   Ilitkotn:  Carroll  l>ru>%',  i'iii*;  Kid^r  liidiiiii  Kt-Herviilion,  7  (HkiiiH  Am. 
Mim.  Nut.  liiHt. ). 

(ieimral  rcmarhs. — Myotis  vaii/oniivitH  vlUoUihrmn  is  a  pale,  whitish, 
rare  of  M.  cali/orniriis,  presenting  the  opposite  extreme  from  M.c.cau- 
rinttx.  Except  in  color,  1  can  not  lind  that  it  differs  in  any  constant 
characters  from  typical  caliJ'or>iini:t.  The  spe(;imens  fnnn  <  Jrant  (Jojinty, 
N.  Mex.,  referred  to  in  the  original  descri]>tion  of  M.  c.  cHiolahrum  are 
undoubtedly  true  valiJhruiviiH,  as  are  those  tVom  I>eath  N'allcy  referred 
to  this  subspecies  by  Dr.  Harrison  Allen. 


MYOTIS  CALIFOUNICIIS  MKXICANUS  (SuuHHiiro). 

18(i().    I'fKperlUio  mericatniH  SaiiHHiir-,  KNniic  ot  May.  <lo  Zool.,  Hi*  ser.,  XIl.p.  2S2. 
|S«M;.    l'in{)irlilio  tniiiin  M.  AIUmi.  I'riM;.  Acail.  Nat.  Sri.  I'liilii.,  |>.  liSi'  (Miratloi,  M«x.). 

Typo  locality. — irnknown,  but  probably  Vera  (/ru/,  Puebia,  or 
( )axaca. 

<leo(jraphic  distrihution. — Austral  and  Transition  zones  in  central 
and  southern  Mexico  (iSan  Luis  I'otosi,  Michoacan,  and  Oaxaca). 
Limits  of  range  not  known. 

(Ivuvral  vharactcrx. — Slightly  larger  than  typii^al  Myotis  vali/oniinis, 
and  averaging  somewhat  darker  and  yellower  in  color. 

Earn,  uii'mhranes,  feet,  ami  fur. — As  in  typical  valifoniicUH. 

(Jolor. — Dull  yell<»wish  brown,  .><lightly  paler  on  the  belly.  Mem- 
branes ami  ears  in  dry  skins  blat-kish.  Two  in)mature  specimens  from 
i:eyes,()axaca,areconsiderably  darker  than  anyof  the  adults,  but  other 
wise  a  series  of  thirteen  skins  shows  vi'ry  little  individual  variation. 

Skull  and  tvrth. — As  in  typical  raliforiiivus. 

MeaHHtrnientx. — See  table,  page  74. 

Spceimim  examined. — Total  number  r»I,  from  the  following  localities: 

Mit-lioiiran:  r»t/.oiiiiro.  It  (SitkinH). 
Onxaca:  Ciiinttlaii,  1;  Keyen,  5  (skins). 
Sun  Luis  I'otoHi:  linfienda  La  runiiln,  \. 


74 


NORTH   AMERICAN    FAUNA. 

Artrat/e  meMHremenU  of  tubtpetHea  of  Mfioli$  califorHUm». 


Kiil>Mpm-l«ii. 


eaUfomiau*. 


eiluitnbnim . 


tnfjneanuji. 


I^M'ality. 


t  i-a 


('■llforiiln:  Sani(nKit.S|iriiiKii if.fm    {»0 

IhMiih  Viillxy Is        I77.  k':w.  H 


Arixonii:  OracI*' 599 


82     »9 


U 


llritialirolninhia:  MiiNaett  If 

MitHM'tt !  0 

KannMN :  Ti«|{it  ('oiliity j  191 

'l'rt<K"('"*i"ty •'■        8«t.  2:hi 

MiuliiHicuii:  I'atiu'iiaro ;  10      HI. MM 


i  i 


B 
S 


til-  % 


(h     H    ^ 


5 


U.2  5.4»l.a  4    |K8 

1:1.  i»  ri.7:ii  4.  i;s6.4 

14.4  «     :R!  4.2|57 

14    I  7    !a2  5    Im 


14.3;  o.u 

I'J.U  o.» 
14     ^tO 

r.'.R  K 


i;i.  H  n.  tiRi.  I  4.:iM.  ili:i.-/  ».:> 


i."i 


:i:i 


«     M     14    I  0    I 
14  11  0.8:12.8  .'i.4V>7     u.nio    I 

I. -J  .vo;m.  1  4.4  00    u   I  ».o 


8 
8.3 


7.1 

H.8 
H.  ,% 


'Ty|N-. 

MYOTIS  NKiRICANS  (Miixiiiiilian^. 

IH26.    t'eaperlilio  nigrifann  "Soliinz,  Tliiorreicli  11.  s.  w.,  It.  I,  p.  17!*"   iMaxiiiiiliiin, 

lleitriign  /.nr  NiitiirKeHcli.  v.  ItrosilitMi,  II,  p.  2<i(i. 
1K78.    Vrtptrtilio  nigrivann  DoIihoii,  Cutitl.  Cliiroptern  Itrit.  Miih.,  |t..'tn). 
18iK).    I'uipertilio  Hiiiriiami  H.  Allen,  MnnoKr.  ItntH  N.  Am.,  p.  !N]. 

Type  hcality. — Kiuoiida  de  Xha,  near  tite  Iritihii  ItivtM*,  southeiLstt^ii 
Brazil. 

fJeoffraphir  tliHtrihution. — Tropical  Ainerij'ta,  imrth  t«»  fxtremo  .sontli 
orn  Mexico  (Clilapas).    LiinitH  of  raiip-  not  known. 

(irnet'ttl  vhnravfvt'H, — About  tlic  hI/coI"  typical  Mifotiiivdii/orniciis,  luit 
with  8lii;litly  larger  foot  and  sniallor  ears;  fur  on  hack  not  distinctly 
darker  at  base  than  at  tip. 

KarM. — The  ears  are  slis[htly  smaller  than  in  M.  cali/ornu'UM,  but  not 
different  in  form. 

MenihroneH. — As  in  }f.  rnli/ornhuH. 

Feet. — The  feet  are  relatively  larger  than  in  ^f.  (Yi/»/V)rMu'»/«,  butsnntller 
tlian  |n  M.  yumamtmiH.  ('alcar  about  as  long  as  free  border  of  uropa- 
ttigiuni,  terminating  in  a  small  but  distinct  lobe;  keel  obsolete. 

Fur  and  coUtr. — Fur  short,  that  on  middle  of  bsick  averaging  a  little 
less  than  6  mm.  in  length,  nearly  nnicolor  on  back  but  distinctly  bicolor 
on  belly.  Back  clove  brown  (lighter  than  No.  2  on  IM.  II I  of  llidgway's 
Nomenclature  of  Colors),  the  hairs  Just  perceptibly  darker  at  base  and 
with  glossy  tips,  which  in  ci^rtain  lights  produce  a  slightly  grizzled 
api)earance.  Belly  light  broccoli  brown,  the  basal  half  of  the  hairs 
deep  plumWons.  Ears  and  membranes  blackish  in  dry  skins.  A  series 
of  ten  skins  from  lluehuetan,  Chiapas,  shows  no  variation  in  color. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Myoth  n)V/nVa/<x  (Hgs.  lU*  and  iLVi)  is  slightly 
smaller  than  that  of  M.  mlifornivuH,  and  has  a  shorter  rostrum  and 
less  frontal  concavity  in  the  dorsal  outline.  The  dilti^ren(;es  are  slight, 
but  very  evident  when  scries  are  compared. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  of  Myoti»  nigricam  do  not  ditter  appreciably  from 
tliose  of  M,  mlifornicuH. 


MYOTIS   HUHULATirS. 


75 


Meaaurrnientn.--T\n*  avcragu  ineiuiiiremuiitH  of  10  s\H'v'iu\tMs  o(  Myotiii 
u'ujricanH  fruiii  lluuhiietau,  Cliiupas  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Arrratjv  HieaaiirtmeHli  of  10  HjHfimettM  of  Myolin  ni(i)i<ani. 


l.iM'alit.v. 


3  • 

a 


51      s 


CliiiipaH,  nnoliiiKtan j  109$ 


76.7 


a 

i 

1 

H 

1 

a 

.a 
H 

|l 

II 

Width  of 

as 

13.6 

0.0 

in.  5 

4.4 

w 

1X7 

N.« 

H 
A.6 


Sprcimnut  i:r»m'nu'.il. — TotuI  nuuilM>r, .'ti;  all  from  llnt^linutan, Cliia|taM 
(altitndu  alMMit  MM  fet't). 

(inirral  nmiarkK. — Mifotiit  nujrivanH  (litlers  from  .1/.  vaHj'ornk'UH  in 
numoronH  (characters,  e.'ich  of  which  is  trivial  in  it>df  bnt  which  with 
the  others  ^'ous  to  nntke  np  a  snm  <|uitc  dift'urcnt  from  that  shown  by 
any  other  North  American  bat.  The  constani'y  in  eohn*  of  the  10  skins 
l>y  which  this  species  is  represented  in  the  Hiological  Snrvey  collection 
is  very  renuirkuble. 

MYOTIS  SnUTLATUS  (Say).     Siiyn  Hiit. 

|S2:^.  f  Ve»}i«rtilio  Hiibuldluii  Sny,  Loiig'n  Kxjtod.  t<>  Horky   MtH.,   II,  p.  (V),  footiioto 

(ArkiiiiHnH  Hivor,  iicnr  La  .hiiitii,  Coloradn). 
\HM.    t  UMiwrtilio  Kuhiilnliin  II.  Alien,  MtinoKr  N.  Ain.  Wtitu,  |).  'il. 
|n7x.    1'inpnliliit  HtihulnluH  Uolmiin,  ('iitul.  <'liin>|t(<-rii  Itrit.  Miih.,  ji.  \\2\. 
IS'KI.    I  eMprrlilio  nrjiphiia  var.  (h).  Nortlicni   I'oriii  of  \'t»iifflilio  urt/phini,  li.  Allen, 

MunoKr.  ItiitH  X.  .\ni.,  ]i.  KO. 
!S!)7.    f'iMitrrtilio  griiplnin  var.  Heitleulrionaliit  TriiiieHfliirt,  Ciitnl.  Mniuiii.  t.  Viviait.  q. 

F08H.,  p.  Kit.     (Only  nnnio  nniloiil)t«>illy  liiiHoil  <in  thin  nninial. ) 

Type  loniiUtf. — Arkansas  Itiver,  near  La  tlnnta,  (/olorado. 

(ivnyraphical  tiistrihiitioii. — North  America  east  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. 

(hneral  clmrncterH. — Size  medium;  length  SO  to  \H\;  forearm  34  to 
.57.  (Jalcar  slender,  sli<jhtly  longer  than  free  b«»rder  of  uropatagium, 
terminating  indistinctly  or  with  a  slightly  developed  lobule;  ke<'l  rudi- 
mentsiry  or  ab.sent.  Free  border  of  uropatagium  naked.  Kars  hmg, 
reaching  2  t4>  a  mm.  beyond  tip  of  no.se.     VVings  from  b.'^.sc  of  toes. 

Hars. — The  ears  (fig.  l.'Wj)  are  long  and  slender,  re.udiing  when  laid 
forward, 2  to  Tt  mm.  beyond  tip  of  nose.  Anterior  binder  straight  from 
liasc  to  near  middle,  then  for  a  varying  distance  moderately  ccmvex, 
tinally  straight  to  narrowly  rounded  oH'  tip.  Posterior  border  concave 
from  point  immediately  below  tip  to  about  middle,  where  it  becomes 
convex  and  continues  so  to  basal  notch.  Itasal  notch  strongly  nnirked, 
isolating  a  narrow  iind  very  conspicuous  lobe. 

Tragus  slender,  straight,  or  slightly  bent  backward.  Anterior  bor- 
der straight  throughout  or  slightly  convex  near  tip.  Posterior  border 
straight  or  evenly  and  slightly  concave  from  tip  to  widest  |Hiint,  which 
is  opi>osite  or  slightly  above  level  of  anterior  base.    Basal  lobe  small, 


76 


NORTH   AMKRICAN    FAUNA. 


width  of  tragus  through  lobe  always  much  Ichh  tliaii  width  nt  baNO  of 
anterior  edge. 

MembraneH. — The  membranes  are  thin  and  trauHluccnt,  nal(ed  except 
for  a  narrow  line  close  to  the  binly.  On  the  uropataginm  the  furred 
region  occupies  the  basal  fourth  dorsally,  rather  less  vcntrally,  other- 
wise the  mendtrane  is  naked  except  for  scatteretl  hairs  along  the  veins. 
Wings  from  base  of  toes. 

Feet. — The  foot  is  moderately  large,  abtuit  half  as  long  as  tibia.  Toes 
longer  than  stde,  united  by  nuunbrane  at  base  to  a  little  b<>youd  middle 
of  proximal  ]dialang(>s,  and  sprinkled  with  coarse  hairs  on  dorsal  sur 
face.  Oalcar  slemler,  equal  to  or  slightly  longer  than  free  ed};e  of  inter- 
femoral  membrane,  terminating  indistinctly  or  with  an  ill-detlned  lobe. 
Keel  rutlimeritary  or  absent. 

Fur  and  mhr. — The  fur  is  full  and  soft,  but  shows  no  peeuliarities 
in  distribution.  In  color  it  apparently  does  not  ditl'cr  from  typical  M. 
hmfnguH;  but  t04»  few  skins  are  now  available  to  determine  the  limits 
of  variation. 

(SAu//.— The  skull  of  Mjioih  Huhulatus  resembles  that  of  M.emtiH  so 
closely  that  it  is  imimssible  to  distinguish  with  certainty  between  the 
two.  In  M.  Huhulatitx  the  skull  is  very  slightly  smaller,  but  the  differ- 
ence is  trifling  and  intangible.  The  skull  of  M.  HubuUUvH  docs  not 
closely  resemble  that  of  M.  lunfugns. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  of  Myotis  Huhiilotwt  (fig.  15  h)  agree  in  form  aiid 
relative  si/.e  with  those  of  M.  emtis,  and  I  am  unable  to  find  any  dlfi'er- 
ei  es  by  which  to  separate  them.  They  ditfer,  however,  in  many 
details  from  the  teeth  of  M.  Iuri/iu/un. 

MeuHuremeniH. — See  table  on  page  77. 

Speeimenn  ex«/M/mv/.— Total  number  5.'{,  from  tiie  following  loiialities: 

Albfli-tn:  Near  Kod  Dwm-,  I  (skin,  Millnrroll.)- 

IllinoiH:  (.'liicitfro,  I. 

Indiuiin:  ltro<>kvill«%  I;  \Vlii>iitliiiul,  I. 

Kuut.iicky:  Kiihaiiks,  2. 

Maine:  Kastport,  2. 

MaiylaiKl:  ForoHt  (ileii,  MnntKoinnry  County,  2  (Miller  coll.). 

MaHWiclinwtts:  WuotlH  Hole,  1. 

MiiiiD-Hotn:  KIk  River,  2. 

MisHOiiri:  Marble  Cnve,  9. 

New  York:  llainmondvillt',  12  (Merriam  coll.);  Hemlock  Lake,  I;  HiKhlaiid 

FuIIh,  I ;  iiake  (ieur);e,  H;  reterltoro,  2  (Miller  roll.). 
Ontario:  Mount  ForeHt,  1  (skin.  Miller  coll.);  North  Hay,  I  (Miller  coll.). 
I'ennHylvania:  Meadville,  1. 

Quebec:  Gmlbout,  1  (Merriam  coll.);  Ottawa,  3  (.Merriam  coll.). 
TeunoHftee:  I(«>llamy8  Cave,  1. 
Virginia:  Alexandria,  1. 
Weat  Virginia:  Aurora,  2  (Merriam  coll.). 
Wiaconnin:  Uayfield,  1. 

Oeneral  remarks. — Myotis  Huhulatun  may  lie  distingnished  from  M. 
lumfugus^  the  only  s|M;cies  with  which  it  is  likely  to  be  <»nfused,  by  its 
narrower  skull,  longer  ears,  and  longer,  more  shai'ply  pointed  tragus. 


MYOTI8    EVOTI8. 


77 


MYOTIH  Hl'ltl'LATl'iS  KKKNll  (M«>rriiiiii). 

IMt'i.   I'etperliliu  »iilmliilu>i  keeuii  Merriaiii,  Aiiicrii-iin  NiiluruliHt,  WIX,  p.  >*HU,  Hflji- 
teiiilx-r  I,  IM!>ri. 

7'i//M'  Imality. — MtiHsett,  QiU'Oii  Clmrlotte  Islands,  British  Columbin. 
Type  ill  U.  iS.  Niitioiial  Musimiiii  (lliolugical  Survey  collection).  Adult 
?  ,  No.  7J92L>  (ill  altoliol). 

(itoyraphic  tlintr  Unit  ion. — Mifotix  mibulatiiH  krniii  is  at  present  known 
iVoni  the  type  locality  only.  It  doubtleHs  occurs  tlii'oii;;hout  most  of 
the  humid  northwest  coast  district. 

(irnvral  charm-iers  -About  i  lie  size  of  typical  Myotin  HuhulntUH,  but 
with  longer  tiiil  and  t  .irs;  color  much  darker  than  in  true  nubulatun. 

Karn. — The  ears  of  M.  Hithulntm  hruii  (llg.  l.'i /*)  average  distinctly 
huiger  than  those  of  typical  «>r/^H/f(//f.<(  from  the  eastern  Tnited  States, 
but  do  not  ditl'er  in  form. 

Fur  ami  mlor. — The  fur  appears  t<»  bo  longer  than  in  true  ^vbttUttUM^ 
and  considerably  darker  in  color,  but  with  alcoholic  Hpecimens  only  for 
comparison  it  is  impossible  to  determine  the  degree  of  ditlerence 
between  the  two  forms.     Membranes  and  ears  blackish. 

MinHurrmvntH. — See  table  below. 

SpeviiHcnH  ej-amineH. — Total  number  ."5,  all  from  the  type  locality. 

(UwralremarkH. —  Myotis  Hi(bulatmkrriiii  is  a  well-marked  rsice,  char- 
acterized, like  the  other  bats  of  the  humid  northwest  coast  district,  by 
darkness  of  color.  In  addition  to  its  color  ditVeieiices  it  has  hmgerears 
than  its  eastern  representative,  in  this  respect  showing  much  the  saiue 
variation  as  M.  Uwifiiym  alascenaix. 

Meaiuremvntii  of  Hubxpevica  of  Myolia  $ubHlaiuit. 


Siilmptfieit. 


a       =  q 

Urn'- 


\i  4 


tiibtitatut New  York  :  llHiiini<>ii<lvillr In         85.  G  38.  8  17. 2  7. 6  :tr>.  7   8.  .1  61  Ifl.  3  lU.  'i  !•.  T 

IJiielHt:  liiHllNMil :;  '  ,•  «l)     3«.  H  IB.  4  7..'>;(3.  8   fl.  5  .'W  !.'•.«   '.».  8    I 

I 

!  MiiuMiiiri;   Marl.U'Ciivo H         85. 3:«.  ."i  17,  1  «      39.3   6.'i  flllll.7l0.7   »    : 

ktenii ,  Itritiiili  <'oliiiiil>i»:    MimHCtt  I  ,'  >    Mtl     41      Hi  4  B.xno       li  6017.411       !«  •'• 

MiiHHOIt J3        ,84. 3;4U.  6,10. 3;  8.3,35.  3,  I)     ,  58 ,17. 8  lU.  H,  U. « 


I 


MYOTIS   KVOTia  (H.  Allou).     Long-eare.l  Hiit. 


IMVI.   ratpfrHlio  ernti$  II.  Allen,  MonoKf.  Bnta  N.  Am.,  ]t.  ts. 
1S78.   Feapertilio  erotit  Dobitou,  Catal.  Chiroptxtra  Itrit.  MiiB.,  p.  324. 
1803.   VeBpertilio  albmcena  erotit  H.  Allen,  Moiio^r.  N.  Am.  Uata,  p.  K9. 
1896.   re$ptrtilio  tOtryaonotHs  .1 .  A.  Allen,  Hnll.  Am.  Miih.  Nat.  Hist.,  VIII,  p.  240,  No- 
yember  21,  18il6.     Kinney  Kauch,  Sweetwater  County,  Wyoming. 

Type  localitjf. — Not  stated,  and  no  type  designated.     In  the  original 
description  siiecimens  are  mentioned  from  the  upiier  Missoari  River, 


78 


NOKTII    AMKKICAN    FAUNA. 


fill 


aud  tliu  I'iuailc  uotiHt  rroiii  l*ii|;«t  SimiikI  to  rti|ie  St.  KiiniH.    MontiMvy, 
Cal.(oiie  uf  the  lociUitioM  given),  iiiuy  be  Holcctetl  an  tliu  ty|H)  lociility. 

Geographic  (liHtrihuiion. — AiiHtml  iumI  Traiisitinn  /.ones  t'roiii  I  ho 
Paciflc  (Joa.Ht  t<»  the  eaMteni  utlgu  of  the  Itocky  MoiiutuiiiH;  Houth  to 
Vera  Crust. 

i^aienil  ehanu-terH. — Size  large;  length  HTt  to  1>2;  foreurni  3«»  to  l.'i. 
Calciir  longer  than  free  iNinler  of  uro|Hitagiiun,  Nlender,  diHtinet,  and 
with  a  >nore  or  leiM  well-d('velo|ied  lolmle  at  the  tip.  Vnw  binder  ol' 
UMpatagiuiiii  naked  or  very  indiHtinetly  uiliati\  KarH  very  long,  reaeh- 
ing  7  to  10  mm.  beyond  tip  of  iiotte.     Wing  frtnn  luiHe  of  toes. 

KarH. — TheearH  (IM.  I,  tig.  (i)are  long  and  slender;  laid  forward  they 
reach  voii8iderably  (7  to  lOmm.)  beyond  tip  of  nose.  Anterior  bonier 
of  auricle  regularly  convex  from  base  to  a  point  slightly  beyond  mid- 
dle, thence  straight  or  nearly  so  to  the  tip.  Posterior  lH>rder  slightly 
ctmcuve  immiMliately  below  tip  «»f  ear,  then  gradually  and  nuNlerately 
convex  to  base.  Masai  lobe  strongly  develofied,  and  notched  on  the 
lower  border.  The  auricle  is  usually  niarke<l  with  three  or  four  diHtiiict 
crosH  ridges. 

Tragus  long,  slender,  and  pointed.  The  iuiterior  border  straight  or 
slightly  concave  from  base  to  about  mid  height,  then  moderately  coti- 
vex,  the  terminal  third  or  fourth  usually  straight.  Posterior  Ixuder 
with  a  small  but  distinet  lobe  at  base.  Above  this  lobe  the  nmrgin 
bends  abruptly  outward  for  a  varying  distance,  sometimes  fornnng  a 
sharp  and  conspieuous  angle  with  the  h>\ver  end  of  the  concavity  which 
extends  downward  from  the  tip  of  the  tragus,  in  other  cases  separated 
from  the  latter  by  a  region  of  varying  extent  in  which  the  posterior  and 
anterior  borders  are  parallel.  These  variations  bring  about  striking 
contrasts  in  the  form  of  the  lower  part  of  the  tragus  in  ditferent  indi- 
viduals, and  suggest  the  existence  of  more  than  one  species  or  race. 
Specimens  from  approximately  the  same  region,  however,  show  both 
extremes  and  intermediate  conditions. 

Membraneit. — The  membranes  are  thin  and  light.  I  ^ropatagiuiu  hairy 
on  bas:)]  tlfth,  otherwise  naked  ex<-ept  for  a  few  hairs  along  the  nerves 
and  on  the  free  border.    Wing  from  base  of  toes  (PI.  II,  tigs,  li  and  4). 

Feet. — The  feet  are  UKHlerately  large,  slightly  less  than  half  as  long 
as  tibia>.  Toes  (without  claws)  distinctly  longer  than  sole  and  united 
by  membrane  through  basal  third  of  proxiuuil  phalanges.  Whole  dor- 
sal surface  of  foot  sprinkled  with  stitl'  hairs.  Calcar  distinct,  equal  to 
or  longer  than  free  Irarder  of  uropatagium,  terminating  in  a  lobule  of 
varying  distinctness.    Posterior  border  never  distinctly  keeled. 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  is  full,  soft,  and  not  peculiar  in  distribution. 
It  is  light  yellowish  brown,  paler  ventrally,  the  hairs  everywhere  dusky 
slate  at  base.  The  absence  of  a  series  of  skins  of  this  bat  makes  it 
impossible  to  describe  the  color  accurately  or  compare  it  in  detail  with 
that  of  its  allies,  M.  thyHanoile»  and  M.  Mubulatux.  A  skin  from  Shuswap, 
British  Columbia,  has  the  fur  of  the  ba<:k  dull,  pale  raw  umber,  the 


tl 
tk 


bl 
th 
Ih 


N« 
ev 


1IYOTI8    KVOTIR. 


79 


(limky  buHUH  of  tliu  liiiiiH  Hliov'iii|r  tliioiigli  tiloiiK  the  HidoH.  Tii«  lielly 
is  light  bro4MM>li  brown.  In  trout  of  the  shoulder  uiid  jiiHt  below  it  in 
»  Hinull  tttwiiy  olive  uresi  which  coiitrttMtH  Htroiigly  wiih  the  «'4>Ior  of  the 
U'lly.  Ill  iiiiother  H|MX'iiiieti  (No.  1382,  colltrtioii  of  Dr.  C.  Hurt  Mer- 
riiiiii,  Hull  Heriiiirdiiio  MoiiiituiiiH,  Califoriiiu,  August  14,  1885,  K. 
Steplu'UH)  flu)  eolor  is  Miniihir  but  u  shiide  paler  iiiul  yellower  through- 
out, the  durk  IttiseMof  the  liairH  nowhere  showing  through.  Nodurk 
K.hade  ill  front  of  shoiihler.  This  H|M'ciiiieii  is  praeliailly  uidiHtinguish 
iible  ill  (;olor  from  the  palest  e.\uinple8  of  M.  thynnmnttf,  but  the  fur  is 
iMiich  darker  at  base  and  the  general  color  i8  slightly  clearer  yellow, 
with  the  tips  of  the  hairs  more  gloHsy.  Other  skins  are  duller  aud 
less  yeMow. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Mifolin  erotin  eipials  that  of  M.  tkynanoiU'H  in 
length  and  mastoid  bremlth,  but  is  narrower  across  zygomata  and  has 
the  occiput  less  elevated.  The  occipital  outline  is  rounded  as  in  M. 
thf/HH iioileM^  and  the  occipital  crest  i8  very  slightly  develo|M'd.  Fore- 
head rising  above  the  inu/xie  grsMlually,  in  this  reM|)ect  also  resem- 
bling .1/.  IhyntimuivH.  KoHtrum  more  slender  than  in  M.  reli/tr  or  M. 
thi/HawnliH.  Pterygoids  and  posterior  part  of  palatines  as  in  M. 
thtiHtinoiU'H. 

The  skull  of  Myntin  erolin  is  easily  distinguishe<l  from  that  of  all  other 
North  American  species  except  ^1/.  Mulmlntus.  From  the  latter,  how- 
ever, it  dirters  merely  in  very  slightly  larger  size. 

TiTth. — 111  dental  characters  Myotin  erotin  dtmn  not  difl'er  esHentially 
from  M.  Ihynamnk'H.  The  premolars  apparently  show  less  teiideucy  to 
crowding,  but  1  can  tiiid  no  tangible  ditference  in  form  or  relative  size 
(Hg.  l'>  c). 

MeasnrementH. — The  measurements  of  8  spocimeiis  of  Myotin  emii» 
from  eight  hicsilities  are  given  in  the  following  table: 

MvanHtttHVHU  of  S  apecimtttn  of  iljfolit  vvotUfrom  8  loi-alilie». 


1 

s 

1 

i 

LiNulHy. 

1 
85 

I 

41 

1 

H 

10 

1 

8 

1 

^ 

d 
H 

64 

§3 
S 

10.4 

"s 

M 

3 
is 

11.8 

1 
H 

XViijitiiiiffliiii '   KiihIoii 

36 

7 

10.  a 

W.voniiiit;:  Ki'iiirj-  Kjincli 

Califurnia:  Iii.vn  MuuiitaiiiH    .. 

9' 

18 

8.0 

40 

7 

80 

43 

W 

:i8 

8 

63 

33 

14.6 

n 

Ow«u8  I^ikv 

V 

ai 

43 

17.  fl 

38 

6.4 

63 

33 

13.  t 

13.4 

Sail  Joa<|iiiii  Klver 

■  f 

02 

43 

1» 

38 

6 

62 

22 

13.6 

13 

Twin  OukH 

9 

9 

w 

8S 

42 
4U 

18.  S 
18 

7.8 

37 
36.6 

6.4 

7 

z 

63 

31 
23 

13 
14.6 

11 

Ni'voilit !  I'lihntnaK*^  Valley  . . . 

13 

d' 

01 

43 

20 

40.4 

6 

67 

30 
30 

U 

11 

■Tyiie  of  Vr»iM>rtiUtt  ekryion'^tu*  J.  A.  AUttn. 


80 


NoliTII    AMKRICAN    FA(  NA. 


i 


SiHriweH-i  ijnmineti. — Totiil  iniiiibur  3'J,  troiii  tlii^  rollowiii|>:  locsilitieH: 

Ari/.oiiit:  Cliiricnliiiu  VnMiiitaiiiN,  t  (Hkiii,  Am.  Mim  Nsit.  lliMt.);  Sun  l''ruiiriH(ru 
Moiiiitiiiti,  I ;  SjiriiiK'irvillf, 'J  (itkiiiH);  Whit*-  M>tuiit»iiiH,  J  (HkiiiH,  Am.  .Miik. 
Nat.  IliHt.). 

llritiHli  (!iiliiiiil>iii:  SliiiNwap,  I  (Hkiii). 

CaliriMiiia:  Ihil/iiru,  :t  d'  HkiiiH,  .Milli-r  <iill.,  I.  Am.  M'ih.  Nat.  IliHt.);  Inyo 
M<>:iiititiiiH,  I;  Owimik  l.:tk<-,  t:  S:iii  Iti'tuarili'io  MoiiiiiaiiiH,  I  (Mkiii.  Mi-ninin 
coll.);  North  l-'<irk  S.m  .liiiti|iiiii  Kivor,  1;    Twin  OukH,  Sun  l>i)-;;o  County,  1. 

('Iiiliiiiilinit:  Stth  l.iiiM  MiM.,  I  iHkin) 

Coliirulo:  |jOv«-lanil.  I  ('.'HkiuH.  .Millt'i  roll. ). 

MtMitana:   Hot  S)irin<;H,  I. 

Nevaila :  <'oltonwoo<l  K'an;jiv  I;   I'aliranaKat  N'alloy.  !• 

Now  M«-\i<'(i:  \'i>riiM-io  liiviT,  I  (skini. 

Orut;oii:  lUim  ('r<t'k,  I;  lla»".,<.y,  1;  'I'muIvu  .Mil*- CrtM)k,  I. 

Vera  Vrnr.:  l'»!rot« ,  I. 

Wniibinutitii :  KumIoii,  I;  rolvillt-,  I. 

Wyoming:  Kill!  I  akud-a-HtoT  I''ioiim>iiI  I't-ak),  1;  Kiniirv  Itaiirh,  SwtHttwutvr 
Coiiii'y,  I  (Hkin,  .Viii.  Miis.  .Nat.  IliMt..  tv|i«  of  I',  ihrnmiuohix  .1.  A.  .MIimi). 

itfnrral  mmnkit. — Mifntis  rmtiit  i.s  so  totally  ilistiiirt  tVoiii  all  oIIht 
bat  <  ovciiri'iii^  in  Mr\i<-o  or  tlic  I'liitnl  tSla'rs  that  no  (Ictiiilcd  roiii 
IMir'Koii  with  any  is  nccdni.  Thr  only  .s|i<>ric.s  with  \^  hicli  it  coulil  li» 
t'oiilit.U'tl  an^  .1/,  tliifxamulrn  ami  M.  siihiilatiifi.  Thr  cars,  ho\v«'V<^r,  ;\vv 
iiiii«;h  lar^'T  than  in  cithrro)' thrtu',  anil  the  I'lrr  loi'dci' of  the  nropala- 
Kiniii  IH  iiit>v4>r  (h'lisi'ly  liairtMl,  as  in  .1/.  tlii/stiinnhs, 

Tiir<Mi);h  thu  kiiulin-ss  rl'  Dr.  .1.  A.  .Mlvn,  I  have  li«>l°orr  nn-  the  typu 
of  VeMinrlUio  vhrifMonotiiM  i'litiu  Kinn^'y  Itanch,  Wyuniint;.  I  am  nnahU^ 
to  iinii  that  it  liitl'crs  in  any  way  O'oin  MifoUx  i-ruth.  The  tail  is  iiinti 
latiMl  so  that  it  i;ivi's  no  chai.  ters.  The  forearhi  i.  only  2  mm.  lon;>e 
than  ill  the  largest  rrntiM  trom  the  dniteil  Slates  that  I  have  seen,  a 
(litlerenct^  Um  tKvial  to  he  taken  into  a<-eonnt.  In  eolor  the  ty|)e  of 
rhrifHOHolHK  is  a  barely  |»ei-ce|»tilile  shaue  yellower  tinin  skins  of  vrolin 
from  tiie  8aii  ltern:ir(lino  Mountains,  ralil'ornia.  anil  Venncjo  K'iver, 
New  Mexieo,  but  the  ililfereiiee  is  wholly  ineonsei|nentia!. 

MYliTIS   IIIV.xAMtKKS  k|..  sn.v .     rrii'i;(il   Hal. 

ISHl.    I  eninrlilio  iilhiMieiti  n  liirr  (suritity)  II.  Alh'ii,  .Mi>iio(;r.  llatH  N.  Am.,  |i.!t:i.     Dtil 

/lira,  I  'alit'oriiiii. 
ISSO.    \'e*iHrtUio  iilhrHiriiH  *(,.;(«  ||.  .Mli-ii,  .MoiioKr.  llatM  N.  Am.,  p.  tNMparl,  H|i*'i'im<-ii 

No.  •JIW'JV,  from  olii  l-'iiri  'rfjuii.  ralirorniii). 
TifiM   from  itM    lorl    IVion,    I  ujiritrnia.      Aiiiilt    V    (in  itlfoholi.     No.  '.ttS'.'T,  I'.  S. 
Naliuiiul  .MiiNoiim  i  Itiolo^jt  ^ij  .Siirviy  lolliMtiou).     ColiucttMl  July  5,  iSitl,  liy  T.  ^j. 
I'aiiiier.     OriKinitl  nnnilxT, '.'  >.'>. 

'Heof/ra/thir  dintrihiitioH. — liower  Honoran  zone  from  near  the  soiith(>rii 
lH>rderof  the  West4M-n  (Jiiitcnl  Stat<>s  to  San  Knis  I'otosi  anil  Mii;hoac.i;n. 

(iemral  rhnractt'rM.—  Jii  si/.e  nearly  ei|ual  to  Miiniis  rclifcr.  liiMi^th, 
H.*)  Ut*Xt;  forearm,  10  to  4(».  Calear  thick  and  distinet,  nsiiatly  ternn'- 
mitint;  in  a  well  marked  pointed  projeetioii.  Kree  border  of  iiropata- 
^iiiii  thiekeiied  and  deii.sely  haired.  Kars  moderately  Untf^;  laid  for. 
ward  they  reach  li  in  ."»  min.lH>y<Hid  nostril.  Wiii^s  from  poi'il  between 
sMikle  and  ba^e  of  toes,  lutt  nearer  latter. 


MYOTI8   TIIYHANOD  :8. 


81 


I'lani. — Th«>  eaiH  (PI.  I,  li^.  5)  arc  iiiodcraiely  loiiji;  and  ohtiiNcly 
poiiitiMl;  h\'n\  ibrwanl  tlioy  rciu'li  li  to  ')  inm.  beyoinl  Mio  tip  uf'tliu  iiost;. 
Anterior  bi»nIoi-ot'anricU^  stiaiuiit  or  sii;{iitlyconvvx  tlirongh  basal  half, 
then  more  convex  for  a  siiort  ilistance,  after  wliich  it  in  nearly  Htrai};ht 
to  tlie  ronndcd  tip;  posterior  bonier  at  tirst  straight  or  Hiightly  eua- 
rave,  sloping  rapidly  backward  to  the  widest  pointat  about  niid-licight, 
below  which  the  border  becomes  convex  and  continues  ';o  to  the  well- 
marked  basal  notch.     Ilasal  lobe  distinct  and  moderately  large. 

TraguH  long  and  slender,  tin;  anterior  border  straight  or  slightly  con- 
cave at  base,  then  straight  or  slightly  cj»uv'.;x  to  near  the  tip,  just  below 
which  the  border  . '  always  convex.  I'osteriijr  border  with  a  well- 
developed  lobe  at  base,  widest  |>art  of  tragus  through  this  lobe  or 
immediately  above  it.  A  more  or  less  <Ieveloped  notch  above  the  lobe. 
Ilcyond  this  notch  the  border  is  at  tirst  stiongly  corvcx,  then  slightly 
roncave  below  the  tip,  which  is  thus  always  bent  bai  k'.vard.  i'osterior 
border  indistinctly  crenulate. 

Mi-inhriiiteH. — The  nuMnbranes  are  moderately  thick  aiid  dark  colored. 
I'ropatagiuiti  noticeably  more  leathery  than  wing  membranes, distinctly 
thickened  at  free  edge,  sparsely  haired  on  proximal  fourth  Ixtth  above 
and  behiw,  the  rest  of  the  membrane  with  a  few  scai>tered  hairs,  whi<di 
liecome  more  abundant  toward  the  free  l>order,  where  they  form  a  con- 
spicuous fringe  both  aituve  and  below  (I'l.  il,  lig.  i)).  Wing  from  side 
of  f(N>t,  Just  below  base  ot  toes. 

hWt. — Feet  (I'l.  II,  tig.  r>)  largit  and  strong,  half  as  long  as  tibia*. 
TiH's  (without  claws)  slightly  longer  than  sole,  scarcely  nnit<Ml  by  mem- 
brane at  extreme  base;  all  sparsely  haired.  <'alcar  distinct  and  thick, 
eonsj<lerably  huiger  than  free  border  of  i;:UM'femoral  membrane,  t".rmi- 
riiiting  distinctly,  but  usually  without  well  developed  loinile. 

Fin-  and  color. — There  is  nothing  peculiar  in  the  distribution  of  tin) 
lurin  this  species,  except  the  thickly  haired  border  <if  tin'  niopatagium. 

In  color  the  fur  is  everywhere  light,  dull,  yellowish  brown,  distiin-tly 
paler  ventrally,  the  '  >i."H  every\^'MMe  dusky  slate  at  base.  The  color 
is  subje(;t  to  consiilerable  imiivitlii.il  variation  in  shade.  The  palest 
specinu'nsare  yellowish  w(,od  lu'own  inclining  to  clay  color;  the  darkfist 
specimens  dull  raw  undjcr.  The  belly  varies  from  clear  gray  scarcely 
tinged  with  yellow  to  a  strong  yellowish  gray,  and  in  other  specimens  to 
ilnll  brownish  gray.  The  exact  :dnides  are  very  vaiialile  and  impossible 
In  describe  accurately. 

Skull. — Skull  (tig.  II  />,  ami  lig.  12  h)  large,  exactly  the  same  si/e  a.H 
that  of  .1/.  '•eli/tfy  but  more  lightly  built.  Hrain  ease  oval  in  outlisie, 
iilirnptly  rounded  posteriorly,  oc<'ipitiJ  regi«)n  inflated  and  lacking  well- 
lorMcd  ridges.  Forehead  moderately  i'levated  above  nniz/.le.  Distance 
Irom  posterior  border  of  last  upper  molar  to  tip  of  haninlar  greater 
than  width  between  alveoli  of  pos':erior  molars. 

Although  the  skull  of  this  species  and  that  of  M.  lulifW  are  eipnil  in 
si/.e,  that  of  the  fornu'r  is  easily  dii^tlnguished  by  its  more  inflated  brain 
2772— No.  J3 (} 


82 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAITNA. 


I 
! 

i 

I; 


i 


Fki.  10.  — Ma\ill«r)-    Iwlh  nf  four  »|i«Ti- 

IIK'IIH  l>l    M'I'ttis  iklftMlninlfy.  hIiiiWJUC  ill- 

tliviiliiiil  variutiMii  in  lonii  ^iiiil  p<Mitiiiii 


\l 


cast',  fiirelicml  more  itbrnptly  elevated  above  iim//le  and  rouniler  less 
augnlar  oeeipnt.  When  viewed  from  above,  tlie  |H>8tei-ior  margin  of 
tlie  brain  case  is  rounded  in  .1/.  tlntsamnleH,  truncate  in  M.  rtli/cr.  When 
viewed  from  beliind.  the  brain  cane  in  M.  thtfmiunU-H  '\»  broatler  in  pn*- 
I»ortion  to  its  hei;i;ht  than  in  M.  reli/er  and  hu-ks  the  conspicuous 
occipitsil  crest  of  the  hitter.  The  jjosterior  part  of  the  pahite.  fmmihe 
last  niohirs  to  tiie  ti[>s  of  the  iiainuhu's,  i»  Hliorter  in  pro|N>rtioii  to 

the  distance  between  the  hinderniost 
niohirs  in  .1/.  rcli/n-  than  in  .V.  thyttaHotUx. 
Tcvth. — I'pper  incisors  diverging  at  the 
tips.  First  and  second  upper  premohirs 
very  variabU>  in  rehitive  |Mtsition  and 
Kize.  The  lirst  is  always  much  longer 
than  the  secon<l  and  has  tlic  crown  at 
least  one-fourth  larger  in  cross  section. 
Tlie  cross  section  of  the  lirsf  may,  how- 
ever, be  nearly  twice  that  of  the  sti-ond. 
In  some  specimens  these  two  small  pre- 
molars are  perfectly  in  the  line  of  the 
t<M»th  i"ow,  the  first  in  contact  with  the 
ot  im-nioiaro:  «  i>i>.'< iiii.-n  fr..in  i'iit/<ii     caniuc,  the  sccouil  touclilng  tlie  IJrst,  but 

Hernia  I...  r«r,.u.Saui...i.i'o..Mi,   5,,    s^'piuated  troiu  the  thud   by  a  distinct 

space.  In  others  tiie  second  premolar 
while  i>erf«'ctly  in  line  is  in  contact  with  the  third  as  well  as  with  the 
first,  itarely  the  sect>nd  premolar  lies  slightly  external  to  the  t«M»th 
row,  while  very  <'ommonly  it  is  displaced  to  a  varying  degree  inward. 
so  much  so  in  some  cases  as  to  be  almost  hidden  from  the  outer  siile  by 
the  clos*'  approximation  of  the  first  prcmidar  and  the  anterior  edge  of 
the  third.  These  variations  are  independent  of  age  and  sex.  The 
extremes  with  intermediates  of  all  degrees  occur  among  a  do/en  of  tli«" 
females  collected  by  Mr.  Nelson  at  Hacienda  La  i'arada,  San  Luis 
Pot«)si,  Augu.st  U»,  1892:  while  specimens  with  teeth  much  woru  vr 
wlndly  niiworn  may  have  the  premolars  in- 
ditterently  ;:reatly  crowded  and  disjtlaced  or 
wholly  in  the  tiMitli  row  (tig.  lo  </.  tig.  1(1,  and 
tig.  17.) 

Third  premolar  triangular  in  outline,  the 
outer  iNUtler  abruptly  convex  in  front,  and 
e«|ual  to|n»sterior  btuder:  antirior  and  poste- 
rior lionlers  concave:  iiincr  apc\  rounded,  not  extciulinj:  back  to  level 
of  inner  margins  of  molars.  First  and  second  molars  trape/iform.  the  an 
terior  etlge  hf»gcst,  the  iM»ste»i«>r  outer  and  inner  margins  successively 
shot  ter.  Anterior  border  straight  to  near  inner  edge  where  it  is  !»ent 
abruptly  backward,  posterior  border  very  slightly  coin-ave.  First 
molar  shorter  and  broader  thau  second,  and  with  anterior  border  nearly 
straight. 


Kill.   17.-  Almomial    pmiioUr  irf 

Miiiilit  ttii4'aiiinlf*(Sv.  ySSi^t    ■ 
criiu  II .  />.  nidi- 1  ■  201 


levfl 
the  an 
ivi'Iy 
l>eiit 
First 


MYOTl«    TIlYt^ANODK.S.  88 

(central  lower  iucisors  with  crowns  r*>iii|>resst'(l  anil  trUid,  the  next 
pair  simihir  but  hirger.  the  outer  incisors  Htill  hir};<'i-  and  with  ipiwuH 
imliHtinetly  terete  and  <|iiadrituber(Mihite.  Kirnt  and  second  nianiUbu- 
hu-  premolars  variable  iu  {xisitioii  and  in  relative  si/e,  the  tirst  always 
the  larger.  The  se<'ond  is  shorter  than  the  llrst,  but  in  some  specimens 
its  crowu  has  a  cross  section  nearly  c<|ual  to  that  of  the  latter.  The 
tirst  is  always  in  <-nntact  with  the  canine  and  usually  with  the  seisoiid 
l»remolar  also,  but  may  be  separated  from  the  latter  by  a  narrow  spai'e. 
The  second  preniohir  is  either  wholly  in  the  line  of  the  tooth  row  and 
not  touching  the  third,  in  line  and  touching  the  latter,  or  more  or  less 
displacetl  iuwaril.  Third  premolar  tra[>exil'o:ni,  slightly  broader  thau 
long. 

In  dentition  Miioiis  i/ii/Kan»nh'.t  shows  many  points  of  dittereuce  from 
.1/.  nli/f.  On«»  of  the  most  striking  of  these  is  the  great  variability 
in  the  si/e  and  pssition  of  the  tirst  and  second  np[>er  ])remolars  (tigs. 
H»  and  17>,  which  ir.  M.  rtlifrr  are  comparatively  constant.  Other  dif- 
ferences may  be  s<-en  in  the  form  of  the  third  upper  and  third  lower 
premolars.  The  cr<»wns  of  the  upper  molars  are  proportionally  broader 
in   I/.  I'tli/rr  than  in  .1/.  thiiHunniftx. 

MtUMurrmentH. — Average  measurements  of  'S,\  specimens  of  Mifotis 
thyx(iHO(>.e»t  from  four  lo'„alitius  are  given  in  the  following  table: 

':'fr<i9<'  meaHHtrwtrHtt  of  .'J  tpteimeim  u/  Hgolis  UtijHanuiUafrom  4  lovalititt. 

"I      «       I  '     .  '^        -         I    I 

■^r      -        -        .2        .J        i:        §       «•'    i-      i        i 

>;  'i----*U.HJw  fir* 

Culifnrnia    (H<l  Kort  TiJMD •  I  mT  M  IH  h  i)  tt  li'j  \*  12      i  II 

old  Korl  Tijon 10  «7  .!7  17.6  H  W.i  Oil  69.2  17.  fl  11.8  In.  5 

Mi.  iHai'iiii    I'iil/niaru i  iW  :i:  KI."  H.9  iX.x  0.7  71.5  18.;i  II. U  '  lO.H 

Miil.iiiiil'i>t«M.i:  Uilii.l^tl>)irii<la  I<)  W.I  M.»  IM  8.U  4.!.  7  tl.  7  73.6  18.6  IS..'  IU.3 

'Tvpe. 

SiH'vinuitH  I'xamineil. — Ti>tal  numlter  ii!^,  Irom  the  follosving  localities: 

(.'alifuiniii:  liiil/.iiru,  1  (itkiii.  Milli-r  cull,  i:  nlil  I'oi  t  I'l-Jou,  10. 
Chiliiialiuit:  KiiHt  siile  .'^iii  I.iiiit  MoiintiiiiiH,  J  (Hkiii.s), 
s.'iii  l.iiis  Piiiosi :  llacitMiilii  I.. I  rata.la.tU  (•>  Nkiiis). 
.MirlKiaciiii :  I'at/i'iiuro,  .'i  (:.'  Hkiii"!. 

.liiliHcii:  I.a  l^iiKiiiiii.  sieir:iit<    luauui-:ttluii,  I  iskiiii;  sivrru  Nt'vatlu  <U' Cohnia, 
1  (akin,  Am.  Mum.  Nat.  Hist.;. 

(irncrttl  rnnnrkH. — Mt/otiit  thifsamnhit  needs  no  close  comparison  with 
any  other  species  oi-curriiig  in  .Mexico  or  the  I'liited  States.  Its  large 
si/e  separates  it  from  all  others  but  )/.  itli/tr,  while  from  the  latter  the 
•  iliated  free  border  of  the  ur«>patagium,  peculiar  thickened  calear, 
larger  ears  and  paler  -oior  together  with  the  cranial  and  dental 
•-hraacU'rs  readily  distinguish  it. 


84 


NOKTII    AMKKICAN    FAUNA. 


Ill  certuiii  resiiectM  M.  Ikt/tanoile*  re«ieiiil>les  M.  crotU.  Tlie  color  is 
very  much  the  same,  white  the  »irs  in  tlicse  two  HpccicH  reach  their 
uiaxinium  <levelo|)ineiit  auioii^;  the  siieciesof  this  genua  found  in  Xorth 
America.  The  tree  IjohUt  of  the  iuterfcnioral  nienibrane  in  M.  etnth 
shows  a  slight  tendency  to  the  filiation  so  i*^>nspicuous  in  M.  thifHunodeti. 
Myot'iH  erotitt  is,  however,  a  smaller  animal  and  has  ears  |)ro{)ortionally 
longer  than  in  .1/.  thymiHwIe*,  while  the  free  border  of  the  interfemoral 
mend)rane  is  never  distinctly  ciliate. 

That  this  species  is  the  sstme  Sku  the  8outh  American  Mtfotitt  albenceHS 
is  exceedingly  unlikely.  Dobson.  who  \\.\a  seen  the  type  of  the  latter, 
gives  for  it  the  foilowiug  chaincters,  whii-li  do  not  in  the  least  apply  to 
the  ])resent  species:  ^'Kars  shorti'r  than  the  head;  laid  forward, the 
tips  do  not  reach  to  thr  end  of  the  Muzzie;  calcaneum  feeble,  tenuina 
tion  indistinct;  alK>ve  dark  brown."  Mon.'over,  Mr.  Oldtield  Thomas, 
who  has  (compared  specimens  of  Mtioli«  iht/HanoileM  with  the  alhexveuH  in 
the  British  Museum,  writes  me  that  the  two  do  not  in  the  letist  resem- 
bSe  each  other,  and  that  .1/,  «//>< jm<ii.»  is  allied  rather  to  .1/.  rilij'vr.  For 
further  discussion  of  the  ipiesiion,  see  under  the  lattiM-  8)>ecie8. 

In  Dr.  Harrison  Allen's  re4"ent  monograph  (p.  {).'$)  a  specimen  of  this 
species  in  my  collection,  taken  at  Dniznr.i,  | misspelled  l)alyiua|,  Oal., 
is  rcj'ordcd  as  a  variety  of  •  I',  nlbrnnnn  rdij'ir.'  A  »pc<inicn  from  Old 
Fort  Tejon,  Calilornia.  in  tise  liioii>g(t-:d  .Survey  cjillection,  is  lalu'lcd  by 
])r.  Allen  »  V.siihithituM,'  while  lirteen  others  of  the  same  8p«'i'i<*s  from  the 
sanu'  hn-ality  are  marked  •  V.  «T^llw«r» ««.».'  One  of  the  latter  (No.  2!»8L'7), 
however,  is  reconle<l  as  '  I'.  allttitciHs  trotin''  (p.  110). 

Dr.  T.  S.  I'almer  has  kindly  fnri.ishe«l  me  with  the  following  account 
of  the  t'olony  from  which  the  tyjie  of  Myoliit  thymmiil<x  was  taken: 

III  Jiilv,  |M1»1.  wliili)  oiif  of  ih«  j>9iitie*  «f  lJi»-  l»e!ith  \  utley  Kxpeiiitioii  was  lollect- 
iii)f  at  (Hil  Koi't  'I'fjoD,  <'altli*riiii».  svvcrsl  s{M-<-iee  4)f  hnin  worn  kIimi'I'slmI.  TIiu  iiirjst 
alMinilaiii  wasasinall  (>'ij(rr/«7if>[^  Vjr*fwj.  irhi<-ti  roiihl  l>i;s< ni .ti  liusk  tfvitt);  alinii! 
till-  oak  ti'ufjM  K(>:ii  tlir  oM  iiarracks  in  ^<'ait  nuiiilivrH.  and  paKMiii);  in  iinil  tint  of  the 
riiiiioit  iMiililiii^TK.  A  liHi^  Iwo-siury  ailoiM-  hiiitilinc.  witli  the  roof  Nlill  iiituct.  Ht>enieil 
to  l'«^  f  ln'  c^Mitfr  ol'.ittnia'tioti.  aiul  alwHit  »ni<«l"nTv  Ik»»»  i-onlil  Im»  Hcfti  Htrouniiii^  foitli 
from  II  wiiiilow  in  one  ii'  (hit  gAbU-^.  On  Uie  inonsitit;  •>('  ,\n\\  '>  an  evaniiiialioii  waH 
niiMln  of  tlio  attieof  tlii>  lnilMin;:  »n«l  tlie  bat«  ui-ne  iViiiihI  eliii^iiiK  to  tlinridgi'polt' 
Hiiil  (III-  rafti'iH,  iit«*ia'h  \*y  tlion!«.iEi<ls.  IikIi-.  itinain  <■('  itil  u^f'  frotii  rct-oiilly  iMirn 
yoiiii^  toitilnltN,  WHi'u  lianjifiiiK  ti>;;i-tbfr  in  hiinclu-HaN  lii;:  an  ii  l>iie*li<;l  liattket,  <  HIiitm 
foitii:lcncic  ihiii'iit  ill i-rarkHaiitlcrft )(-<-«.  but  vcr.v  frw  were  ll,vin){ali<)ut.  Kxideiitly 
tlut  colitiiy  liatt  o«')'njiie«l  Iho  attic  fi>r  o^ventl  year**,  lutX  U  watt  t<Ki  iIai  k  (u  hiu  \s  Iictlier 
tiiorc  tiiaii  ono  n|i(><'i<*.-'  s\nn  \tri^vu%. 

A  Mink  wiiH  <':irriu<I  aloii);  iintl'i  lUr  rtdgvpohiaMil  ii]pe<-iiii('nH  Nwopt  into  it  from  .v- 
era]  of  ttit-  laruci'  IiiiikIich.  In  thi.«  WT«t  aorp  ttmn  a  );iiniticil  ly,\t»  wcii^  i'i)lIiM'((><l  in 
a  f*>w  niiiiiittn'.  Ah  siion  a.-4  (liry  tT<-rf  <liMMsb«<i  tla*y  iilt«ro<l  .»  |«'(',iiliar  Hi|U-)akiii^ 
notf  ami  lifw  .ilioiit  in  i»  roiifiif*-*!  lujnnrr  in  tht-ir  ci(To;-t9  to  i-Htiip(<.  'I'lio  nat-k  wua 
carrioit  out  under  on<<  of  the  oak  tre<^  and  th«-  ie;MH-iiiu''ii.s  ••xamiii«>d;  Itil)  ]iad  Wtn'ii 
enptiirt'il.  and  of  »'ie»««  '.*.*»  wi  rr  5»rc*i^rT«">l '  and  iIm>  r«-maiiid«"i  ullmvod  (o  I'Htu^w. 
Hoiiif  ol'  tlij!  liatH  «liii'li  lind  lv»eti  uiv«-ii  their  li!i«r(y  att<<iu|)tc<l  Ut  ll\  liack  to  tlirir 
retreat,  iuit  ila/ed  liy  tin-  HouEiE^Ll  ii^ik  rrfnjtc  in  tlif  Ihuik  liu'i  of  Iho  ncaroHt  tree; 

,        'Hixtecti  proM't!  to  itv-  .Utfittr*  f4«K«««dk».-  the  nilici'^  wi'r^  .)/.  i/umanvitHii. 


I.AHIONYCTER18. 


85 


oth<'ii4  iiiwHe  no  ationipt  t<»  «»ca|»«',  fxcei>t,  U^  crawl  u}i  llu'  truii!x«  «>f  the  tr»w.  win  n' 
thty  i-(Mii:iii)*>cl  until  <iiii'k.  Some  of  the  yowti^  um-n  Tuueil  to  tiii'!  tbuir  way  liat'k  to 
tlie  biiihliiig  -iiitl  reiuaiin'il  ulioiit  tin-  Hput  tor  several  i1»,vh. 


•V. 

I  in 
tkiii^ 

i  ^^  as 


tri'o; 


Genus    I-.ASIONYCTKRIS    Filers. 

jxftl.  ScotophiliitU.XWi'n,  MoKojrr.  N,  Am.  Hftt«.i>.-'7(  part. not. S<«(<J/»fc»7ip!Li'acb,  1821). 
InS.":    /.atunnicteiix  IVtcrs,  Moisatslii-r.  K.  Akad.  S\  i«s. 

iU'iliii,   ji.  t»-!M.     'r,v]i«  I  miHrlihii   HitiiroffaHn 

l.c  Coi8t»'. 
1,^70.  <:nejthiiii>iihiliin  Fit/iiH(«r,  ^it7.(ln;iPbel•.  K.  Akt^l 

WiNMOUMli.,  \Vi«Mi,  1,X[(,  Adtli.,  1,  j>.  X  (part). 
IKT').    yf$pcriili'ii  ('(tms  ill  i'uii«M   iiFid  '^■a^•i•o^|   n  /ool« 

"My  '•*  \Vh<«iiei'H  Kx|sml.,  |>.  K).     'J'ypti  f're- 

perlilio  tfiir(»ratja\^Mi  l.«'  Ctxite. 
187?<.    letjuiH'joDnhnow,  (  titul.  Cluroptcrn  i«ui.  Miis., 

1».  IKJ  ;|mrt). 
J8!e>,   iM*ioii!ictiri»  11,  AiJiii,  Moiii.^r,  Hats  N.  Am.,  p. 

104. 


■  iMxianticferis  nocfiragans  (l« 


^^fi^^ 


PlO.  18,  — Skull  ol  l.airiuuyetfrU  no«- 


(icojfraphic  ilinh-ihidion. — Tut'  range  of  the 
«jtMiU8  l.asitntifctiris  is  (he  aam<s  us  that  of  t'iu'  typv  and  oiil,\  known 
-jM'ries. 

2-2       11  'J-2        lU) 

fititeric thartuUvH. — 1  )eMtal  foi niiiln •  t, ..  .j;  c, .  , ;  pm. .. ., ;  m, .. ..    .'{6. 

.Sknll  (rtjj.  l*^),  lisitteno*] ;  rostriiui  MTy  bnnul  in  inopo  tioii  to  brain 
ras<',  strongly  coiieavc  on  «-;n  li  siWc  i>ia!k  of  tine  nasa!  apcrtuvr;  d(»rsjil 
pniiik*  of  skull  iioiuly  str.iinlit  and  slojiing  };nidiially  t'lnin  extenial 
iiarfs  tooet^ipnt,  which  is  scanvly  aiijjular,  and  always  \\  ithoat  sajnit'ai 
« it'st,  Earsshort,  nearly  as  broad  as  htnji;  when  laid  fi*rward,  r«'a<'hinjf 
i»arely  t«  nostril;  basa!  lobe  very  largt*.  'S'ra;ius  short,  straij^flit  and 
bhintly  rounded  at  ti}).  vtidth  much  more  than  half  h-ngth  of  anterior 

niargin.     i  tack  of  in 
ter  femora)     mem- 
brane furred  on  basal 
hiilf.     Mamma-,  '1. 

AniohK   tin    .'vmcrj 
can     \  t'Mihriilioiiitltv 
the  genoK  IjiiHiotiifo- 
hrin  is  readily  <lis}in- 

;:uishe4i  by  its  dental  VMimnla,  •ombined  with  its  short,  br<>ad  ears, 

iHoa^l  trii};iis.  and  |>arti.dly  i'u>'fi>:d  uropatagiiim. 
'I'he  genus  Luxinutfrtt-r  »  i^  iieeiilitu'  to  North  Am<»ri<'a.  wiiere  it  Ib 

iei»r«setil«-d  by  one  wididy  dtstiibuted  upeeies  wh«»m5  eharaeters  are 

MMuarkably  cousltiut  thiuuishout  its  tangt*. 


^^Y-^. 


'^IJ^^^V^^ 


6> 


r^: 


..^. 


v<iy"wyw\ 


tia 


— Tr*tli  •/  J.ati'myrWrU  n  tetii'ltihitt  <     Si. 


86 


NOUTII    AMRKICAN    KArNA. 


LASIOXY(  TKKIS  NO(  TIVA<JANS  (LtMnntri.     Silver  hair. «!  Hat. 

If^l.   I'etperlUio  inMiiviinann  I.eContf.  McMnrtrirM  Ciivii-r'a  Animal  Kin^doui,  I.  |t.  81, 

June,  IS31. 
1X31.    l'r»itertiliit  aHihihoni  lliirliin,  Mniitlily  AiM<>r.  .Invini.  (itHtl.  nml  Nat.  liiMt.,  I.  p. 

21>0,  I'l.  11.  Novoiiilxi.  IKit  nMiiluililphiu.  I'a.  . 
IKi'f.    \'t»)>trtiHo  iiulrrnilrnlnH   ri-nuiiinck,  MoiH>;;r.  <!•■  .Maininalo{;i«-,  II,  ji.  ;{2rt  (.MIh- 

Hiiiiri  KiviT). 
18fi4.  SmtoitliihiK  Moitiraiian^  H.  Alli-n,  Monnjjr.  X.  .\m.  Bat»,  p.  .'W. 
IWkV.  LuKumyvterit  iiuttiruiiinix  \\'{\'.n.  Moiialalx-r.    K.  i'miiw.  Aka<l.  Wiiis.,  It«-rliii, 

p.  &t8. 
1878.    \'e»prrugo  noclhagami  Hohaon,  Catal.  Chiroplera  Brit.  Muh.,  p.  iW. 
l>4Ci.    iMMionyvleriH  novthaffan"  II.  Allen,  Munocr.  Hata  N.  Am.,  p.  lU'i. 

Tyitr  UnaUty. — iCasU'ni  rnited  States. 

Oeofiraphic  ithtrihuthn. — ^'oI■tll  Amerlra.  from  Atl.nntir  to  Paoitic; 
proUiOily  not  brt^ediiig  south  of  tlir  Trail. -^ititm  /oiir, 

tinurtd  charnvlers, — Sec  generir  (cJiaracttTs  jyiviMi  on  |»ajrpH."». 

Color. — The  fur  is  ilcep,  blackisli,  chocolate  brown  thronghonr,  many 
of  the  hairrt  on  tlic  back,  bi-lly,  and  fnnt'd  part  of  intcri'i'inoral  mcni- 
braiio  tipi>ed  witli  Kilvcry  wliitc.  TIm>  \vhit«'  tips  an*  most  niinuM-oiis 
on  iniddlv  of  back.  Tiicy  arc  ab.scnt,  <»t-  lu'ariy  .>i4<.  from  face,  crown,  and 
throat. 

Sktill  and  tnth. — Thi»  cranial  and  dental  characters  of  LaxloHyrtn-iH 
HtM-tinifjaiHH  have  been  snlliciently  <lest!iil)cd  in  Ihe  diafrnosi.s  of  the 
geuus. 

Mmntiri'iitenix. — The  averajje  measnrenieiits  of  I'l  siHH'imens  of  hnni 
OHjfrterix  uovtinifiaiiM  from  ei^ht  localities  are  given  in  the  foHowing 
table: 

Areragr  mecnufemtHlH  of  .7  njminnHM  of  LaHiontfrtni*  mitrliruqam*  from  .v  locaUtitg. 


I.oraIiiv. 


y. 


Nfw  Vork    >iii|{Siiiij     10 

Motilaita     KlMthMid  I.iikt'    . .  'i  ,   , 

rwl«r»<l«:   Klflp I   • 

Nr««iU     Ituilufr -'vV 

orritiiii    Kliiit  MiiiiiiiMinit I  ■' 

Crt»>k*Hl  KinT I  • 

BiKiii :: 

HariMy.  I  1  ' 


i 

i 

s 
s 

i 

i 

B 
J. 

s 

c 

1 

r- 

i 

I 

a 

C 

s 

m 

c 

i 

e 

Kl.V  M 

4-.V  4 

IT  J 

7.» 

41.1 

.V  : 

7  ■..4 

1.'.  » 

14   1 

6  7 

KM  & 

41 

1«  •-> 

7. .'. 

43 

4.:". 

75 

I.V  « 

14.1 

O.J 

t»: 

:w 

1« 

K 

3» 

4  « 

»!' 

J« 

rj 

6 

y#.s 

:ia.  .•« 

I« 

.<4 

40 

&2 

15  8 

11. H 

« 

an 

;«» 

in 

M 

41 

• 

15.1 

11 

T,  « 

t» 

41 

iT 

7 

41   4 

.S 

16 

12 

0 

l«i 

4a 

IB, .! 

H  0 

4a 

4.S 

Ifl 

13.3 

6.7 

tM 

44 

13 

«.« 

41 

• 

!• 

13 

11 

mtHH>'.min'nu'iL — Tot.ti  niindwr  lo."».  from  the  followinjr  hxralities: 

Alt>erta.  Il«'iiiy  lloiiw  L' (.skins i. 

HritiNli  ( 'oiiiiiilii.'i '.  StiniiiH,  1  i  skin.  Miller  eull.  . 

«'uliiorniii :  Nevada  ('it\,  I;  Nii'i>«iii. 'J. 

4  oliintilit:   Kilie.  1 

MaHNaeliiiM'tiH    N:intiieket.  I:  North  rriini.  ti   )tkin>.  Miller  ewll.). 

MimtAiia  :  FlailieiMl  l.uke,  2. 


PIPISTKELLirB. 


87 


NoliinHkii:  l'l)ittt>  li'iver.  I. 

Neviiilu :  HadKi-r,  2. 

Now  York:  Laki-  (icor^e,  ti  ('.'  Rkiiis);    Li\v<l)>n,  II;    l.ocnitt  (irove.  t;    l.,viiu^ 

FiiIIh,  I ;  Sing  SiiiK,  IT  (2li  yoiinc). 
Nortli  Carolina;  Mnjjnftic  City,  1  (Hkin). 
OroKon:  lieuvt^rton,  I  (8kin.  Miller  roll. ):  hiiin  Moiintainn,  I ;  (  roukod  lii'/er, 

1;    KuNt  ItHHe  CiiHcadu  Monntaiim.  near  Monut  'rhiolsini  I  (Hkini;  KlKii).  :<; 

Harney,  1 ;  Salem,  1. 
Pennsylvania:  Cailt8l)>,  I. 

Oenmil  remnrkH. —  LaxlotitfrfrriH  mn'lirnijuuH  is  one  i\i'  tlu'  most  t'usily 
rerogni/ed  of  North  Ainerii'tiii  bats.  Its  peculiar  color  alone  is  siitli- 
cieiit  todistingnisli  it  iVoni  all  others  IoiiikI  in  the  region  where  it  uccurs. 

Genus    PIPISTRELLUS    Koup. 

Ii<2!l.   I'ipMifUiiH  Kanjt,  skiz/iite  i;ntwi<k.-(io.t<'li.,ii.NnHirI.  Syst.  <1.  r.uio]>.  Thifrw., 

Tli.  I,  |».  its.     ';'v|t»'  I  iH]H I  tiliii  jiii>iatrclliin  Sriireher. 
IMHit.    I'l Hinriiijo    KeymTling    iV    IUrti»in«,    VVie;:»nann"»   An-liiv    t',    Natnrjiescli.,   'tier 

.laliiK..  ltd.  I,  i>.  MJ   pnrt ). 
isrm.   S'aniiHiio  Koienati,  AllKf>ni.   l>cntscli.  Nntnrliist.  Zeitg.,  Dn'sih-n,  Nene  Foljje 

11,  ll<l.  Itii'-ITl'.      l5i(K«'«l  on  iiuthiiHii,  jiiitinlrrlliiit,  anil  kniilii. 
IKTiti.    Ilifpaiiijo  Kolenati.  .VIl};<'Hi-  P<-ntw.  li     \ii»nilii''l.   /eil;;.,  iMesflcn,  Neni'   I'nijje, 

II,  pp.  181,  IliT-llit*.      Inriihli-tl  llii'  sjM'i'ifM  iiiiiiiiiiH  anil  knixi  lniiiHiknivii. 
IM]|,  SroltipliilnH  II.  Allen.  Mntiii;^r.  .\.  Atii.  Itats,  p.  L'7  i  part,  iinl  Sroli>iihiliiM  I.eacli). 
JSTs.    reapeniijo  I>olmon,  Cntal.  Cliiroptera  Itrit.  .Muh.,  p.  ISII  iparti. 
ixiKf.    I'espeniiio  II.  Allen.  M<>n<>«r.  Il:ij>  \.  Am.,  ji.  121. 

Type  ftpevit'H, — I'ljiistnlhiM  pipistrcUiis  (Si'lireher). 

(ho<jrapliH-  tlixtvihutitni  of  jirmix. — The  greater  part  ol"  tlu'  K;ist<*rn 
lii>niisphere,aiiil throiiifhoMf  tliesoutheiii  hitlt'of  North  Aiiierica.  I^.xart 
limits  of  distribution  ii*>t  Kiionvm. 


ihnvriv  fhniiU'ttrH.—\h-\\\i\\  formula : 


.'{-;{ ' 


1-1 
1-1 


pin. 


nt. 


3-M 


I. 


Skull  (lijis.  21  and  L'L'i  small  and  liirhtly  built,  varyinj;  s«)h;e\vha(  in  form 
anion;;  the  diU'en-nt  spi-eies.  Hrainea.se  nsnall>  more  iictlateil  than  in 
VtHpfriilio  i\iu\  ljnsinni(rhti.s.\ui\  rostrum  proportion:dly  as  liroad  m  in 
these  };enera.  Kars  iti^.  L'Oi  •li'^tinrtly  htnger  tiian  Itrimd  .ind  taptTing 
to  a  narrowly  i-ounded  tip.  Trajjas  straij^^lit  <ii'  slijjhtly  rurxi'd  lor 
ward,  itack  of  intfitenioiid  memliran*  sprinkled  with  luur  on  basul 
iliird.     Mamma-.  '2. 

ttrin'ffil  t'cniiirkii. — The  members  itl  the  ;;('niis  I'ipisttrlliiH  may  be 
nM(»<:iiiy.ed  by  their  (b-iital  ibrmula  an<l  small  .si/c.  Tin'  b;its  of  the 
I'liiiopeaM  ^ieiiiis.  I'l<  rifiiinhs  I'trritffixtfs  mutxtn  ;ind  /'.  h  isliri\,  wliich 
liavc  tle>  .same  dental  fonnala.  are  larf^'.  heavily  built,  and  alt(»;j;ether 
dillerent  in  appej.raiH'e.' 

■  VivrmimtrH  Kuup.  sl.!//iri>  f.ntV' iek.-<«w»h.  n.  Niitnrl.  ••"VNt.  «1.  Knrop  I  liiei\v.,rii. 
I,  p.  UH>.  ImuhmIihi  i  fMfurtilio  prtttrmm  Kntal      - 1'.  >nM't»iti  Si'lirt>lier)  an*l  I,  Irinleri  Kitlil 

Kor  roniarknitn  rlie  nenerle  cli.ir:ie(iT-i»t'  •  Soriultmm'  ^  ^I'tcrtfgiHtia  >.  .-.ec  II.  Allfii, 
rrov.  I..  M.  Nal.  MniMinui.  iwti.  p   .^j. 


M  NORTH   AMKRICAN    FAI'NA. 

In  Americn  the  gPiniH  Ih  ivjiroBented  by  tlirro  H)M>ci(>8,  nil  of  which 
are  Htrictlyron^ciK'rit' with  Pipixtrt'lliiH  pipiHttrlhiH.  Of  tliu  Aiiicrinui 
spccieH  /'.  HuhfianiH  rc.s(>nil)h>!4  /'.  pipiHftrlluH  most  cUiHvly,  but  ih  dJH- 
tiiigiiiHhiibh'  at  n  {(hiiico  by  itH  iinirh  hMigcr  thumb. 

KKV  TO  AMKUICAK   KOKMS  OK  I'll'ISTKKLH  S. 
TrnKiin  liliint  with  tip  1»<Mit  t'orwiinl : 

Korciirni  aliout  HI  iiiin. :  ndorH  vit.v  iiftln hmprnm  {]\.HH) 

V'lTvitkrui  nbont  2M  iiiiii. ;  colorN  diirk*T iiunlniliii  ( p.  !K>) 

TraKHH  tiiperiiiK  and  HtniiKbt : 

Foi'oarin  'M)  Ut'A'J n'rurrtivh  ( i».  93) 

Forearm  33  to  'Mi— 

Color  .'KitllowiMli  lirown KnhHaru*  (p.  W) 

I'olor  drikit  brown ohscuniH  ( |t.  !t3) 

PIl'ISTKKM.rS  IIKSI'KIM  S  (||.  Allen). 
18<tl.  SvolopliiliiM  hf»peni»  II.  Allen,  Mono^r,  N.  Am.  llutH,  p.  13. 
1H7H.    tV<i/»»»««/(»  httprvHH  ItobHoii,  Cilai.  Chiropterit  llrlt.  .MnHeinii,  )•.  2l'8. 
I88(i.    ytHfirruiio  mrrriami  Uobsou,  Ann.  A  Mil);.  Nat.  IliHi..  .'itli  Nrr.,  Will,  p.  121. 
1M1I3.    \'v»iu'riujo  hmpeniM  II.  .Mien.  MonoKi-.  llatH  N.  Am.,  p.  VJH. 

Tj/iMhml  itif.— Vori  YunuiJ'al.  Ty|M'  No.  o  KM'.,  (.8.  National  Museum. 
(ifotjrtifthie  tliHtrihiitioM. — howor  .Viistral  zoih'  in  tlie  WcHtuni  rnitrd 
8tat(>H  from  wrHtoni  T«».\as  to  tho  I'arHic  ('oa.st.     LimltH  not  known. 
OmeralclumhtetH.—Hm'.  very  Hniiili  (forearm  about  L'(i);  thumb  Hhort 

(about  one  ci^htli  of  foroarm);  t^iir  .shorter 

/r</\  ""<^  ""•"'  bhintly  rountled   than  in  other 

Jr',':'//.'' i'l\  y<~\  Anwriran  members  of  the  };<>nus,  rea4;hiug 

m^i'''''^''\       Jn''^-' ''fh,        barely  to  no.stril  when  hiid  forward;  tragus 

HJF^^hA     /x^a^v\       '*l'i>i^  i*i**l  di.-^tinetly  bent  forward  at  tip; 

J|l1>',^H^\    tw  ID  I       feet  very  siinilK  about  half  as  huig  as  tibia: 

^mi'wrjj-:^  V^K./       barely  1  mm.  of  tip  of  tail  free  from  mem- 

jai»»^jj|jF      ><iSf     fi      ^^rane:  <'olor  very  pale. 

^"if"^  ^  &  KiUH.—'Ww   ears  (Hg.   20  /*)   are   short, 

Fio.2o.-E8rof  («»  n,n,i,riiu»  m,i,    leiirhiug  Imrelv  to  nostril  when  laid  for- 

/nviit  niid  (ft)  /'. /im/irriit  (  ■ 'J).  ,         ,„,  '         .         ,         ,  „  ... 

ward,  llie  anteruM-  border  ot  aurutle  is 
strongly  convex  from  well  developed  basal  not4;h  to  region  about 
middle,  where  it  becomes  striii|u;ht  and  reaniins  so  almost  to  narrowly 
rounded  tip.  Posterior  border  eoneavo  immetliately  below  ti)),  then 
strongly  conve.v  to  basid  nottdi.  Ihisiil  lolte  well  develo]>ed,  separated 
from  auricle  by  a  deep  notch  ami  joining  face  iit  ])oint  below  line  of  lips, 
and  slightly  behind  posterior  corner  of  eye.  The  fur  of  the  head  extends 
over  dorsal  surftiee  of  ear  to  slightly  beyond  the  basal  third.  Otherwise 
the  ear  is  naked  except  for  a  sprinkling  of  line  hairs  on  inner  surface. 

Tragus  less  than  half  length  of  ear,  broadest  just  below  tip;  ante- 
rior border  straight  throughout  greater  part  of  its  length,  but  strongly 
concave  iinmodiatoly  l>elow  tip;  posterior  b  nder  strongly  convex  from 
tip  almost  to  uoU-h  ab<»ve  well  developed  ba.sal  lobe. 

J/r>M/ir« »»<;«.  — The  ineinbranes  jire  thin  and  delicate,  rropatagiuin 
very  sparsely  furred  at  extreme  base,  otlu'rwise  naked  except  for  a  few 
8i;attered  hairs  whi<di  are  most  numerous  on  the  basal  half.     Wing 


PIPISTUELLrS    HKSPKUrK 


89 


inHiibrniioH  iittaHuMl  at  1)aH(>  of  toes.     Uropata^iiiin  oxtciMliiif;  aliiioHt 
to  I'xtreiiie  tipor  tail. 

Feet. — Foot  Hiiiall,  «liHtiiirtly  less  tliati  lialt  as  loii^'  as  tibia,  nakiMl  or 
with  n  few  a1mo8t  iiiviHih]<>  whilisli  hairs  on  dnrsal  Minracc.  Cah-ar 
aboiit  as  loiif;  as  tibia,  Hcairly  kt^olcd  on  |»ost«'rioi'  <'<!);(>.  t4>t-niiiial  lobe 
absent  or  very  indistinct. 

Fur  nnd  volor. — The  fnr  «'Xtt^n«ls  on  basal  tliird  of  «'ais,  imt  Itarrly 
reai'hcH  oxtri'mc  base  of  intm'fcnioral  nuMnbrsinc,  anil  on  win^  inoni- 
brancH  invades  inejrly  a  very  narrow  strip  rlosf  to  body. 

Color  Iljflit  yi'llowidi  jiray  or  whitish  {;ray,  the  liir  everywhere  deep 
plundteonsal  base.  In  soines|)eriniens  the  hairs  on  the  bark  have  taint 
dark  subterininal  areas  whi<;h,  however,  are  visible  (Hi  close  inspeetinn 
oidy.  Kars,  inn/./le,  faee,  and  niendinmeH  blmk.  A  narrow  whitish 
border  on  win|;  nienibran«^  between  foot  and  fifth  finger. 

This  s|>ecieH  is  apparently  nineh  more  eonstant  in  color  than  /'.  hhU 
ihiruM,  but  the  abseiiee  of  a  {jfood  series  of  skins  leaves  the  range  of 
individual  variation  in  color  a  n)att<>r  of  uncer- 
tainty. 

Shull. — The    skull    of   l*ipii<tn'llnn    hinprrua 
(tigs.  21  <>,  and  L"J  h)  is  very  small,  thin,  and 
papery.      That  of  an   adult   male   from    Kort 
Itowie,  Arizona,  measures  11.4  mm.  in  occipito- 
nasal  length,  <•  mm.  in  zygomatic  breadth,  and 
•t  mm.  in  occipital  depth.    The  dorsal  outline 
is  nearly  straight  from  external  naies  to  o<-ci- 
put,  though  there  is  a  slight  concavity  between 
the  orbits  and  a  dight  convexity  over  the  Itrain  ease.     Muzzle  broad 
and  nearly  Hat,  slightly  concave  on  each  side  of  median  line.     In  gen 
eral  the  skull  of  I'ipixtrt'lhin  hvHpcniH  suggests  a  miniature  of  that  of 
linnionfifttrin. 

Tcvih. — The  t«'eth  of  I'iphfrrUus  hmpeniM  (fig.  23 rr)  do  not  dilTcr 
materially  from  those  of  /'.  Huhflnrtis.  The  anterior  upper  premolar  is 
minute  (much  smaller  than  the  smaller  u])per  incisor)  and  usually 
thrown  out  of  the  t»>oth  row  by  the  second  premoliir,  the  anterior  edge 
of  whi(di  is  gen«>rally  in  contact  with  the  canine. 

MvtiMnrvmeniM. — See  table,  page  !••"». 

Sped  mens  ennui  neiL — Total  number  127.  from  the  following  localities: 

Ari/oiia:  KtMivoriliini,  1;  I'ort  Howie,  1  (Hkiii);  (iriiiMl  Ciirioii,  2;  liiiiMlitlii|Ht 
('nfinn,<'<K!|iiHO County,  I  (skins);  Littli'Coloriiiio,  2:  DonCiiIhv.iih,  I  (Nkin); 
Koitni  (Janon,  Navajo  Cotuity,  I  (Mkiii);  New  liivir,  .Mitiiroini  (Niiinty,  1; 
Vnnia,  2. 

California:  Horax  flat,  Moliavr  DcAcrt,  3:  (olitrailo  DoHArt.  1  iNkini;  licath 
Vulluy,  I ;  I'lMH-rul  Mount  ainn,  Inyo  County,  1 ;  liirnacot^ict'k,  Doath  \  alloy, 
1;  Ora|ioviue.SprinKi  Di'Htk  Valloy,  1 ;  luilcpundcncc,  1;  Hot  Sprin^H  \'ull«y, 
Inyo  County,  2;  .laruuilia.  San  Ditf^o  County,  2(Hkiimi;  Kcoltr,  1;  K«rn 
Kiv<<r,  I);  Kernville,  1 ;  l.ont>  I'iiie,  :<;  Ow.-uh  l.:iki>,  I :  I'alni  Sprin^H.  :t;  I'atia 
mint  Valley,  Inyo  <'ounty.  (>;  I'anamint  MiMiiitaiiiH,  I;  I'nso  Creek,  Kern 
County,!  (itkin);  Hnlinu  \' alley.  Inyo  County,   1;   .San   l',niiK«lio,   I;   .Santa 


Km.  21.  -Top  view  of  riknil  of 

((I  I    /'i/iu(/rr/(ii»    /irt/ii'ri/4   iillil 
(/<!  I'.tiihltiiriiM  (     2.) 


90 


NORTH    AMKRICAN    FAUNA. 


Vb»Im»1,  Sail  DieRoCJonnty,  IW;  Three  |{ivf>n.  7:  Twin  Onkx,!';  Viilli'i-idiH,  San 
|)i«K*>^''*'ii*t^\' 'M  Wliitewtttvr,  1  (akin);  Yinm^iiiiIi*  N  ull«v,  1;  OUI  Fuit  Viiiini, 

I   (t.V|M!). 

('oliinitlo:  Ornnd  .Iiinotinn,  I. 

I.owor  ('iilil'oriiia:  Stiii  I'tTiiiitxIo,  7  (Miller  coll. ). 

Nevmla:  (iohl  Mmiiitain,  KMiiieraldu  County,  I:  rnliranauat  X'alley,  1;  Vr^nH 

Moiintaiiiii,  1;  Ve^aM  X'aljfy,  l.iii'-olii  Coiintx .  I 
N«w  Mexico:  Dok  >S]irin'4.  <!raiit  Coiiiity,  7  ctkiims  Kort  WiiiKute,   I;  (irtiiit 

County,  1  (Hkim. 
Texiw:  Cliinnte  Mountains,  I ;  Kl  I'aNo,  I    1  Mkin);  PalNaiio,  r>:  I'oiom  !{lv«<r,  I. 
rtuh:  Kt.  (iflorKe.  'J. 
Wnalitnton :  Aliiiota,  1. 

(ieneral  rcmarkH. — I'ipiHtrvVnH  hrnjui-Hx  is  readily  jli^tingnislmhlp 
ainoii);  North  Aiiu'riniii  butt*  by  its  dciitiil  formula,  small  si/.<%  blunt 
tra|;uH,  and  pallid  color.  Itnct'ds  noroiiiparisoii  with  any  other  spcc'ii's. 
At  thu  HontliernnioHt  t^xtroniiiy  of  its  known  ran;;*'  a  siibsporirs  sli;;htly 
different  from  that  otuniirinK  farther  north  has  been  ditVerentiatcd. 
Otherwitie  the  sjiecieH  is  remarkably  eonstant  in  all  its  eharaeters. 

PIIMSTI{KLLrs  IIKSl'KIMS  .M'STK.M.IS  hii1.m|..  nov. 

Typettam  Barranca  Ibarra,  .laiiHrn,  Mexico;  aliltinlealMiiii  :t,iHNi  tWt.     Ailnlt  9  (in 
nieoliol).  No.  52111',  r.  S.  National  Miinciiiii  ( Miolotiiral   Survey  rnllt'ition).     Col 
lecteil  May  11,  IH1(2,  by  K.  W.  NelMon.     Oriuinal  iiiiinlier.  L'tti  t. 

(ieneral  chartwterH. — Slightly  snuiller  than  tnn'  I'ipistnllux  lnHpnuH; 
Air  shorter;  eolor  apparently  darker  and  browner. 

Ear»^  meinhraufH,  ami  jWt. — As  in  the  typical  subspeeio.s. 

Fur  and  cnlor. — The  fur  is  shorter  than  in  specimens  of  true  hexpvruH 
taken  in  April  and  May,  but  in  distribution  it  hIiows  no  |>eculiaritieH. 

Color  darker  ami  browner  than  in  specimens  of  true  hixiurnH  that 
have  been  immersed  in  alcohol  for  a  Himilar  lenjrth  of  time.  I'ntil  skins 
of  the  southern  aninnil  are  examined  theatttual  color  <lillerences  between 
the  two  forms  can  not  be  determined. 

MeoMurementH. — The  measurements  of  the  type  and  the  averajjes  of 
four  specimens  ftom  the  typo  h>cality  are  ^'iven  in  the  table  of  measnrc- 
ment8  on  page  i^.l. 

SperimeHH  examinetl, — Four,  all  from  the  type  locality. 

(iemral  remarks. —  I'lpiHirelhin  luxptriis  oust  ml  Is  is  a  fairly  well 
marked  subspecies  characterixed  by  slightly  smaller  si/e,  shorter  fur, 
and  darker  color  than  in  the  typical  form.  The  material  by  which  it  is 
representeil  is  so  iM)or,  however,  that  all  the  characters  can  not  be 
determined  with  certainty. 

I'lriSTRKLLUfl  srill'I.AVr.S  vl'divler).     (Jeorpian  Hat. 

1832.   i  J'enpertUio  neorginnuM  F.  Ciivier,  Nonv.   Ann.   Mum.  tl'lIiHt.  Nat.,  I'iiri.t,  ]i.  l)i. 

(Not  ileteriiiinablo. ) 
18:^2.   Vetpertilio  HiihdavHH  V.  (Javier,  Noiiv.  Ann.  Muh.  d'lIiRt.  Nat.,  I'arlH.  p.  17.     (  hi-- 

Ht-ription  gooil  ) 
IHIil-ll.    I'ctpniilio  eijillinnlnctjilim  r<'niniinck,  MoiioiLtr.  de  Maiiini..  II.  I'Mwv  Monoj;r,, 

1».  2:^. 
1864.  StvtophiluM  yvorgiuuHn  M.  Allen.  .Moiio};r.  N.  .Viii.  Katit,  p.  :{.'>. 


I  '•V'in  upiw" 


IMI'ISTHEM.rs    81THFLAVIT8. 


91 


\H~H.   reiptrHfii) ijr'iniiau'iK  Diilisoii,  Ciititl.  <'liirii|it*<rn  llrit,  Mim.,  |>.  2115. 
|«)»;j.   I'mftfrMijo  i,tntliniii»iH   II,  Alleu,  MoiiuKi.   KutH  N.  Am.,  p.  IIM  (not  I'mptrlilio 
rarolineniim  (iiMtl)'.  i. 

Typt-  lovalitif. — KiiHfem  I'nitod  Stntos;  prnhnhly  (icKiiffm. 

(iroffiaphiv  lUHtiihiition. — Austral  zoiieM  iiiHi  raMiitilly  pai  tHol'TriiiiMi- 
tioii  zoiir  ill  till*  KtiHt«>rii  United  StatCH,  IVotn  tlic  Atlaiitir  Coast  west  to 
lown  and  (•aHti-rii  and  Hdiitiicni  Toxas. 

iinurnl  vim  ratter  h. — Si/,«^  Hinall  (t'oiearin,  about  .14);  tliiinili  lonjr 
Ihboiit  .)!  forearm);  ear  wIkmi  laid  i'orward  reacliiii};  slightly  l»e.v«>nd  imm- 
tril:  trat;iiH  straight,  tapering  to  a  broadly  loniided  tip;  IVet  Hinall, 
slightly  more  than  half  as  loii^  as  tibia;  tcrniiiial  L' mm.  of  tail  free 
trom  membraiu*;  hairs  on  back  mostly  distinctly  trieolored:  general 
color  li^ht  yellowish  brown,  undulated  with  darker  brown. 

Karn. — The  ears  (lij;.  20  a)  areconsid«>ialily  longer  than  in  /'.  hrxperuH, 
reaching;,  when  laid  turward,  Just  b<>yond  ntistril.  In  general  form  the 
car  JH  much  as  in  7*.  htupvruH,  but  the  auri(;le  is  slightly  narrower,  and 
the  baHal  hd>e  is  smaller  and  separated  from  auricle  by  a  slight  notch 
only.  On  dorsal  surface  of  (>ar  the  fur  of  head  extends  scarcely  to  basal 
third.  Otherwise  the  car  is  naked  except  for  a  sprinkling  of  line  hairs 
on  inner  surface. 

Tragus  alnrnt  half  length  of  ear,  broadest  opposite  anterior  base  and 
thence  tapering  ^'radually  upward  to  bluntly  rounded  tip  which  is 
turiie<l  slightly  ba<  kward.  Anterior  border  slightly  concave  at  base, 
then  gently  convex  to  tip.  Postcriiu-  border  slightly  concave  imme- 
diately lielow  tip,  then  strongly  convex  almost  to  notch  above  well 
develofieil  basal  lobe. 

MrmbranrH. — The  membranes  are  thin  and  <leli«!ate.  ITropatagiiim 
thinly  furreil  on  basal  fourth,  otherwise  naked  except  for  a  few  scat- 
tered hairs  along  veins  on  lower  side.  Wing  membranes  attached  at 
base  of  toes.  Uropatiigium  attached  at  base  of  terminal  caudal 
vertebra. 

Feet. — Fo«>t  large,  distinctly  more  than  half  as  long  as  tibia,  covered 
with  conspicuous  light-brown  haiis  on  dorsal  surface,  (valcar  dis> 
tinctly  longer  than  tibia,  scarcely  keeled  on  posterior  edge,  terminal 
lobe  absent  or  very  indistinct. 

Fur  HHil  color. — The  fur  extends  on  base  of  cars  and  interfemoral 
membrane  and  on  wing  membranes  to  line  Joining  knee  and  middle  of 
forearm. 

(5olor  light  yellowisli  brown,  uniform  on  the  ventral  surface,  but  on 
the  back  clouded  to  a  varying  degree  with  darker  brown.  The  hairs 
on  the  back  ap|M'ar  to  be  of  two  kinds.  The  main  body  of  the  fur  is 
made  up  of  short  hairs  (about  0  mm.  in  length),  which  are  deep  plum 
bens  from  base  to  a  little  below  middle,  then  yellowish  brown  almost 
to  extreme  tip,  which  is  dark  brown.  Intcrmixe«1  with  these  shorter 
haira  are  others  wiiich  are  much  longer  (about  10  mm.  in  length)  .iiid 
clear  yellowish  brown  to  extreme  tip. 


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Sciences 
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92 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


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Typical  I'ipixtrrlhis  snhflanis  presents  a,  wide  range  of  individual 
variation  in  color.  This  is  due  to  the  extent  of  tlie  terminal  dark  bands 
on  the  hairs  of  the  back,  and  also  to  the  exact  shade  of  the  yeUowish 
subterniinal  bands.  The  yellowest  specimens  that  I  have  seen  were 
taken  at  Washinfjton,  D.  C,  dnring  May  and  June. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Pipistrelhis  snhfariis  (fijfs.  21  a   and  22  h)  is 
larjrer  tiian  that  of  7*.  hcsjx'rus.    That  of  an  adult 
male  from  Washington,  1).  C,  measures  l.J  mm.  in 
occipito  nasal  length,  <H  mm.  in  zygomatic  breailth, 
and  it  mm.  in  occipital  depth.    The  dorsal  outline 
is  nearly  straight  from  the  anterior  nares  to  a  point 
immediately  behind  the  orbits,  then  strongly  con- 
vex to  occiput.     Muzzle  narrow  and  arched,  the 
concavities  on  each  side  nearly  obsolete.    In  gen- 
\.i«-.__:_^^'-^     "        eral  the  skull  of  Pipistrellus  suhflavns  suggests  a 
Fig.  22.— Side  view  of  skull    niiiiiature  of  that  of  the  smaller  forms  of  Vespertilio. 
of(«)/',>«rrw^,w,e.vy..n,,        Tcc/A.-Thc  tccth  of  Pipistvcllm  ,suhfiavu8  (fig. 
2.'}  h)  are  larger  than  those  of  /*.  hesperus  but  essen- 
tially similar  in  form.    The  anterior  np])er  juemolar  is  large  (about  the 
size  of  the  larger  upper  incisor)  and  generally  fully  in  the  tooth  row. 
MeosurcmentN. — See  table,  page  957. 

Specinnns  eramined. — Total  number,  21.'i,  from  the  following  local- 
ities : 

Alnhama:  (iro«iis1>oro,  2. 

District  of  Columbia:  Washington .  17  (11  skins). 

Indian  Territory  :  Stiiwell,  Hi. 

Lonisiana:  Mer  Konu:e.  10;  ilonuiu,  2  (skins). 

Maryland :  Marshall  Hall, 
5  (skins);  St.  (ioorjj'is 
Island.  2  (skins). 

Mississijipi :  Washing- 
ton, S. 

Missouri:  Marldi!  Cavo, 
fetono  County,  70. 

Now  York :  Sing  Sing,  S3. 

Morth  (Carolina :  Ralt>i<rh, 
7  (skins);  liortio 
Connty,  2  (skins). 

Pennsylvania:  Carlisle, 
7  (I  skin). 

Teunessi*:  Hitknian  County,  l(8kin):  Arlington,  .3;  l$ig Sandy,  10;  Danville,  4. 

Texas :  C'ear  Creek,  Galveston  County,  1 ;  Hrownsville,  1. 

Virginia:  Cedarvillo,  G  (skins.  Miller  eoll.);  Frederiekshnrg, 6  (skins);  Hamp- 
shire County,  1  (skin);  Wytheville.  2. 

Ocnenil  remarks. — The  Georgian  bat,  PipintrelluH  suhflavus,  is  so 
readily  distinguished  among  the  species  of  the  region  ii  inhabits  that 
detailed  comparisons  are  scarcely  necessary.  Its  dental  formula,  small 
size,  relatively  large  thumb,  distinctly  tricolored  fur  and  general  yel- 
lowish color  are  unmistakable  characters. 


Fio.  23.— Teeth  of  (n)  PipittrelUu  heiperrm  and  (6)  P.  nib/tavtu 
(X6). 


PIPISTRELLUS    VER/FX'RUCiS. 


93 


PIPISTRELLUS  SUBFLAVUS  OBSCURU.S  siibsp.nov. 

Tape  from  Lnke  G(,'orge,  Warren  County,  N.  Y.  Adnlt  ?  (skin)  No.  (57723,  F.  S. 
National  Musenm  (Biological  Snivey  collection).  Collected  September  6,  1894,  by 
Walter  K.  Fisher.    Original  number,  198. 

General  characters. — Size  and  proportions  as  in  typical  suhHavua,  but 
color  duller  and  less  yellow,  and  df^rk  tips  of  shorter  hairs  on  back 
more  conspicuous. 

Ears,  membranes,  feet,  and  fur. — As  in  typical  siibflavtis. 

Color. — Fur  everywhere  blackish  slate  at  base.  Middle  band  on 
shorter  hairs  of  back  dull,  pale,  wood  browu  or  isjvbella  color.  Tips  of 
these  hairs  dusky  brown,  and  much  more  conspicuous  than  in  true  sub- 
fiavHs,  Long  hairs  of  back  pale  wood  brown.  Belly  uniform  isabella 
color,  in  some  specimens  inclining  toward  wood  brown, but  seldom  show- 
ing any  approach  to  the  bright  yellowish  browu  of  true  subjlavus. 

A  melanistic  specimeu  is  dark  chocolate  brown  throughout.  Two 
others  are  rich  reddish  brown.  In  all  three  of  these  abnormal  individ- 
uals the  characteristic  variegation  of  the  fur  of  the  back  still  i)ersi8ts. 

Sktill  and  teeth. — I  can  find  no  cranial  or  dental  characters  to  distin- 
guish Pi]}istrellus  subjlavus  obscurus  from  the  tyi>ical  subspecies. 

Measurements. — See  table,  page  95. 

Specimens  examined. — Thirty  four  (seven  skins),  all  from  the  typo 
locality. 

General  remarls. — Pipistrcllus  subHavus  obscurus  is  readily  distin- 
guishable from  true  subjlavus  by  its  darker,  duller,  less  yellow  color. 
The  <liff'erence  is  especially  noticeable  on  the  ventral  surface,  which  is 
generally  a  rich  yellowish  wood  brown  in  typical  ««/>//««•»<«,  dull  isabella 
color  in  obscurus.  The  darker  hue  of  the  back  in  obscurus  is  due  partly 
to  dirt'erences  in  the  color  of  the  long  hairs,  and  of  the  middle  bands 
of  the  short  hairs,  and  partly  to  the  more  extended  dark  tips  of  the 
short  hairs.  Like  the  typical  form,  Fipistrellus  subflarus  obscurus 
varies  considerably  in  color,  so  that  individual  specimens  of  either  sub- 
species, especially  those  that  .are  not  fully  adult,  are  sometimes  difficult 
to  identify.  When  series  are  compared,  however,  the  difterential  char- 
acters at  once  become  apparent. 


PIPISTRELLUS  VEKi^li^CRUCIS  (Ward). 
1S91.    lesperiigo  rcr<rcrucis  Ward,  Am.  Naturalist,  XX\',  p.  74."),  August,  1891. 

Ty2}e  locality. — Las  Vegas,  Jalapa,  Yera  Cruz. 

Geographic  distribution. — This  species  is  known  from  the  type  locality 
only. 

Characters. — As  I  have  seen  no  specimens  of  Pipistrellus  reracrucis, 
I  copy  the  original  description. 

All  six  speoiuiens  were  indistinguishable  one  from  another  in  point  of  color.  The 
following  color-description  is  taken  from  a  dried  skin,  wiieretis  all  the  rest  of  the 
description  ia  taken  from  a  specimen  preserved  in  alcohol. 


94 


NOKTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


<  ! 


Hairs  of  back  cl(?v"-browu  for  liaHsil  half,  followed  Ijy  two  e(|nal  zuues  respectively 
broccoli-browu  anl  clovc-browu;  soma  of  bairs  fnrtheriuore  tipped  with  light  Vau- 
dyke-brown,  giving  u  decidedly  "rusty"  tone  to  the  back.  Ventral  surface;  bases 
of  hair  slightly  lighter  than  those  of  back,  followed  by  light-hair  brown,  producing 
a  grayish  or  smoky  etfc<'t. 

Wing  membranes  naked,  except  a  very  limited  area  on  upper  surface  along  sides 
of  body,  not  exceeding  3  or  4  mm.  in  width ;  and  on  lower  surface,  the  area  included 
between  a  line  passing  from  the  middle  of  humerus  to  the  knee  and  the  side  of  the 
body  is  scantily  haired. 

Interfemoral  membrane  witn  a  small,  triangular  patch  of  hair  on  its  upper  sur- 
face, covering  base  of  tail,  and  extending  to  one-fourth  of  its  length. 

Legs  and  arms  naked.  Wing  extending  from  base  of  outer  toe.  Antebrachial 
membrane  losing  itself  at  middle  of  radius.  Two  caudal  vcrtebnu  free  from 
membrane. 

Black  glandular  prominences  between  eyes  and  nostrils  well  developed,  fringed 
with  longish  hairs  on  both  upi)er  and  lower  edges,  aud  with  three  or  four  long, 
black,  bristly  hairs  growing  from  its  upper  surfm-o. 

Inner  edge  of  ear  conch  evenly  convex.  Outer  edge  coming  uj)  iu  an  even,  sweep- 
ing curve  from  angle  of  mouth  to  level  of  tip  of  tragus,  where  it  meets  a  slightly 
concave  line  leading  up  to  the  obtusely  rounded  tip.  A  nearly  semi-circular  aiiti- 
tragus  is  developed  from  that  part  of  the  couch  passing  below  the  tragns.  Bone  of 
inner  margin  of  tragus  concave,  thus  throwing  this  organ  forward,  followed  by  a 
straight  margin.  Bone  of  outer  margin  with  a  subtriaugular  lobe,  followed  by  a 
deep  notch,  al>ovt>  which  the  greatest  width  is  (|uickly  reached.  From  here  a  nearly 
straight  line  leads  to  the  tip,  which  is  obtusely  rounded. 

Measurements  in  millimeters:  Lengtli  of  head  and  body,  from  tip  of  nose  to  base 
of  tail,  37.5;  length  of  tail,  36;  lengtli  of  tail  beyond  membrane,  3;  length  of  head, 
15;  height  of  ear,  from  notch  between  antitragus  and  eonch  to  tip,  10;  height  of 
tragus,  inner  margin,  1.5;  height  of  tragus,  outer  margin,  6;  greatest  width  of 
tragus,  2;  lengthof  antitragus,  2;  heightof  antitragus  (approximately),  .75;  length 
of  forearm,  31;  length  of  thumb,  including  claw  and  excluding  metacarpus,  7.5. 
Second  digit — metacarpal,  29.  Third  digit — metacarpal,  30.5;  first  phalanx,  11.5; 
second  phalanx,  11;  cartilaginous  tip,  5.  Fourth  digit — metacarpal,  29;  first  pha- 
lanx, 10;  second  phalanx,  7;  cartilaginous  tip,  2.5.  Fifth  digit — metacarpal,  28; 
first  phalanx,  8.5;  second  phalanx,  5;  cartilagiuous  tip,  1.  Interspace  between 
tips  of  third  and  fourth  digits,  16;  interspace  between  tips  of  fourth  and  fifth  digits, 
37;  interspace  between  tip  of  fifth  digit  aud  juncture  of  membrane  with  foot,  42; 
extent  of  outstretched  wings,  212;  length  of  tibia,  13.5;  length  of  foot,  9;  length 
of  calcaneum,  about  8. 


Teeth,  "' 


:=30  [34]. 


1-1    2-2    3-3. 
3-3    l-l'    2-2'    3-3 

Middle  npiier  incisors  separated  by  1.5  mm.,  inclined  forwards  and  inwards;  a 
large  internal  cusp  on  posterior-external  edge  halfway  up  from  base  to  tip.  Outer 
incisors  simple,  coniciil,  inclined  parallel  to  their  respective  inner  mates,  separated 
from  canines  by  about  .75  mm.  Lower  incisors  tri-lobate,  evenly  spaced.  Upper 
canines  long,  simple,  slightly  recurved.  Lower  canines  straight,  with  basal  cusps 
on  forward  edge  only.  First  upper  premolar  interior  to  tooth  line,  visible  from  the 
exterior.    Second  upper  premolar  lf)nger  than  any  of  its  corresponding  molars. 

A  prominent  conical  excrescence  is  on  the  lower  gum,  opposite  the  space  between 
the  premolars,  iu  front  of  which  the  point  of  the  upper  canine  pas^ses.  Two  much 
less  prominent  excrescences  are  on  the  upper  gum  immediately  above  this  lower 
one.  Type  No.  527  i  ,  Las  Vegas,  V[era  CrH]z,  February  19, 1891.  C<dlectors,  11.  L. 
Ward  and  C.  M.  Teran. 

General  remarkH. — IHpiHtrellus  rera'cnuHit  (litters  from  P.  auhjiavutt  x\\ 
its  siuallei'  size,  relatively  longer  thumb,  and  browner,  less  yellow  color. 


VESPEKTILIO. 


95 


No  specimens  of  tbis  sjieeies  have  been  obtained  by  the  field  agents  of 
the  Biological  Survey,  nor  are  any  known  to  be  in  American  museums. 

Average  measiirementa  of  Xorth  AmericHii  J'orniH  nf  I'ipislrellua. 


1 

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Name. 

L.Malitv. 

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hi'ipeniK Washington;  Alinota 

f 'alifornia :  Fort  Vunia... 

Santa  Vsabcl  . 

Coloraito:  tiraml  J  (Miction 

Texas :  I'nisano 

iiiitlialix Jalisco:  Uairanca  Huii-a 

Uarram-a  Ibarra. 

veidcruein Vera  I'riiz:    Las   Vegas. 

•Jalajia. 

siibllaviu Louisiana:  M<-r  Kouge  . . . 

Mi.s.s<>iiri:  MarltleCave. .. 
I)i.-»tricl     "'f      t'oliiuibia: 
Washington. 
vbscuni* Xew  Vork :  Lake  tJeorgc . 


1? 
'1  J" 
10 

4 

3 
•19 

4 
'1 


12 
11 


77    :i2 
70     28 

72.8  3?      11.5  5.5 

74.(>31      12  5.5 

73     34.5  12.8  .J.4 

(U      28      11.4  5 

«3. 2  26. 8  10. 7  5.) 

73.5  30      13.5  9 


109  9;85. 1  40.7  15.3    7.9 

10         84.0  39.816.1    8.1 

5?  9  84     37.815.2   7.8 


10 


,84.8  38.015.2   8 


4      52 
3.8  48 


31. 6i  4 

31.3  4 

32.5  4 
9  4 

28.6  3.9 
31  I.  r> 

14.6  6.8 

33.7  6.  i- 
34  6.8 

36  6.8 


12.4   9    I  5.4 
10       8.6    4.6 


51,411.6  8.7  5.2 

,52      12.1    9.3  5.4 

55.512.4    9.6  5.1 

47      10.4    8.4  5 

45      10.7    8  4.5 

58      fi 

60.8  14.2   9.8  6.6 

•jO      13.9   9.5  6.4 

62.8114       9.6  6.6 


00.0  14     ilO       6.8 


'Tyi*:  measurements  by  original  dcscriber. 


Genus  VESPERTILIO    Linneeus. 

175S.  Veapertilio  Liuiia-iis,  Systeui.i  Natiinc.  lOtli  ed.,  I,  pp.  31-32.  T}•p^^  by  elimina- 
tion I'tspertilio  miiriiiiig  Liiiiia-iiH  (not  C.  mi<riiiiiH  Schreher,  1775). 

IX'20.  Eptexiciis  Kaline.s<|iii',  Annuls  of  Niiture,  p.  2.  Type  Eptvuicua  melanops  Rali- 
ues(ii'.e  {=  f'eKj}trHlio  fuicuis  Beauvois). 

1829.  Ciiephiriis  Kanp,  .''kizzirte.  Entw.-fiescli.  u.  Natiii  1.  Syst.  d.  Kurop.  Thierw.,1,  p. 
103.     Type  f 'exptrtilio  terolin us  ^'■fhri'hui-. 

183!t.  lenperitgo  Key8«?riing«Sc  Klasiiis.  Wiejrmiinn's  Aii-biv  f.  Natiirgescb.,  5ter  Jabrg., 
Btl.  l.p.312(part). 

183!l.  f'espenis  Keyserling  &  Dla.«iii<i.  Wie^maun's  Arcbiv  f.  N.itnrgesch.,  oter.labrg., 
B(l.  1.  p.  HIS.     I!ai»e«l  on  tbe  ;>2-to(>tbt'<l  s[)e(,ies  of  '  Vespevuijo.' 

1841.  Xottula  Ilonapartf.  Itonogialia  Fanna  Italica,  I,  fasc.  XXI,  uuiler  Vevpertilio 
iih-iflliue.     Type  '  I 'e»j>f i-h</"    «<»•«*/'/»««. 

1856.  Catioriis  Kolenuti.  Allgt-ni.  Ik'iitscb  Natnrbist.  Zuitg.,  Diostlcn.  Nt-ue  Folge, 
il.  pi>.  131.  H!2-ll!:{.     Typ»'  •  I'csptnigo'  Hcroliiiun. 

1856.  Meteonix  Koleuati.  .Mlgeai.  I>eiitstli.  Natuihist.  Zoitg.,  Dr4'8deu,  Neue  F«>lge, 
II,  pp.  131,  It»7-I6y  (included  iiilnsoiii,  discolor,  siirti,  leucippe,  ariatippe). 

WA.  Scotophiliis  H.  Albii.  Monoyr.  N.  .\m.  Bats,  p.  27  (part). 

1H7H.    f'vsiicntijo  Dobson,  (atal.  Cbiiopteia  Brit.  Mas.,  ]».  183  (part). 

1892.  Ideloniicterii  H.  Allen.  I'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  (1891).  p.  466,  Jan.  19,  1892, 

(Proposed  as  a  sub.stitute  for  I'fgperus,  preoccupied  in  Entomology). 

1893.  Advloinicierh  II.  Allen,  Mono^f.  B:it8,  N.  Am.,  p.  HI. 

Type  speciex. —  Vexprrtilio  mnrimi>t  Liumeus  (=  T.  f//«6'o/o»'  Natterer) 
— not  1".  mitrhnm  Schreber. 

(rvofiniphic  iliHtfilnitinn. — IJoical,  Austral  and  parts  of  Tropical  re- 
gions in  bt)tli  bemisplieres. 


I 


9()  NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 

U-2       l-l  1-1        3-3 

Generic  characters. — Dental  formala:   i,  T.-.i;  ''j  i  i ;  i>'W>M  •»'  '"'  •{  '^=32. 

Skull  (tigs.  'Ji  aikd  'Si)  hirj^eaiid  heavily  built;  rostrum  broad  in  propor- 
tion to  brain  <-ase  ( Ics-s  so  than  in  Lasionyctcris),  acurcely  concave  at  sides 
back  of  uasal  aperture;  dor.sal  profile  nearly  straight,  ri»ing  gradu- 
ally tVoni  external  nares  to  occiput,  which  in  the  adult  is  strongly 
angular  and  provided  with  a  con.spicuous  sagittal  crest.  Ears  short, 
considerably  narrower  than  long,  basal  lobe  well  develoi)ed,  but  not 
excessively  large.  Tragus  straight,  short,  directed  slightly  forward, 
broadest  neai  the  middle  and  tapering  to  a  moderately  sharp  point. 
Back  of  interfemoral  membrane  wholly  naked  except  for  a  sprinkling 
of  hairs  on  basal  fourth.     Mammse,  2. 

liinernl  remarks. — The  genus  VesjtertiUo  contains  the  largest  Ameri- 
can species  of  the  Vespertilionine  group.  Aside  from  the  dental  for- 
mula, the  large  size  of  VexiH-rtUio  /uficiiXj  the  only  known  North  Ameri- 
can species,  is  sufficient  to  distinguish  the  genus  among  those  occurring 
in  the  region  now  under  consideration. 

Tlie  North  American  si>e<Mes  is  separable  into  at  loast  Ave  tolerably 
well  marked  subs|)ecies  a«  follows: 

KEV  T'»  th:;  suksi'Eciks  of  vespeutilio  Fuscrs. 

S'l/.v  Miiiall  (total  length,  tWto  107;  forearm,  10  to  45;  longest  tiuger,  GH  to  77). 

Bruailtli  of  iiiii/xle  greater  tLau  half  length  of  head propinquug  (p.  100) 

Hroailth  of  muzzle  less  th:iii  half  k-iigth  of  hca<l bahamensis  (p.  101) 

Size  large  (total  Iinigtli.  105  Ut  12_';  forearm,  43  to  52;  longest  finger,  77  to  96). 

Membrauts  ami  cant  thick  and  leathery,  the  ears  distinctly  thickeni-d  along 

anterior  liordir fiiscuH  (p.  96) 

Membranes  and  ears  thin,  the  ears  scarcely  thickened  along  anterior  horder. 

Fort-arm,  47  to  5i);  longi-st  finger,  85  to  X9  (average  86) cubenxis  (p.  102) 

Forearm,  50  to  52;  longest  linger,  85  to  1!6  (average  5)0)  ..miradorensia  (p. 99) 

VESPKRTILIO  Fl.'SCL'.S  Beauvois.     Brown  Bat. 

1796.  i'tsperliliofnxcMx  iSeauvoi«>.  Catal.  I'eale's  Mnseum,  p.  14.  (Philadelphia.  Pa.). 
1806.    I'esperlilio  caruliueHnU  (ieoft'roy,  Ann.  Mas.  d'Hist.  Xat.,  Paris,  VIH,  p.  193. 

(Carolina.) 
1818.    reapirtilio  phaiop^  Ralini-xiiii-,  Am.  Monthly  ilag.,  Ill,  p.  445.     (Ktntncky.) 
1820.  I'^plesiiiit  mtliiiiop*  K'aliiiesqne,  Annals  of  Nature,  p.  2.     (Kentucky.) 
1823.    I'cuptttilio  arquatHt  .Say.  Long's  Kxpeilitiou  to  Uocky  Mountains,  I,  p.   167, 

footnote. 
1835.    Vvapvitilio  ursiimg  Temmintk,  Monogr.  de  .Manunalogie,  II,  p.  235. 
1843.  Scolophiltia  greenii  Gray.  List  8|>ec.  Mamni.  Brit.  Mus.,  p.  30  (nomcu  nudum). 
18«5I.  Sviitophilusfiixciii  II.  Allen,  Mouogr.  X.  A.  Bats,  p.  208. 
1878.    reniieniiio  8eroiiHtts  var.  letiums  ftucHS  Uobson,  Catal.  Chiroptera  Brit.  Mus., 

p.  I!t3. 
1893.  A(MoH!icl<ri8fuMcii>i  II.  Allen.  Monogr.  Bats  N.  A.,  p.  112. 

Type  local  it y. — Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Oeograpliie  Uistrihutioa. — Austral,  Transition,  and  (lower  edge  of) 
Boresil  /.ones  throughout  the  United  States  and  iu\joining  British 
provinces. 

General  chaiactern. — SizV-  iarge;  total  length,  110  to  112;  tail  verte- 
bra', 11  to  52;  forearm,  4-J  to  Ki;  longest  linger,  77  to  81;  ear,  ll.dtoll; 


vESPEiniLio  ruscus. 


97 


fjirs  ami  nieuibraiies  thick  and  leatbery;  crowns  of  upper  molars  nar- 
row: c«»Ior  variable,  but  seUlo'u  very  «lark. 
Earx. — Kars  .sliort.  reacliinjr  barely  to  nostril  when  laid  forward, 

tarred  on  basal  third  above  and  sprinkled  with  hairs  on  most  of  inner 

>iufac'e,  bat  especially  near  an  terior  bor- 
der.   The  njembrane  of  the  ear  is  heavier 

and  more  leat.:ery  than  in  the  southern 

-ubsjiecies.  and  the  anterior  edge  is  dis- 

riiietly  thickened. 
MnnhriintH. — Membranes  naked,  broad 

.md   ample,  that  of  win;:s   attached  to 

taot  a  little  beyond  ba-e  of  t<tes.     Free 

idge  of  interfemoral   membrane  a  little 

-liovter  tliau  calcar  and  terniinatin;:  ai 

baseof  penultimate  caudal  vertebra.   The 

flight    membranes,    like    the    ears,   are 

thicker  and  le.-'s  liicmbranaceous  tlian  in 

the  subiMJcies  occurring  in  or  near  the 

tiopics. 

Fftt. — Foot  about  half  length  of  tibia; 

calcar  slightly  longer  than  foot,  keeled 

(Ui  outer 
edge,  and 
terminat- 
ing indis- 
tinctly or 
in  a  faintly 

defined   lobe.     Dorsum  of  toes  with   a 
few  short  bristle  like  hairs. 

Fur  nnti  volar. — On  middle  of  back  the 
fur  is  about  1-  mn;.  long.  Tlie  fur  ex- 
tends along  the  sides  in  a  line  about  10 
mm.  wide  on  wing  membranes  both  above 
and  below.  The  proximal  third  or  fourth 
of  uropatagium  is  furred.  Otherwise 
the  membranes  are  naked  except  for  a 
few  stattered  hairs  on  the  under  side  of 
the  interfemoral  membrane  and  on  the 
under  side  of  the  wings  close  to  the  hu- 
merus and  forearm. 
Color  brown  throughout,  but  always 

Fio.K—si.ie  view  of  sk.ia  ..f ,«,  vm;,^,-  puler  on  belly  than  on  back.    The  exact 
tiUo  hahamrmit.  it)  V.  />;«>».  an<i  (c)   shade  varics  considerably,  but  is  usually 

a  clear  bister  or  sepia.    Sometimes,  how- 
ever, it  approaches  cinnamon.    Ears  and  membranes  blackish  in  dry 

si)e';iuiens. 

.vAm//.— The  skull  of  typical  T>«y>erfj7/o. /'»**•«/»  (figs.  24  ft,  L'5  h)  averages 
2772— ^'o.  13 .7 


Fig.  24.— Top  viewol'  skull  of  (n)  Yetiper- 
alio  l/ahaini'Hiiis,  (6)  V.  fntcuf,  and  (c) 
f.  K"T"fi(i»«  (X2).        ' 


Ks: 


1    I 

■    ' 


98 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


about  18.5  mm.  in  occipito-nasal  k'ligth  and  1L'."»  mm.  in  zygomatic 
breadth;  mandible,  14  mm.  It  has  no  tanj-ible  characters  to  ilistin- 
guish  it  from  the  skulls  of  the  other  large  subspecies. 

Tirtli. — The  teeth  of  tj'pical  W'HpcrtiliofuxfUH  (tig.  20  o)  do  not  differ 
appreciably  in  form  or  size  from  those  of  the  other  large  continental 
subspecies.  They  average  slightly  smaller,  however,  than  in  V./iisrn.s 
minulorcmiH,  and  the  crown  of  the  middle  upper  molar  is  usvially 
narrower. 

MeaHurementK. — See  table,  page  103. 

Specimens  cviimined. — Total  number,  ;}3(»,  from  the  following  localities: 

Alabama:  (iieeiisboio,  1, 

Arkansas:  Fort  Towsoii.  1. 

Ari/ona:  Apache,  t;  Sniitii  Cataliua  Moinitains.  S  (skins);  Cliirifalma  Moun- 
tains, 1  (skin);  (Juailaliiix'  Canon,  Cochise  County.  2  (skins);  Fort  Verde, 
2  1 1  skin);  Fort  Iluachiica,  It;  Hnaehiua  Mouutainis.  I  (skins);  New  River, 
2:  .Sail  Franeisco  Mountain.  (>;  Yuma.  1. 

British  Columbia:  Asheroft,  2  (skiusi. 

Calil'oinia:  Hear  Valley,  San  IJeruardino  County.  2;  I'assel.  2;  Closertlale,  1; 
Dul/nra.  ;{  (1  .nkin);  Horse  C<ural  Meadows.  Fresno  County  (altitiule,  8.<X)0 
leet),  1;  Kern  Iiake>,  North  Fork  Kern  Hiver  (altitude,  7.000  feet).  1 ;  Kern 
River.6;  Kernville.  1;  South  Fork  Kindts  River.  2;  Lone  Fine, 7;  Little  Kern 
Hivor,  3;  Mount  Shasta,  2  (sskinsi;  Mount  Whitney,  2;  Nevada  City,  6; 
Nieasio.  03;  Owens  Lake,  1 ;  Old  Vort  Tejon,  1 ;  Pine  Valley.  4  (skins) ;  Foso 
Creek,  Kern  County.  1  (skin) ;  Round  Valley,  I ;  Raymond.  2;  Santa  Harbara, 
2;  Se<|Uoia  National  Park.  !•;  Sherwood,  1;  Twin  Oaks,  San  Diejio  County, 
3;  Three  h'i vers.  1;  Tehachapi.  1:  Vi.salia,  2;  Walker  Hasin.  Kern  County, 
■1 ;  Yosemite  \'alley.  2. 

Colorado:  Loveland.  (>  (skins.  Miller  coll.).  * 

Cor.neelieut:  Norfolk,  2. 

District  of  Columbia  :  Washington.  r)3  (33  skins). 

Georjiia:  Rieeboro.  1. 

Idaho:  Fort  Sherman.  1. 

Illinois:  Richlan<l  County.  1;  Warsaw,  4. 

Kansas:  Fort  Riley,  2;  Neosho  Falls,  1  (skin). 

Maine:  Fastport.  4. 

Massachusetts:  Cambridge.  4;  Wilmington.  (>  (skins). 

Mississippi :  Bay  St.  Louis.  2. 

Missouri:  Marble  Cave,  Stone  County,  o;  St.  I^ouis.  1. 

Montana:  Big  Snowy  Mountains.  1;  Prospect  Creek.  2;  Kalisiiell,  2;  Milk 
River.  I. 

Nevada:  Pyramid  I^ake,  4;  Carson  \alley.  1. 

New  Hampshire:  Charlestown.  1. 

New  York:  Haniuiondville,  6;  Sing  Sing.  13. 

Ontario:  Toronto.  1  (skin). 

Oregon:  Anna  Creek,  3;  Des  Chutes  River,  4  (skins);  Fort  Klamath,  2. 

Pennsylvnni:i:  Carlisle,!;  Center  County,  2  (skins). 

South  Dakota:  Smithville,  5;  Custer.  1;  Cheyenne  River,  1;  Fort  Pierre,  1; 
Fort  Meade,  1. 

Texas:  Brazos  River,  I. 

Utah:  Cache  County,  1:  Laketowii,  1;  Ogden,  5;  St. George,  4. 

Washington:  Spokane  Bridge,  2;  Geyser  Basin.  1. 

General  remarks. — In  size  and  general  appearance  typical  Vesper- 
tilio  fiiscus  occupies  a  somewhat  intermediate  position  among  the  North 
American  subspecies.    It  is  considerably  smaller  than  miradorensh 


VESPERTILIO   PUSCrS    MIRADOREXSIS. 


99 


and  iiiiH.'h  larjjer  than  7>»v»;>/Hf/HH«  ami  huhnmiuHix.  Vory  pallid  speoi- 
nieii«  are  (H'fa.sionall.v  taken  in  tlu"  Sontlnvt'stern  Tnitt'd  States,  hut 
tiie  nundu-r  of  skin.s  available  for  ionipatison  is  so  small  tliat  it  is 
inil>ossil)le  to  <leteiinine  the  status  ot  tbe  Ibrui  wbicli  these  aberrant 
individuals  represent. 

Vcspertilio  J'uhi'uh  and  V,  serotiniiH  have  been  eonsidered  by  uiauy 
writers  sis  races  of  a  circunipohir  species.  Six  specimens  of  the  sero- 
tine — four  from  IJudapest,  Hungary,  and  two  from  Uerne,  Switzerland 
— kindly  sent  lue  by  Mr.  Ohlfiehl  Thonms,  of  the  IJritish  Museum,  prove 
conclusively  that  this  view  of  the  relationship  of  the  two  animals  is 
untenable.  The  diflerences  between  the  Anjerican  and  European  forms 
are  so  great  that,  taken  in  connection  Avith  the  complete  geographic 
isolation  which  undoubtedly  exists,  they  leave  no  doubt  of  the  neces- 
sity of  recognizing  each  as  a  distinct  species.  VvHpertillo  serotiinis  is 
a  lai'ge  and  heavily  built  animal,  approached  in  size  by  V.  fiiseus  niira- 
(lot'cHsis  alohi,  among  tiie  races  of  V.  fiincux.  The  adult  females  from 
Budapest  measure,  respectively :  Total  length,  I'M  and  I'M;  tail  ver- 
tebra*, 52  and  53;  tibia,  L'2..S  and  22.0;  foot,  10  and  11;  forearm,  52 
in  each;  thumb,  8.4  and  8;  longest  finger,  93  and  1)0;  ear  from 
meatus.  20  in  each;  width  of  ear,  13  and  14;  tragus,  l>  and  S.(!.  lu 
addition  to  its  large  general  size  T.s^to/Zhws  has  relatively  much  larger 
skull  and  teeth  than  any  of  the  races  of  V.  fiisctts  (see  tigs.  24,  25,  and 
'2(>K  The  skull  of  an  adult  female  from  Budapest  (So.  4480,  Miller  coll.) 
measures:  Occipito  nasal  length,  21.4;  zygomatic  breadth,  15;  man- 
dible, 17;  upper  tooth  row  (exclusive  of  incisors),  8;  lower  tooth  row, 
10.  The  skull  is  considerably  broader  in  proportion  to  its  length  than 
in  r.  fusvusy  and  the  audital  bulhe  are  relatively  smaller.  The  teeth 
are  much  larger  than  those  of  Vespcrtilio  fiiscus,  and  the  inner  lobes  of 
the  nj)per  molars  are  broader,  in  this  respect  approaching  V.  fmnts 
cuhensis.  The  upper  incisors  are  separated  frouj  the  canines  by  a  wider 
space  than  Ui/usvhk,  and  this  space  subtends  a  distinct  groove  on  the 
surface  of  the  i)remaxilla  between  the  roots  of  the  canine  and  incisors. 
The  paroccipital  i)rocesses  arc  much  more  strongly  developed  in  V. 
serotinus  than  in  any  of  the  races  of  1'.  fuscun. 

VESPERTILIO  FUSCUS  MIRADOREX^IS  (H.  Allen). 
18*56.  Scotophilns  miradotensis  H.  Allen,  I'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  p.  287. 

Tyj)e  locality. — Mirador,  Vera  Cruz,  ^lexico.  Type  in  the  United 
States  National  Museum,  but  now  mislaid  or  lost. 

Geoffraphie  (listrihution. — Costa  Kica,  Guatemala,  and  southern  Mex- 
ico.   Limits  of  range  not  known. 

General  characters. — Size  larger  and  color  darker  than  in  the  more 
northern  form.  Feet  and  distribution  of  fur  as  in  true  fuscns;  ears 
and  membranes  thinner  and  more  membranaceous. 

Color. — In  color  Vespertilio  fuscns  w<t»'rtr7o»'c>j»/«  averages  darker  thau 
true  fnscus,  thus  agreeing  with  the  other  southern  forms,  propinquns 
and  cuhensis. 


100 


NORTH    AMKRICAN    FAUNA. 


I  ; 


:  ■  I 

i  :'    i 


ShttU. — Tho  skull  of  Vcspcrtilio/iiHcuH  minKlonnsix  is  slightly  lar}.'er 
and  somewliat  less  tlalt«'iie<l  than  that  of  true  /iiscits.  Tlic  hkull  of  an 
adult  male  from  Tehuucan,  I'nebla,  nu'asnres:  Occipito  nasal  lenj^th. 
19.5  nun.;  zygonnUic  breadth,  1.'5;  nmndible,  14..">.  The  occiput, altliough 
developing  even  niore  strongly  marked  ridges  tlnm  in  tiie  typical  sub- 
species, appears  less  sharply  'peaked' behind  wlien  viewed  (Voni  the  side. 

I'eetli. — The  teeth  are  lieavier  than  in  true  fnscus,  and  the  crown  ol 
the  nuddle  upper  molar  is  bromb'r  on  its  inner  side,  but  no  tangible 
dental  clmracters  (;an  bo  establislied  to  separate  the  large  snbsjjecies. 

MeuHHremenh. — See  table,  page  1(^3. 

SpechnenH  <\ramhiv<l. — Total  number,  17,  from  the  following  localities: 

Costa  Hica:  San  .losf,  1. 

Giiateiiialii:  Znnil,  (/iieznltfiianfjo,  1. 

Mexico:  Vallfv  of  Tuliica,  2  (skins);  Ixtapalapa,  2. 

Oaxai'a:  C'l'iko  8aii  l'cli[>o,  1;  Uaxuca,  1. 

Tufbla:  'I'elinacaii,  I!  ( I  t<kiii). 

Tlaxcala:  Mt.  Maliiiclie,  1. 

VeraCrn/:  ,li<'o,  1;  Las  V^i^aH,  L';    I'lispaiigo,  2  (skins). 

VKSPKIMILK)  FUSCUS  I'HOPIN'QITS  (Peters). 

1872.    re»perii8 proi)imiini8  Toters,  .Monatsl»er.  Iv.  Prenss.  Akad.  Wiss.,  JJcrlin,  ji.  2(i2. 
1878.    I'tspiriifio  juopitniniii  liobson,  Catal.  Chiroiitcra  IJrit.  Mns.,  p.  203. 

Ti/i)e  loiality. — Santa  Ysabel,  (luatemula. 

Geographic  ilistrihiition. — In  addition  to  the  type  the  only  known 
specimen  of  Veftpcrtiliofttscus  propiiuiuHs  is  from  Grey  town,  Nicaragua 

Gouraf  ehat'drfcrs. — Size  very  small  (total  length,  9(i  to  lO.'j ;  tail 
vertebrae,  37  to  -l.~);  longest  finger,  08;  ear,  14  to  l."));  breadth  of  muzzle 
distinctly  more  than  half  length  of  head;  colors  dark. 

J-Jarfi. — The  ears  in  VcspertiUo  fuscns  propinqiiUN  are  proportionally 
shorter  and  broader  than  in  tyi)ical/H»c»,s,  and  the  tips  are  distinctly 
more  broadly  riimded.  Tliey  are  haired  in  exactly  the  same  nmnner 
as  in  true /»st'K.s'.  The  ear  membranes  are  thin  and  membranuceous, 
like  those  of  the  other  southern  races. 

MenibraneH  and  feet. — Except  for  their  smaller  size,  the  mend)ranes 
and  feet  are  exactly  as  in  trne/«st'».v,  though  the  membrane.s,  like  the 
ears,  are  thinner  and  less  leathery. 

Fur  anil  color. — The  fur  is  shorter  than  in  true /»»<?««,  averaging  oidy 
about  7  mm.  on  back.  There  is  nothing  peculiar  in  its  distribution. 
In  the  single  alcoholic  specimen  that  1  have  seen  the  color  is  about  as 
in  r.  /kxcus  iHirafli>rcn.siii.  Peters,  however,  describes  the  color  of  the 
type  8i»eclmeu  as  rust  red.'  This  is  much  brighter  than  the  Greytown 
specimen,  but  the  color  may  be  due  to  staining  while  in  alcohol. 

Measurements. — See  table,  page  103. 

SpecimeHK  examined. — 1  have  seen  only  one  specimen  of  Tcitpertilio 
fuscuH  pntpinqKiis.  This  was  cidiected  by  Mr.  Charles  W.  Kichniond  at 
Greytown,  Nicaragua  (  9  ad..  No.  52790,  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Dept.  of  Agriculture  collection). 


'  "Oben  rostroth.  die  Hnure  an  dcr  Basis  scbwarz  naun,  Banchseitc  blasser,  indent 
die  an  der  Basis  schwarzbraunen  Haaro  bier  nielir  rostgelbe  .Spitzcn  Labeu." 


VESI'KHTILIO    FUSC'US    MAHAMEN8I8. 


101 


General  rnuarkti. — Among  the  rsn'Cs  of  Vi-fipeftilio  /uxctis,  V.  J'usvuh 
proiniitiHuit  ditters  most  wicU-ly  in  size  and  in  form  of  lit'jul  from  its 
nearest  jjeograpliical  ally,  I'.  /Kurus  mhunhimiHix.  It  combines  the 
small  size  of  the  West  Indian  hahmntHHin,  tlie  broad  mnzzle  of  true 
/■».«•««,  and  the  deli«'ate  ears  and  membranes  of  the  southern  races  in 
general.     Additional  material  may  show  that  it  is  specitically  distimt. 

VKSl'KIMILIO  FUSC'US  UAIIAMENSIS  siil.sp.  uov. 

Tijiic  fi'(»iii  Xassaii,  New  i'r<iviileii<'t',  naliiiiiias.  Adult  f  (iu  alcohol)  No.  7G.">37.  U.S. 
National  Mii^i'uin  ( Kiolngical  Survey  collection).  ('ollectt'<l  iu  the  Kjiring  of  iH'it 
liy  ('.  J.  Maviianl. 

Gcofirdphic  lUntriliiituni. — This  fnrm  is  kiiown  IVom  the  ty]>e  locality 
only. 

General  cliaractern. — Size  about  as  in  T.  /nsenn  jirajtinijuns :  lucadth 


Fifi.  28 — Teeth  of  (n)  Vf*i>*-rlilio  futeim.  (6)  T.  bahamen!>i^.  (e)  V.  (iibmtit.  (tl)  V.  tniradoreimt,  and 

ie)  V.  nfrntiiiia  (5). 

of  muzzle  less  than  half  length  of  head;  ears  narrower  than  in  proj)in- 
(intis,  about  as  in  typical ///.vrHj<. 

Ears. — Ears  smaller  than  in  typical  fn.scns,  but  of  essentially  the 
same  .shape,  thus  narrower  than  in  proirinqnus.  The  ear  membrai'c  is 
tliinner  and  more  membranaceous  than  in  true /h.schs,  in  this  re.spect 
lesembling  that  of  the  other  southern  races. 

Memhranett  ami  feei. — The  membranes  and  feet  are  as  in  typical 
/i(.sei(s,  allowance  being  made  for  the  smaller  size  of  hahamensis,  and 
the  diflerence  in  texture  of  the  membranes  common  to  all  the  southern 
races. 

Fnr  awl  color. — The  fur  is  shorter  than  in  true  fnneun,  averaging  only 
about  8  mm.  in  length  on  the  back.     It  is  distributed  exactly  as  in  the 
typical  subspecies.     So  far  as  can  be  determined  from  specimens  pre 
served  in  alcohol,  the  color  is  considerably  darker  and  duller  than  in 
true  fusciis. 


Ill    Ij 


i!i 


iiii 


'  :  i 
1 


:  f 


102 


NOItTH    AMEKKAN    FAINA. 


Shull. — The  skull  of  VeHpvrtilio  fiincun  ImhainvmiH  is  much  siiuvUor 
and  jiioru  lightly  built  tlian  that  of  typical  J'khvhh  (HgH.  L*4(i  auil  ^'tn). 
I'he  skull  of  a  fully  adult  male  uieasures:  Occipito-nasal  Iciijfth,  lfi..j; 
zygomatic  breadth,  1 1 ;  mandible,  12.(5.  In  form  it  differs  from  that  of 
true  J'hhcus  in  its  narrower,  deeper,  more  cylindric  brain  eas*'  and  less 
sharply  'jH'aked'  occiput. 

Teeth. — The  teeth,  like  the  skull,  are  smaller  than  those  of  true./HKC»« 
(tig.  20/;).  In  a  fully  adult  male  the  upi)er  tooth  row  (exclusive  of 
incisors)  measures  (i.4  mm.;  the  unmdibular  tooth  row,  7.8  mm.  In 
form  the  teeth  differ  slightly  from  those  of  true  fuHcun  in  the  greater 
breadth  of  the  inner  (lingual)  side  of  the  first  and  second  upper  molars. 

MeaNureinents. — See  table,  page  1().'5. 

SpechncnH  c.ramineih — Total  number  !K),  all  from  the  type  locality. 

Oenvral  rrmarhx. —  Vespertilio  /uscus  ImhumeHHkH  needs  no  comparisoit 
with  typical  J'uhvuh  or  with  1".  fnseutt  citbiusis,  from  both  of  which  it 
ditt'ers  widely  in  size.  Its  superficial  resemblance  to  V.  fuHvus  pro- 
pinquHH  is  closer.     Unlike  the  latter,  it  has  a  very  narrow  muzzle. 

VESPEKTILIO  FIJSCUS  CUBENSIS  (Gray). 

1839.  ScoiophiliiB  ritbensis  (Jrny,  Aim.  Nat.  Hist.,  IV,  p.  7. 

1810.    I'espetiUio  (hilertreiis  (iervais,  in  Hanion  tlo  la  Sayrn'w  Hist,  de  I'llo  «le  Cuba, 

Mamiiiifires,  i>,  fi. 
1892.    fvapiriiijo  fiisvnn  ciibeiiiiis  Cliapiiiau,  llull.  Am.  Mn».  Nat.  Hitit.,  IV,  p.  31(5. 

Type  locality. — Cuba. 

Geographic  (lintribuiion. — Cuba. 

General  charactern. — Externally  similar  to  VespertiMo  fuscus  mirarlo- 
reitsis,  but  slightly  smaller  in  general  size,  and  with  much  smaller  ears. 
Skull  about  as  large  as  in  true  /usvtis,  thus  much  smaller  than  iu 
miradorennis. 

Ears. — The  ears  are  delicate  and  papery,  like  tho.se  of  the  other 
southern  races.  They  are  smaller  than  in  either  J'hscus  proi)er  or  mira- 
dorcuHis.  In  form  they  ditfer  markedly  from  those  of  true  fuscKs  in 
their  general  narrowness,  and  especially  in  their  more  pointed  tips. 
The  characters  of  the  ears  have  already  been  described  by  Mr.  Chapman. 

Membraneti. — In  form  the  membranes  do  liot  ditfer  from  those  of  the 
other  subspecies.    In  texture  they  agree  with  the  southern  forms. 

Fitr  and  color. — The  fur  is  distributed  exactly  as  iu  the  other  sub- 
species. In  color  the  specimens,  after  live  years'  immersion  in  alcohol, 
are  darker  and  redder,  especially  on  the  whole  ventral  surface,  than  any 
others  that  I  have  seen.  They  even  surpass  T^  /uncus  miradorcnsis  in 
darkness  and  richness  of  color. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Vespertilio  fuscus  exihensis  is  about  the  size  of  that 
of  true/M«cu8  or  a  little  smaller,  thus  distinctly  smaller  than  that  of  V. 
fuscus  miradorensisj  the  form  to  which  cuhensis  bears  the  closest  super- 
ficial resemblance,  and  much  larger  than  that  of  hahamensis,  its  nearest 
geographical  ally.    In  form  the  skull  is  similar  to  that  of  true  fuscus 


VKSI'KKTILIO    Fl'SCUS   CITHF.NSIS. 


103 


Itiit  the  brain  case  is  sliglilly  less  HatteiHMl.  The  sagittal  crest  is  well 
(U'v«'lo[>e(l  as  in  the  otluT  larye  subspecies. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  of  VeHj)ertilio  /kscuh  riiheUHlH  i  llg.  1,'Oc)  ilitVer  from 
those  of  trne  /hhciim  in  the  ^^reater  breadth  of  the  inner  (liii<;ual)  sides 
nf  the  nuixillary  molars.  These  teeth  are  also  distinctly  shortened  in 
their  transverse  diameter.  These  peculiarities  are  exaggerations  of 
the  conditions  found  in  mlfnihn-inHh  and  huhanunsifi. 

MvttHiirementH. — See  table  below. 

SpeeimeHx  e,riimine<l. — Total  ntimber,  11,  from  the  following  locality: 

Cuba:  Triuidad,  10  ;  ,  1. 

General  remarlm. —  Vesperfilio  fuscits  cubeHtiin  is  a  fairly  well  marked 
insular  form  apparently  most  closely  related  to  V.  /hhchh  iHirathrensin 
of  southern  Mexico.  It  ditl'ers  much  less  from  this  larye  continental  sub- 
species than  from  V./khvuh  bukamemifi,  its  nearest  geographical  ally. 

Averaf/e  iiieitmirvmentx  of  niihtipecics  of  renperlilio/iiscna. 


iiiirttil"r<  ntin. 


priijnii'jiiuM  . 
htih(tuitnitig . 
ciiliriitie 


Ar.issnrhusttts:  CaintiritlKe.    'J 

XcsvVork:  Siiii;  Sin;; 10 

District      (if      C'ciluMiliia:      5 

WiisliiiiKtoii. 
Miasissii)])!;  liny  St.  Louis. .    2 

California;  Xiiasio Id 

Loiii-  I'ine 5 

Vi'raCniz:  Mirailor '•'1 

.lie. 1    / 

I<a^  Vi-^a.s 1   i 

Tlnxcnla:  Xlt.  Afalinclie 1   -f 

Pii.lila:  Tcliiii.can '  2?  J 

Guateinnla;  Zufiil 1    ' 

Co.sla  Kira:  San  Jost- 1 

(riiattinala:  Sta.  Ysiabcl '1 

Xicara;;ua:  (iri'ytowii 1   V 

Xpw  I'roviilenci':  Xas.saii . . . '^  1    -^ 

Xassnii...  10 
(.'uba :  Triuidatl U) 


Ms 

i    .£-    -  a 

-■    7       s  te 

at       ■-  ? 

►J    *        :=  H 


116  47. .'.  10, ;.  1  '  t45  6.881  IH  i:).:i8.3 
li;i.044.'  ,J.]  y.745.:i  7  80  llt.SlS."  8.3 
110. 8  40. 5  lit.  1    'J.  7  44.  8   6.  5  80.5  18. 1  ll'.g  8 


108. 5  12 
11:J      47 

108. 6  40 


48  22 
.')!)  22 
50  21. 
50.  5  20. 
I 20 

49  22 
4.')  18 
:i7  17 
44      18 

101.7  42.6  17. 
110.7  48,519. 


118 
120 
120 
110 
110 
118 
10  J 
00 
103 


.'.  10     47 
7   9.  6  40.  4' 

6  0,2  44.  ft 
.  10.6  50 

10     50 
10      51     '■ 
611.4  52 

7  0.  8  5<l.5 
10.4  50 
10      52    i 
10     '40    ! 

7.8  40    ' 

8      42     ' 

9   8.6  42.7 

9   9      48.4 


6.  7  70  .'1 17.  5 
0  82  17.8 
0.179.4  17    ' 

8.3  ....L... 


12.5  7.8 
12,7  8.1 
12.  4  8. 1 
....    8.3 


8      91      19.4 
7      85      18 
0.  t90      19 
7     90      19 
0. 4  ....  18. 6 
0. 8  93      20 


9.  5  . . . 

5  08 

6  77 
6  74 
6.6  80 


15 

14 

16.8 

15.8 

10.7 


13  10 
13.0  9 
1:1       8.8 

13.3  9 
12  \i 
13.  6  i) 

11.4  i 

a    I  7.8 
11     'i 
U.3  7.6 
12.6  8.4 


'For  the  opportunity  of  ex.tmining  these  spechuens  I  iiiii  iudebted  to  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen 
of  tl'.e  American  Mitseiuii  of  Natural  History. 
-Type. 


104 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


=Mi 


'  ti 


[Note. — The  Ibllowiiijij  M])ecii-8  is  not  i<'i»re8tut<<l  in  any  of  the  exteusive  ciillictions 
«if  ))iitH  reccMitly  made  in  Jlfxico.  As  I  have  never  seen  the  auiiiial  ami  hi-iici-  can 
fnrni  III)  ()i>iuitin  a.s  to  the  Wfifrht  of  its  cliurur'ters,  I  have  uot  attempted  tu  iuclnde 
it  ill  tlie  !sj'no]i8iH  of  the  North  Aiiicricau  forum  of  I'csiivrlilio.  Dobson's  description, 
based  on  an  examination  of  the  type,  may  be  introduced  here,  however,  as  an  aid 
to  the  recognition  of  ^he  species.] 

VKSPERTILIO  ALHIGl'LAKIS  (Peters). 

1S72.    f'csjierus  {Marsipohvininn)  albigularin  Peters,  Monatslier.  K.  Al:;id.  Wiss.,  l$erlin, 

p.  2r>0. 
187x.    I'fHjienitio  albif/iilarin  Dobson,  Catcal.  Chiw>ptera  lirit.  Mus.,  i>.  207. 

"Ears  very  broad  and  broadly  rounded  ott"  above;  the  lower  half  of 
the  outer  margin  of  the  ear  conch  broadly  folded  backwards,  as  in  V. 
noctula,  separated  in  front  from  the  anj'le  of  the  mouth  by  a  wart,  hut 
tefminatiiif/  baJoir  awl  internal  to  it  under  the  lower  jair  by  a  small  inter- 
nalproloniiation;  tragus  broad  above,  attaining  its  greatest  width  above 
the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  which  is  slightly  concave,  narrowest 
oi)posite  the  base  of  the  inner  margin,  a  prominent  triangular  lobe  at 
the  base  of  the  outer  margin.  Nostrils  rather  witle  ajjart.  opening  sub- 
laterally  ;  muzzle  broad  and  obtuse ;  crown  of  the  head  scarcely  elevated 
above  the  face  line. 

•'Wings  from  the  base  of  the  toes:  postcalcaneal  lobe  long  and  nar 
row;  last  caudal  vertebra  free. 

"Fur  dark  brown  above,  the  extreme  tips  hoary,  as  in  1'.  novtivafjans^ 
l)aler  beneath,  the  ehin  and  throat,  as  far  back  as  a  line  connecting  the 
posterior  margins  of  the  ears,  pure  irhite. 

"Upper  inner  incisors  long  and  broatl  and  slightly  bifid  at  their 
extremities:  outer  incisors  very  short,  shortly  exceeding  the  cingulum  of 
the  inner  cues  in  vertical  extent;  the  single  upper  premolar  close  to  the 
canine;  lower  incisors  in  the  direction  of  the?  jaws;  first  lower  premolar 
half  the  size  of  the  second,  which  exceeds  the  molars  in  vertical  extent. 

"Length  (of  the  type  specimen,  an  adult  S  ),  head  and  body  li".;i5 
[59.7  mm],  tail  1".5  [38  mm|,  head  0".7  [17.8  mm  J,  ear  0  '.Go  x  O".!.} 
[10.5  nun  x  5.8  mm],  forearm  1".(J5  |41.9  mm],  thumb  (►"..'{5  [8.9  mm], 
third  finger  2".75  [09.8  mm  |,  fifth  finger  2"  [50.8  jnni],  tibia  0".0  [15.L>  mm], 
foot0".;?5[8.9mm]. 

'■'■Hah. — Mexico.    Type  in  the  collection  of  the  Herlin  Museum. 

"This  species  amy  be  at  once  distinguished  from  all  other  species  of 
VeHpertilionida'  by  the  very  peculiar  manner  in  which  the  outer  nnngiii 
of  the  ear-conch  termiiuites  under  the  Jaw,  which  has  canscd  !!;<' 
desrriber.  Dr.  iVters,  to  make  it  the  tyi>e  of  a  new  subgenu.s,  Marnii'" 
laniufi.  Jn  the  prolongation  of  the  ear  conch,  in  the  form  of  the  tiagus, 
and  in  dentition  it  resembles  the  African  species  of  Chalinolohuti." 

(ieneral  remarks. — This  species  is  very  ditferent  from  any  of  those 
recently  collected  in  IVIexico,  and  is  probably  well  worthy  of  subgeneric 
or  even  generic  separation  from  Vespertitio.  Its  characters  are  so 
remarkable  and  Mexico  has  recently  been  so  thoroughly  exi)lored  that 
doubt  is  thrown  on  the  accuracy  of  Peters'  infornmtion  concerning  the 
type  localitj'. 


LASnilUJS. 


105 


\ 


Genus  LASIURUS  Gray. 

WM,  Ldslurus  Gray.  Zoolojjical  Miscellany,  No.  1,  p.  38  (based  on  tho  American  liairy- 

tailetl  bats). 
ISGI.   l.asiiinii)  11.  .Mien.  Monoyr.  X.  Am.  Bats,  p.  14. 
ISTO.  AUtlupha  rct<r8.  Moiiat.sber.  K.  Akad.  Wiss,.  IJerlin,  p.  907.     (Not  Atalapha  Hati- 

nes(iue,  1H14.) 
1878.  Atalapha iJobson, Catal. C'liiroptera  Brit.  Mus.,  p. 267.  (Not  Atalapha Ratinisijiie, 

1814.) 
181*3,  Atalapha  H.  Allen,  M()nojj;r.  BatsN.  Am.,  p.  141.    (^ot  Atalapha  Ratinestine,  1814.) 

Type  species. — Lasinrus  horcuUs  (Miiller  . 

Gi'offraphic  (listnbuthn  of  f/enus. — The  whole  of  North  America  and 
South  America,  the  West  Indies,  Sandwich  Ishmds,  and  Gahipagfos 
Ishinds. 

TV        ,  .         ,11       1-1  2-2        3-3    „„ 

(renenc  characters. — Dental  formula:  J.  o  v.;  c, ,  , ;  pm,  <> .,;  >», ;.  .,=32; 

upper  incisor  in  contact  with  canine ;  a  minute  upper  [)remolar  at  base  of 
canine  on  inner  (lingual)  side;  dental  formula  otherwise  as  in  Ikisypiervs^ 
Kij<ticeiiis,ii\id  lihoyei'ssa ;  skull  (lijis.  28,  20,31)  broad,  short  and  deep, 
very  different  in  foim  from  that  of  any  other  North  American  genus 
of  VcsperiUion'ukc  except  lUtsyptetns;  car  (tig.  27)  broad,  blunt,  and 
loiimled  at  tip,  hairy  on  most  of  dorsal  surface;  dorsal  surface  of  iiitcr- 
fcmoral  mend)raiie  furred  nearly  to  extreme  edge;  mamma',  4. 

The  members  of  the  genus  Lasiurus  are  recognizable  among  North 
American  bats  by  their  thickly  furred  interfemoral  membranes.  Two 
distinct  species  are  known  to  occur  north  of  Panama;  one  of  these  is 
divisible  into  at  least  live  well  marked  geographic  races. 


KEY  TO  XOinil  AMERICAN  EOUMS  OK  I.ASHUIS. 

!<izt!  largo  (forearm  inoro  than  oOmm.) ciiieinis  ij).  112) 

.'^ize  small  (tbreiirm  3(1-14). 

Undtrsidc  of  wing  membrane  very  8i)ar8cly  haired  alonji  forearm.  »irj-icrt>i««  (p.  HI) 
Underside  of  wing  membrane  thickly  fnrretl  immediately  back  of  forearm. 

Ear  .small  anil  with  slightly  developed  external  basal  lobe teliotia  (p.  110) 

Ear  large  and  with  well-developeil  external  basal  lobe. 

Color  mahogany  brown acmiiiolKS  (j),  10!t) 

Color  varying  from  deep  rich  eherry  red  throngh  orange  and 
yellow  to  light  yellowish  gray. 

Color  deep  rich  eherry  red,  forearm  42-14 pfelfferi  (p.  110) 

Color  varying  from  yellowish  gray  to  light  red,  forejirm 
30-43 bormliH  (]•.  lO.'i) 


LASIURl'S  BOHEALLS  (Miiller).     Red  Bat. 

177(>.  1'e»2)eriilio  iijrealis  Miiller,  Natiirsyst.  Snppl.,  p.  21. 

1777.  rcHpertilio  iioreboracviisia  Er.Kleben,  Syat.  Regni  Anim.,  I,  p.  155. 

1781.  rexpertilio  lasiiinia  Schreber,  .Siingthierc,  Abth.  I,  Taf.  LXII  B  (pnblislhd  with 

Al>th.  I\   Heft  4.     .*<ee  Sherborn.  Proe.  Zool.  Soc.  London.  1891,  \).  58U). 

1785.  resperliVio  nurvhoraciis  Boildacrt.  Elenchns  Animalinm.  I,  p.  71. 

178,",  f'cxpfirtilio  lasnruH  Boddaert.  Eieni-hiis  Animalinm.  I,]).  71. 

17'JtJ,  resjwrtilio  nibcllu»  I'alisot  de  Beaiivois,  Catal.  reale'.>*  -Museum,  p.  204. 


lii 

III 


106  NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA. 

1814.  Atalapha   umericaiia    Ratiueaque,   I'rc^cia    des    dccouv.   soniiol.,    p.  12  (nomeu 

llll(llliu).' 

1815.  I'lapcrtilio  rubra  Ord,  (inthrie's  Geography,  2d  Atii.  ed..  11,  p.  201. 
1818.  I'eKpertilio  teKHclatnit  IfiittiiOHqiU'.  Ainericaii  Montbly  Ma^.,  Ill,  p.  445. 
1818.  renpirtilio  monncliiis  Kafiiipsqne.  Am.  Montlily  Miij;..  Ill,  ]).  445. 

1820.  J'eHpertilio  riijHii  Waideu.  Desciii»tiou  tlos  I^tats-Uiiis  do  I'AiiK^rifinc  Septentrio- 

nale,  V,  p.  tK)6. 

18fi3.  Lnsiitriis  norehoravetisis  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  X.  Am.  Hats.  p.  15. 

1870.  Liisiiiriinfinicbris  Fitziiifjer,  .SitziiiiKsber.  k.  Akad.  WisHeiisch.  Wien,  LXII,  p.  40. 

1878.  Aiuhipha  >iorebora<en8is  Dobson,  Catal.  Chiroptera  Brit.  Mtis.,  p.  269. 

18!W.  Atalapha  iiovvboracitigh  \\.  Allen.  Moiiogr.  I!at8  N.  Am.,  p.  142. 

1894.  Atalapha  burealia  Khoads,  Auiuricau  Naturalist,  XXVIII,  p.  523. 


Tifpe  localiU). — New  York. 

(jeoijrdphiv  distrihution. — The  typical  form  of  Lnsiurus  horealin  ranges 
through  the  Boreal,  Tran.sition,  and  Austral  zones  in  eastern  Xorth 
America  froni  Canada  to  Florida  and  Texas,  west  at  least  to  Iiulian 
Territory  and  Colorado.  Southern  and  western  limits  of  range  not 
known.    Probably  breeds  throughout  its  known  range. 

(ietwral  chaructern. — Size  small  (forearm,  38  to  43;  longest  linger,  78 

to  88);  forearm  with  no  distinct  tuft  of  fur 
near  proximal  end;  color  very  variable,  rang- 
ing from  bright  yellowish  led  or  fawn  color  to 
yellowish  gray;  a  whitish  area  in  front  of 
shoulder. 

Ears. — Theearsof  ty])ical  Lasiiiniit  borealis 
(fig.  21a)  when  laid  forward  reach  a  little 
more  than  halfway  from  angle  of  moutli  to 
nostril.  The  anterior  border  is  strongly  but 
irregularly  convex  from  free  point  of  anterior 
basal  lobe  to  tip,  a  distance  through  wliich  it  forms  almost  a  semicircle. 
The  posterior  border  is  slightly  concave  immediately  below  tip,  then 
evenly  convex  to  basal  lobe.  The  convex  portion  of  the  outline  of  the 
posterior  border  forujs  the  arc  of  a  circle  with  considerably  longer  radius 
than  that  of  the  anterior  b(U'der.  Posterior  basal  h)be  strongly  devel- 
oped and  deeply  iu)tched  on  anterior  border.  Inner  side  of  ear  naked 
excei)t  for  a  few  scattered  hairs,  whicii  are  esi)ecially  luimerous  along 
{Ulterior  and  posterior  borders.  Outer  side  densely  furred  throughout 
basal  two  thirds,  naked  at  tip. 

Tragus  triangular  in  general  outline.  AiJterior  border  straight  from 
base  to  slight  concavity  Just  below  tip;  posterior  border  straight  from 
tip  to  widest  point  (opi>osite  anterior  base),  where  there  is  a  .strong 
angle,  below  which  the  margin  is  straight  to  slightly  developed  ba.sal 
lobe. 


Fio.  27 Ear  of  (a)  T.a»iunts  bnrt 

alin  ami  (h)  L.  Mivtit  {  \2). 


■Rafinesiiue  says:  "J'ai  observe  cetto  espt'ce  [J.  siciila  Raf.J  en  Sicile, ellediU'iTo 
de  V Atalapha  amvricana  {  I'tupn'tilio  norcboracensii  Lin.),  autre espi'ce  du  nit-me  geure, 
par  ises  deu.\  premiers  et  sun  dernier  caracti-re." 


LASIURUS   nOREALlS. 


107 


Mtmhranen. — The  flight  ineinbranes  are  attached  at  base  of  toes,  the 
uropatagiiitii  at  extreme  tip  of  tail. 

Fert. — The  foot  is  small,  less  than  half  as  loiij,'  as  tibia.  Dorsal  sur- 
face of  toes  thickly  furred.  Calcar  about  twice  as  long  as  foot  and  con- 
siderably shorter  than  free  border  of  interfenioral  membrane.  It  is 
slightly  developed,  indistinctly  keeled,  and  seldom  lobed  at  tip. 

Fnr  atifl  color, — The  fur  is  everywhere  full  and  soft.  On  middle  of 
hack  it  is  about  7  mm.  in  length  and  on  neck  about  10  mm.  It  covers 
the  basal  two-thirds  of  dorsal  side  of  ear,  the  whole  dorsal  side  of  tiie 
interfemoral  menibrane,  and  the  dorsal  side  of  the  flight  membrane  to  a 
line  running  from  ankle  to  middle  of  humerus.  There  is  a  narrow  strip 
of  fur  running  along  basal  third  of  rtftU  metacarpal  and  a  sipnirish 
clump  at  base  of  thumb.  Near  base  of  forearm  (in  position  occupied 
by  strip  of  fur  in  L.  vinerem)  there  are  numerous  flne  scattered  hairs, 
which  are  so  inconspicuous  as  readily  t<>  escape  notice.  On  the  ventral 
surface  the  fur  reaches  about  to  middle  of  uropatagium  and  on  flight 
membranes  to  line  joining  knee  and  elbow.  Beyond  elbow  a  sparse 
growth  of  hairs  <;overing  an  area  10  mm.  or  more  in  width  extends 
along  forearm  to  bases  of  Angers,  where  it 
liecomes  much  more  dense.  The  ante- 
brachial membrane  is  covered  with  a  sparse 
coating  of  hairs  on  the  ventral  surface. 

In  color  typical  LasiHrnH  boreal  is  varies 
very  extensively,  but  never  shows  the  ma- 
hogany brown  of. st'»M/Hr>/H.vortlie  intense  red 
of  the  tropical  races.  Re<l  specimens  are  ru- 
fous red  throughout  (the  exact  shade  some- 
where between  rufous  and  burnt  sienna), 
p:iler  and  more  fawn-colored  on  the  belly,  the  hairs  of  the  back  usually 
>vith  distinct  grayish  tips,  those  on  the  throat  an<l  chest  tipped  w  ith 
wliitish.  A  yellowish  white  patch  in  front  of  each  shoulder.  Frefpiently 
the  white  on  chest  tends  to  connect  the  shoulder  patclu's  by  a  whitish 
collar.  The  individual  hairs  (Ui  the  back  arc  blackish  at  base,  then 
light  rufous  to  the  narrow  subapical  band  which  gives  the  characteris- 
tic color  to  the  back,  and,  finally,  grayish  white  at  extreme  t'\\)s.  (Iray 
specimens  are  yellowish  gray  on  the  back  and  but!y  on  the  belly.  The 
red  usually  persists  as  a  faint  salmon  suffusion. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  tyi)ical  rjoxiunis  borenlis  (figs.  28  ^f.  29 />)  has 
the  broad  rostrum  and  flaring  zygomata  of  L.  vinvn-HH.  The  dorsal 
profile  of  the  skull  is  neaily  straight  from  external  nares  to  highest 
point  of  occiput.  The  skull  of  an  adult  female  from  Washington,  D.C., 
measures:  (Ireutest  length,  13.8;  zygomatic  breadth,  10.2;  breadth  of 
rostrum  at  posterior  edge  of  large  premolar,  <»;  mandible,  10;  upper 
tooth  row,  5.4;  lower  tooth  row,  0.4. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  (flg.  'M)b)  are  large,  the  upper  molars  bnni^l  on  the 


Fio.  28.— Top  view  of  itkiill  of  (o)  LaH- 

iirim  IjiiTialix  nw\  Oil  /<.  telinthi     2). 


f 

iM  'I 

!:| 

|j 

i 

i 

• 
1 

'  I! 


-t 


108 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


inner  (lingual)  side,  und  the  lower  molars  wide  in  tiieir  transverse 
diameter. 

MeftHurementft. — 8ee  table,  page  115. 

S2)eehncnti ciamhwil. — Total  number. ^587,  from  the  loUowing localities: 

Alaluinm:  Mobile  Buy,  3;  Groensburo,  !l  (2  8kiii.s,  Mcrriani  cull.;. 

ArkiinsaM:  Fort  .Sniitli,  1. 

District  of  Col mnbia:  Washington,  20  (6  skiiis>. 

Florida:  Old  Town,  I  (skin,  Miller  coll.);  St.  Marys,  1. 

Gi'orKJa:  Riooboro,  s. 

Illinois:  Mount  Cannel,  1  (skin);  Olney.  3:  Warsaw.  2;  Wost  Nortbticld,  1 
(skin). 

Indian  Territory :  Hartsliornt',  I  (skin):  Redland.  3. 

Kansas:  Cedar  Vale,  1. 

Kentncky:  Iltckniau.  2. 

Louisiana:  Lafayotte,  1;  New  Orleans.  2;  Pineville,  1;  Shn-veport,  1. 

Massacbiisetts:  Nantucket,  1. 

Mississijipi :  Hancock  County,  I  (skin,  Miller  coll.);  Washinjjton,  10. 

Missouri:  Golden  City,  1 ;  Marble  Cave,  stone  County,  1. 

Now  York:  Greene,!;  Hartford,  1  (skin);  Oyster  Ma\,l  ^p';ini;  Sing  Sing,  St). 

North  t'arolina:  Fort  Macdu,  1  (skin);  Magnetic  City,  1  (.skin):  Roan  Moun- 
tain, I  (skin). 

Oklahoma:  I'onca,  2. 

Ontario:  North  Hay.  2  (Miller  coll.);  Toronto,  1  (skin). 

Penns,s"  .auia:  llainbridge,  1;  Carlis|(>,  1  (skin);  Kcnmtb  .^Siiuare,  Chestt-r 
County,  1. 

South  Caralina:  Mount  Pleasant  (near  Charleston),  7  (skins.  Miller  coll.) 

Tanmulipas:  Matanmras,  2. 

Tennessee:  Alexandria,  1;  Arlington,  2:  Big  ."^andy,  11;  Clarksville.  1 :  Dan- 
ville, 1. 

Texas:  Arthur,  3;  Hrownsville,  l.">8(3  8kius);  Clarksville,  1;  CoritnsCliristi.  2; 
Fort  Clark, 1;  Nueces  Hay,  I;  Paris,  3;  Waco.  1  (skin,  Miller  coll  );  Wichita 
Falls,  1. 

Virginia:  Amelia  Court-House,  1;  Ik-rryville,  1  (skin);  Dismal  S\v:im]i,  2; 
Gainesville,  1. 

Generaf  renxtrks. — Typical  Lnsiin-us  borenlh  presents  a  wide  rangii 
of  individual  variation,  but  may  always  be  distinguished  from  the 
other  8ubsi)ecies  by  fairly  constant  characters.  It  never  shows  the 
mahogany  brown  coloring  of  L.  horcnUs  sou  inohiit  and  seldom  approaches 
the  brilliant  cherry  red  of  L.  bo)U'ali.H  pfeitf'eri.  Front  L.  horealis  teliotis 
itdiflersin  its  larger  ear  with  well  developed,  strongly-notched  external 
basal  lobe. 

Specimens  from  Hrownsville.  Tex.,  where  the  :uiimal  breeds,  are 
.^slightly  smaller  than  tho.se  from  New  York,  and  the  ear  is  propor- 
tionally siiorter  (see  table  of  measurements,  p.  115).  lu  this  respect 
they  are  intermediate  between  true  horeaVm  and  ^Wjof/s,  though  the  ear 
is  formed  exactly  as  in  the  typical  subspecies.  Specimens  from  Okla- 
homa and  Indian  Territory,  on  the  other  hand,  are  iiidistinguisliable 
fiom  northeastern  specimens. 


LASlURr.S    BOREALIS    SEMINOLUS.  109 

LASIL'RUS  IJOHKALIS  .SEMINOLl'.S  (Klioads). 
l.Vtr>.  AlatapliK  Imrealii  ittuiu'ila  \i\ny.n\>.  I'lur.  AcinK  Niif.  8<'i.  Pliila.,  p.  32. 

7'//y>r  loraliti/. — Tarixni  Springs.  Fhi. 

(icnfirapltir  ih'.itiiht'tii>ii. — Lower  Austral  ami  Tropical  zones  trow 
Sniitli  Carolliia  to  sontii«Tii  Texas. 

(!i  iinal  chiirmierx. — In  .size  and  projMJrtioiis  similar  to  typieal  Lnsi- 
iints  hiirmlis:  general  color  inab<»fiaiiy  brown,  slightly  frosted  with 
yiayish. 

Kitrs,  membranes,  t't-et.  and  ili.strihution  of  fur. — In  all  external  char- 
acters except  «'oior  Laxirritfi  honnUs  seminoliis  agrees  with  typical 
liDrtdli.s. 

Cnhit: — General  ci»lnr  rii-li  niahojiany  brown  throughont,  the  back 
(especially  between  the  shonldeis;  slightly  frosted  with  gray  and  tiie 
throat  and  chest  varied  with  whitish.  A  distinct  whitish  area  in 
iVont  (if  .shoulder  as  in  true  honalix.  Muzzle,  backs  of  ears,  and  fur 
hiirdering  forearm,  yllowish  brown.  Clump  of  fui'  at  base  of  thumb 
Avhilish  {>r  yellowish.  <»n  middle  <if  back  the  fur  is  about  V2  mm.  in 
length.  In  tliis  region  the  colors  on  the  individual  iiairs  are  arranged 
in  four  bands  as  iVdlows:  I'asal  band  deep  blackish  i)linid)eous  (this 
liiiud  usually  broa«ler  than  in  trm-  l.oretilis),  middle  band  light  gray. 
si;bapical  band  rich  mahogany,  extieme  tij)  grayish  white. 

Color  variation  in  LonhtniH  hnrtnVtx  xeminnlus  is  much  less  than  in 
typit  al /y(ovrt//>,  and  is  ehieriy  noticeable  in  the  amount  of  red  in  the 
mahogany  brown,  in  the  amount  of  white  on  the  throat  and  chest,  and 
ill  the  shade  of  gray  in  the  broad  middle  band  on  the  hairs  of  the 
biick.     This  is  often  strongly  suflused  with  yellowish. 

Skull  and  teeth. — As  in  typical  lnnealis. 

Mrosnremtnts. — See  table,  page  115. 

Sperimeutf  examined. — Total  uund)er,  19.  from  the  following  localities: 

Iloii<l:i:  Old  Town.  3    >kius.  MilleJ  <oll.);  Lake  Harney,  2. 

(ieoi';;ia :  Nashville,  1. 

Lonisiana :  New  Orlean<«,  5. 

Mississippi:  Hay  St.  L«iiii«. S. 

South  C'aroliua:  Mount  I'leasant  i  near  Charleston),  4. 

Texas:  Brownsville.  1. 

(lenvral  rvmarkn. — 1.  •niiirnx  honalix  seminohis  appears  to  be  a  well- 
m  'd  sul>speeies  contine<l  to  the  Aiistroriparian  fauna.  The  single 
specimen  taken  at  Ilrownsville.  Texas  iNo.  oWltT^t,  IJ.  S.  National 
Museuiii)  As  as  killed  on  Septembers.  ISIU,  and  may  have  been  a  nugrant. 
No  intern)e<liates  between  mminolux  an<l  true  horculis  has  jet  come  to 
li,uht,  but  the  perfect  agreeaient  of  the  two  forms  in  all  charaters 
except  cglornmkes  me  unwilling  to  recognize  them  as  spicies.  The  pos- 
sibility that  Heminolux  and  true  hortaliy  are  dichromatic  phases  of  one 
species  lacks  weight  on  account  of  the  total  absence  of  intermediate 
specimens,  and  alsf>  from  the  fact  that  both  forms  have  not  yet  been 
found  breeding  at  any  one  locality. 


Si  ! ! 


•  Si 


110 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


LA8ILRL>  BOREALIS  PFEIFFERI  (Guiullacb). 


18H1.  Atalapha  pfiij/Teri  Oniidlac-b.  Moiiatsbt-r.  K.  Trenss  Akail.  Wi.ns.,  Berlin,  p.  152. 
1»7?<.  AUtlapliH  northoractn*i»  var.  (i  \  AUilaphii  pjeifferi)  Dobson,  (atul.  Cbiropteia 

Brit.  Mu8..  p.J71. 
1892.  Atalapha  uorthoruttmnia  jtfeifferi  (  liapmaii,  Bull.  Am.  Mns.  Nat.  Hist.,  IV,  p. 316. 

Type  locality. — <'iil»a. 

OeographJc  (VtHtribution. — Cuba.    .Taiunicnf    Bahnmnsf 

General  characters. — Slightly  larger  tlian  typical  Lasitirng  borealin, 
but  similar  in  proiiortions;  color  brighter  and  more  intense. 

Earn,  membratiettj  feet,  ami  ditttribution  of  fur. — As  in  the  typical 
subsj)ecie8. 

Color. — I  have  seen  no  skins  of  the  Cuban  red  bat,  and  am  therefore 
unable  to  give  a  detailed  description  of  the  animal's  color.  The  two 
specimens  collecte<l  by  Mr.  Chapman  in  1892  have  now  been  in  alcohol 
for  Ave  years.  Hence  their  color  furnishes  no  trustworthy  basis  for 
comparison  with  that  of  continental  material.  When  compared  with 
alcoholic  specimen.s  from  the  eastern  United  States  they  are  appreci- 
ably brighter. 

Measurement)!. — See  table,  page  11."). 

Specimens  craniinefl. — Two  from  Trinidad.  Cuba  (Am.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.). 

A  skull  from  Na.s.sau,  Bahama.><  (Miller  coll.),  and  an  imperfect  .'skin 
from  Spanish  town,  Jamaica,  may  be  referable  to  tiiis  race,  but  it  is  not 
l)0ssible  to  identify  them  with  certainty. 

General  remarkx. — LagiurtiK  bortaliHpfcifl'eri  is  a  tolerably  well-marked 
insular  form,  distinguisheil  from  typical  boreaUn  by  its  slightly  larger 
size  and  brighter  color. 

LA.^IUKLS  BOREALLS  TELIOTIS  (H.  Allen). 

1S91.  Atalaphit  lelioth  H.  AUen,  Proo.  Am.  Pbilos.  Soc..  XXIX,  p.  1. 
lf<93.  Atalapha  feUofm  \l.  Allen,  MonouT.  Bats  N.  Am.,  p.  153. 

Type  locality. — Unknown,  probably  some  part  of  California  (type  in 
U.  S.  National  Museum). 

Geographic  distribution. — This  ft)rm  is  known  from  a  few  localities  in 
California  and  Lower  California  from  the  head  of  the  Sacramento  Valley 
south  to  Comondu. 

General  characters. — Slightly  smaller  than  tjrpical  Laniurus  borealis; 
ear  proiwrtionally  much  shorter  than  in  the  typical  subspecies,  and 
with  external  basal  lobe  greatly  reduced  in  size;  color  averaging 
brighter  than  in  the  tyi>ical  form. 

Earn. — The  ear  (fig.  2'bj  is  similar  in  form  to  that  of  typical  bcrealin, 
except  that  the  tip  is  slightly  narrower  and  the  external  basal  lobe  is 
reduced  in  size,  indistinctly  marked  oft"  from  the  rest  of  the. ear,  and 
scarcely,  if  at  all,  notchecl  on  its  anterior  border. 

Membranes,  feet,  and  digtribution  of  fur. — The  external  form,  with  the 
exception  of  the  size  and  shai>e  of  ears,  is  as  in  true  borealis. 

Color. — I  have  seen  only  fr-r  skins  of  the  Californian  red  bat.    In 


LASIURUS    BOREALI8   MEXICANUS,* 


111 


Fia.  29.— Sitle  view  of  skull  )f 

((1)  Latitirnn  tdiotin  am\  {h) 
L.borcalis  (  ■  2). 


These  the  coU)r  is  unitbrnily  slightly  darker  and  redder  than  in  ordinary 
red  specimens  of  true  bonalis.  Tiie  diftereiice  is  especially  noticeable 
oa  the  intert'euioral  membrane,  rump,  and  lumbar  region.  One  skin 
(  ?  )  from  Dulzura,  Cal.,  almost  lacks  the  grayish  tips  to  the  hairs  on 
the  back.  Another  (alsn  j  )  taken  at  the  same  place  on  the  same  day 
Novembe"  5,  1891)  shows  the  gray  tips  very 
distinctly  on  tbe  neck  and  fore  part  of  the  back. 

.SAm//. — The  skull  of  LnH'mrux  borealis  teliotin 
(figs.  L'8ft.  L'9rt)  IS  distinguishable  from  thatof  typ 
ical  bonalis  by  its  smaller  size,  narrower  rostrum, 
and  less  Haring  zygomata.  That  of  an  adult 
maie  fnmi  Dulzura,  <'al.,  measures:  Greatest 
length.  12.4;  zygomatic  breadth,  0;  breadth  of 
rostrum  at  posterior  edee  of  large  premolar,  5.2; 
upi»er  tooth  row,  4M.  The  mandible  of  this  spec- 
imen is  lost.  That  ot  another  adult  male  from 
the  same  locality  measures:  Length,  (»;  lower 
to«Jth  row,  r>.4. 

Tee///.— The  teeth  are  smaller  than  in  the  typ- 
ical subspecies,  the  ui)per  molars  are  narrower  on  the  inner  (lingual) 
side,  and  the  mandibular  teeth  are  narrower  in  their  transverse  diam- 
eter (fig.  30 <M 

MftiKuremtntft. — See  table.  i)age  115. 

HinciiiunH  ejamineil. — Total  number,  10,  from  the  following  localities: 

California:    Exact   locality   unknown,    1  (tjiie);    Hakerslield,  1;   Berryessa. 

Santa  Clara  County.  1  (skin);  Dnl/iira,  2  (skins,  Miller  coll.);  rresno,  1; 

Santa  Ysalxl,  San  IJii-go  Connty.  1;  Tt-liania,  1;  Three  Rivers,  1. 
Lower  California:  Cumouilu,  1  iiskin). 

General  rcmarkn. — lAisiuriin  bore- 
f//j«/W/o^'.visreadilydistin}j;uishable 
from  typical  borealis  hy  its  smaller 
ear,  with  less  develoi>e«i  and  entire 
external  basal  lobe,  smnller  skull, 
with  narrower  rostrum,  and  weaker 
dentition.  From  A.  borealis  me.vi- 
caniiH  it  differs  in  c<)m])letely  furred 
dorsum  of  iuterfeworal  membrane  and  more  hairy  under  side  of  wing. 


c^d^^^  :^ji^:-:^ 


Fig.  30.— Teeth  of  (n)  Latiuru$  teliotu  &nA  (6)  L 
borralig  (x5(. 


LASIURl'S  HOREALIS  MEXICAXL'S  (Sanssnre). 

l"^!.  Jtalapha  mexicana  Siinssiire,  Revue  et  Mag.  de  Zool.,  2e  sor.,  XIII,  p.  97,  .Mnrs., 

1861  (sontbern  Mexico). 
1871.  Alalapha  fiaiitzii  Peters,  Mouatslter.  K.  Prenss.  Akail.  Wiss.,  Berlin  (1870),  p_ 

908,  1871  (Costa  Rica). 
187''.  Atalapha  norehoracensis  var.  a   (Alalapha  frantiii)   Dobson,  Catal.  Cliiropfera 

Brit.  Mns.,  p.  271. 

Tjipe  locality. — Xot  stated,  but  without  doubt  in  some  one  of  the 
States  of  southern  Mexico,  probably  Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  or  Oaxaca. 


* 


i  l» 


III 
m 


i:^ 


112 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


(k-oyraphic  (liHtrihiifioii. — Centnil  America  and  soiitlnTn  Mexico. 
Limits  of  raii^e  miknown. 

iivuvrtil  clKitacters, — Apparently  most  like  LasinriiH  horealix  tfli<t1is, 
but  feet,  interfemoral  membrane,  and  under  side  of  wings  much  less 
liniiy. 

Eiir.s. —  In  dried  specimens  the  ears  appear  to  be  essentially  as  in 
L.  honuilis  teliodn,  though  the  exteriml  basal  lobe  may  be  slightly  more 
developed. 

Membra nen  und  feet. — These  show  no  distinctive  clisiracters. 

Fur  and  color. — On  the  body  the  I'nr  shows  no  peculiarities  as  com- 
pared with  the  other  subspecies.  On  the  interfemoral  niembranc  it 
extends  thickly  to  about  the  middle,  then  becomes  nutre  sparse,  aiul 
linally  disappears,  leaving  the  edge  «>f  the  membrane  bare.  The  backs 
of  the  feet  are  scarcely  furred.  On  the  under  side  of  the  wings,  the 
area  behind  the  forearm  which  is  densely  fnrred  in  the  other  sub 
species,  is  merely  sprinkled  with  inc<mspicuons  hairs;  these  arc.  how- 
ever, more  dense  at  the  bases  of  the  lingers.  The  antebrachial  mem- 
brane is  also  very  sparsely  furred. 

Color  as  in  L.  borealis  teliotin. 

Mt'iLsiirciin'iits. — See  table,  page  115. 

SjKriniens  examined. — Total  number.  8,  from  the  following  localities: 


Jalisco : 


-,  15. 


Teliniuitepet':  (juichioovi,  1  (akin;. 

Vera  Cruz:  rcmicla  (near  Cordova),  1  (skin). 

General  remarks. — From  the  unsatisfactory  nmterial  at  my  disposal  it 
ai)pears  t'! at //««/«»•»«  horealis  me.vhanns  is  a  well-marked  race,  most 
like  teliotiH,  but  differing  fro:.,  ihis,  as  well  as  from  all  the  other  known 
subspecies,  m  the  restricted  peripheral  distribution  of  the  fur, 

LAt<lUKUS  ClXERliUS  (Beanvois).     Hoiiry  bat. 

1790.   VeapvrtHio  lineretts  Pjilisot  do  Heanvois,  Catal.  Pealo's  Mnseum,  Fhiladelpliia, 

p.  14.    (Obvious  raixpriut  lor  cinereiia.) 
1823.    I'espertiUo  pniinosiiv  Say,  Long's  Kxped.  to  Rocky  Mt8.,  I,  \),  167  (footnote). 
18G4.  Lasiurus  cineieiis  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  N.  ^^m.  Bats,  p.  21. 
1878.  Aliilapha  citurca  Dobson,  Catal.  Chiroptera  Brit.  Mas.,  p.  272. 
1893.  JIahipha  ciufrea  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  Bats  N.  Am.,  p.  ir>5. 

Type  loealitif. — Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

(ieoffraphie  distribution. — Boreal  North  America  from  Atlantic  to 
Pacitic.  The  hoary  bat  breeds  within  the  Boreal  zone,  but  in  autumn 
and  winter  it  migrates  .south  to  the  southern  border  of  the  United  States 
and  probably  much  farther. 

General  eharaeters. — Size,  large  (forearm,  over  .')Omm.);  prevailing 
color,  gray;  ears  with  black  rims;  forearm  with  distinct  patch  of  fur 
uear  base. 

Earn. — The  ears  of  Lasiurus  einereus  are  in  general  similar  to  those 
of  fj.  borealis,  but  are  broader  in  proportion  to  their  length  (see  table  of 
measuremeuts,  p.  115).    The  external  basal  lobe  is  less  developed  thau 


LASIiriiUH    CINEKKl'S. 


113 


ill  horealiH  and  without  trace  of  iiotcb  on  anterior  border.  Margin  of 
ear  ineuibrane  dark  brown  or  bhickisb.  Outer  side  of  ear  densely  furred 
to  a  little  beyond  middle.  Inner  side  witli  eonspieuous  patch  of  yellow- 
ish hairs  above  and  in  front  of  middle  and  a  border  of  similar  hairs  along 
lower  part  of  anterior  edge. 

Tragus  shaped  as  in  L.  boreatis,  covered  with  sparse  coating  of  hairs 
on  outer  side. 

Membranes. — In  form  and  attachment  the  membranes  are  as  in  L, 
borealis. 

Feet. — Foot  about  half  as  long  as  tibia;  dorsal  side  thickly  furred. 
Calcar  twice  as  long  as  foot  and  slightly  shorter  than  free  border  of 
interfemoral  membrane,  it  is  distinctly  though  narrowly  keeled  on 
posterior  edge,  and  usually  lobed  at  tip.  The  terminal  lobe  is  very 
variable,  and  may  be  well  developed  ou 
one  side  and  absent  ou  the  other. 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  is  distributed 
much  as  in  L.  borealiH.  As  in  that  species, 
it  is  distinctly  longer  on  neck  than  on  back, 
thus  forming  a  ruff.  On  the  neck  it  aver- 
ages about  15  mm.  in  length,  on  the  back 
11  mm.  General  color,  a  mixture  of  light 
yellowish  brown,  deep  umber  brown,  and 
white,  the  yellowish  brown  clear  and  un- 
mixed on  throat,  head,  and  under  side  of 
membranes,  the  umber  brown  predominat- 
ing on  back  and  dorsal  surface  of  interfem- 
oral membrane,  where,  however,  the  hairs 
are  mostly  tipped  with  silvery  white,  some- 
times to  so  great  an  extent  as  nearly  to 
conceal  the  dark  tints  beneath.  Lips, 
chin,  and  cheeks  sprinkled  with  short  blackish  hairs.  Ventral  surface 
with  white  predominating  on  belly,  between  whi<;h  and  yellow  of  throat 
is  a  band  iu  which  the  umber  brown  is  more  conspicuous  than  else- 
where on  the  under  parts.  Tufts  of  fur  at  bases  of  thumb,  fifth  finger, 
and  forearm,  light  yellowish  brown,  like  fur  ou  under  side  of  wing 
membranes.  On  middle  of  back  the  individual  hairs  are  colored  lis 
follows:  Deep  plumbeous  at  base;  light  yellowish  brown  (shiuling 
toward  amber  distally)  through  middle  half;  umber  brown  subapically; 
silvery  white  at  tip. 

Color  variation  is  considerable,  but  never  enough  to  obscure  the  char- 
acters of  the  species.  It  appears  to  be  wholly  indei)eudeut  of  locality, 
as  skins  from  such  widely  separated  localities  as  Minnesota  and  south- 
ern California  are  practically  indistinguishable. 

One  skin  from  the  Sautee  Kiver,  South  Carolina,  has  the  dusky  tiuts 
throughout  the  pelage  so  intensified  and  extended  as  Xm  suggest  melan- 
2772— No.  13 8 


Fio.  31.— Sknll  of  Ltuiuru*  einereui 

(X2). 


I  ;• 


lUi!!! 


tin 


5S 


\n 


I  I 


i 


114 


NORTH    AMKRICAN    FAUNA. 


Fl<».  32.— Teeth  of  LaMiirtit  einereut  ( 


iHiD.   Aiiother  from  Euruka,  (>allt'oruiu,  is  iu  a  Himilar  phase,  tUuugk 
not  so  extreme. 

Nkull. — The  skull  (tij;.  .U)  rcseinblcH  that  of  Ihtnyptn-HH  ittUnnediuH 
and  iMxiurns  boreulin,  but  is  jntei-nii'<liate  between  the  two  in  size.  Tlie 
rostrum  is  broail  and  sliort  and  the  /yjrouiatic  arches  broadly  tiarin^. 
The  skull  of  an  adult  fennile  from  Santa  Ysabel,  California,  measures: 
GreatestJength,  10.4 ;  zyj^oniatic  breadth,  12 ;  breadth  of  rostrum  at  ik)s- 
terior  border  of  larjre  premohir,  S;  mandible,  12.<i;  upper  to  ithrow,  (J.4; 
lower-tooth    row,  8.    Tliat  of  an  adult  female  from   Fort  Snellin;,', 

Minnesota,  measures: 
Greatest  length,  17; 
zygomatic  breivdth,  12; 
breadth  of  rostrum  at 
posterior  edge  of  large 
premolar,  S;  mandible, 
I'iA'f.  upi>er-tooth  row, 
7;  lower-tooth  row,  8. 

Teeth.— The  teeth  of 
Lashiruti  vincreiiH  (fig. 
32)  are  large  and  strong,  but  the  minute  upper  premolar  is  proportion- 
ally smaller  than  iu  L.  borcalin. 

Measurements. — See  table,  page  115. 

Sj)ecimeHs  examined. — Total  number,  5(),  from  the  following  localities: 

Alaliaiua:  Mobile  JSay,  1. 

AUtertii:  Ei;iht  miles  NW.  of  Red  Deor,  1  (akiu,  Miller  coll.K 

Arizona:  T)<ni])e,  Maricopa  Coiint.s ,  1. 

Calit'ornia:  Horryessa,  Santa  f'Jara  County,  1 ;  Clovenlale.  1;  Knreka,  1  (skin); 

Kern  Kiver,  1;  Mouterej,  1;   Nicasio,  1:   Panamint  Muuutains,  l';   Santa 

Ysabel,  1  (skin). 
C'liiluiahtia.-  San  Luis  Moiiutains,  I. 
Colorado:  Larimer  County,  3  (skiu.n,  Miller  coll.). 
District  of  Columbia :  Washington,  1. 
Georgia:  Savannah  Kiver,  1. 
Illinois:  Warsaw,  1. 

Kansas:  Jjittle  Bhm  Kiver,  1;  North  Falls,  1. 
Louisiana:  I'inuville,  1. 
Maryland:  Laurel.  1. 

Massachusetts:  North  Truro,  (i  (skins.  Miller  coll.). 
Minnesota:  Fort  Snclling,  1. 

Nebraska:  Fort  Pierre,  1;  Fort  Union,  2;  Loni>  F<uk,  1. 
Nevada:  Vegas  Valley,  1. 

New  Mexico:  Dog  Spring,  (Jrsiut  County.  2;  Dona  Ana,  1. 
New  York:  Westvillc,  Long  Island,  1;  Locust  Grove,  4. 
Nova  Scotia:  Halifax.  1. 
Tamaulipas:  Matanioras,  1. 
Texas:  Brownsville,  t)  (I  skin,  Miller  coll.). 
Washington:  Almota,  1;  Fort  Walla  Walla,  1. 


DASYl'TKIU'S. 


115 


Jreruijt  »na''Hni>Dnl»  <»/  \orlli  .Imerii-an  fovmn  of  l.ttnuiuii. 


Niinif. 


bnrealil . 


teminolut . 


I'/eiferi  ... 
ttliolU 


inmeiinut  . 
eintreui 


I^M-iillty. 


Ontario :  Xorl  k  Hay 

New  York :  Siiij;  Sing  . . . . 

IJiHirict  of  ( '  o  I II  III  li  i  II  : 

I      Wiutliinctiiu. 

MiKAimtippi:  \Vii.tliiii^ti)ii. 

TexiiK :  llr<»«  iiHvillu 

'  S«iitli  Carolinii:  Cliarlt-M- 
I 

tun. 

Florida:  I^<kv  iiariiry 

Miitiiiy»ip]ii:  Hay  St.  I,«ui.'< 

Ti-IiiM:  l!r<iwiis\  ille 

Cuba:  '1  riiii<lii>l 

Caliruruia :   .'  ( I  y  jie) 

Tlirw  KiviTH.. 

Tl'llHIIIil 

I'ulil'lHtit'llI    . . . 

JuliM-ii 

Xi-w  Yorit;  LimiihI  (imvi'. 

California:  l':iuaiiiiiit  Mt8 
rloveriliili'. .  . . 

Moiilt-n  y    

Kmi  llivpr... 


%l       I 


ft       -? 


I 


III 

10 

•1  r,f 

1.^ 

■ij  ' 
1 

1  f 
1  ■" 

I  .' 

li 

I 

I  ' 

I 
\d 


^ 


1       I 

9        — 


lOfl     47.  r.  l».  5  7.  -J  39      0.  7 
no.  4  50.!»|ll).0   7,8|30.  7    7 
I0:i     47.  .•.  10. '.'   7. 4  38. 5   0. 3 


I05.fl4!».  I  HI. -J    7.  140.1    7.3 
10H.ii,V2,  7  IH.6    7.0  40.  «   0.4 


lUO     4)1      10       0.9 


97. 
104. 
ll.l 
100. 

90 
107 
100 

it:i. 
::i4. 

130 
130 
138 
140 


3  50 

54 

5  50. 

47 
57 
'4'i 
3  ,"i7 
5.17. 
5«l. 
52 

:u 

58 


19.3   7 
19.3   7.6 
•JO       0 


40       7 

40       7 
40.2   7.4 
42     '  7 


:•  21.  H 
.  21) 


7     44 

li.  0  39 
....  H  37 
20  M  39 
111.  0  8.0  40 
20.2  «.  141.2;  7.4 
23.2'lO     50.2il0.6 


0.8 

7 

0.0 

fl.4 

7 


a      s 


a 


U3 


7'.i..'.  11.8|11.4  8.5 

81.711.911  7 

79.3  11.210.1  6.5 

80.4  11.8  10.1  0.7 
82.8  10.5,  9.8  «.  I 
81      12.7!l0.7  6.9 


79 

83 
87 


11.3 

12 

12.6 


89.  .•>  12. 5 
79       9 
74       9.8 
82       9. 4 
70      10 
80.513 
107      18 


5  23.  fi    9 

23  10 

24  il 
23       9 


54  jio  ; 

46  10. 4 

.55  10 

51  10 


109 
101 

110 
103 


17.5 
17 
17 
18 


10  6. 5 

11  0.5 
11.4  7 
10.7   6.8 

7.6  .'■..4 

9.8  0.4 

9.6  6 

9    j6 
10.2  6.5 
17.2  9.5 
17.7  9 

15  I  » 

16  I  9 
17.6  9 


Genus  DASYPTERUS  Peters. 

1864.  Lasiuriie  H.  Alleu,  Mono>;r.  N.  Am.  lints,  )>.  2't  (purt). 

1S71.  Diiitypteriia  Peters,  Moiiatslier.  K.  Akiid.  Wiss.,  Berliu  (1870),  p.  912  (HiibueniiH). 

MX.  .Italuplia  Dolmoti,  Catal.  C'hiropteru  lUit.  Miih.,  p.  2ti7.     (Part — iiot  .itulapha 

Kaiiue.siiiic,  1814.) 
lsi)3.  hasiiptenia  II.  Allen.  Moiioo;r.  Biitn  N.  Aui.,  p.  I.'i7  (^enus). 

Tffpe  specietf. —  Du^^ijpU'niH  internwliits  H.  Allen. 

Gcotfraphiv  (figirihution  of  type  .sjK'vien. — Cxiilt'  States  iiiid  nurtheu.stem 
Mexico. 

(itographic  distribution  of  jieiitm. — The  range  of  the  geiiu.s  is  the  same 
as  that  of  the  only  known  species. 

Generic  eharacterif. — Dental  t'ornmla: 

.   1-1         i_i  i_i  3_3 

''3-.V  'M-l?  i^'"'2-li5  ^"'333='*"' 
upper  incisor  in  contact  with  canine;  skull  (tig.  3;»)  ea.sily  distinguish 
able  from  that  of  any  other  American  genus  of  VexpertHionid<v,  e.vcept 
LdHiurus,  by  its  extreme  shortness,  depth,  and  breadth;  ear  consider- 
ably higher  than  broail,  somewhat  tapering  at  tip,  naked  on  lialf  of 
dorsal  surface;  dorsal  surface  of  intertiemoral  membrane  furred  on 
ba.sal  balf  only ;  mamuiic,  ■i. 


f 


fjl! 


f 


m    i ; ' 


i. 


116 


NOKTIi    AMKKU'AN    FAUNA. 


(ieneral  remarkn.—Yf  ithout  seeing  the  South  Ainericttii  Hpecies  orig- 
inally »8«o«iated  with  7>.  hitermeiUuM  by  TeteiH,  it  is  imposnible  to 
determine  whether  theHe  belong  in  the  gunuH  »n  now  understood. 

l)A8YlTKKirs  INTERMKDIIIS  II.  Allen. 

1«6H.  iMtitirna  inUrmedim  II.  Allen,  I'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  Soi.  I'liilii.  ( IWKi),  p.  I4tt. 

IWkI.  l.a»iiirHM  hitermKUiiM  H.  Allen,  Mono^r.  N.  A.  Hats,  p.  2.%. 

1878.  Alitlapha  inUnimUa  Dolmon,  Catal.  ChiropU-ra  Mrlt.  Muh.,  p.  'SIX. 

1898.  IhiHtipleruH  intermediuH  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  Mutn  N.  Am.,  i>.  137. 

Type  ^*m/i/i/.— Matunionis,  Taniauliptts,  Mexico. 
Geographic  tliHtnhiition.—GnU  States  and  northeastern  Me.xico. 
Gencrnl  vharacterH.—^'v/.e^  large  (tbrearni,  45-r>(i);  color,  light  brown. 
fc'a>-/».— The  ears  are  short,  reaching  barely  to  nostril  when  laid  for- 
ward. The  dorsal  surface  is  densely  furred  on  basal  half,  but  other- 
wise the  ear  is  naked  except  for  a  sprink- 
ling of  hairs  on  inner  side,  especially  along 
anterior  edge.  Beginning  at  lower  edge 
of  basal  lobe  the  anterior  margin  is  Hrst 
strongly  convex,  then  nearly  straight  for 
a  distance  of  about  G  mm.,  then  abruptly 
conveji:  (or  even  angular),  after  which  it 
continues  nearly  straight  to  narrowly 
rounded  ofl'  tii».  Posterior  bor<  r  slightly 
concave  immediately  below  ip,  then 
gently  and  evenly  convex  to  notch  above 
posterior  basal  lobe.  Posterior  basal 
lobe  well  developed,  slightly  notched  on 
lower  side,  and  joining  face  about  5  mm. 
behind  angle  of  mouth. 

Tragus  blunt  and  bent  forward,  antori<u' 
border  nearly  straight  to  slight  concavity 
just  below  tip.  Posterior  border  convex 
immediately  below  tip,  then  straight  to  point  opposite  anterior  base. 
Here  a  sharp  angle  is  formed,  below  which  the  margin  is  irregularly 
crenulated  to  base. 

Feet. — The  foot  is  moderate  in  size,  a  little  less  than  half  as  long  as 
tibia.  Calcar  slightly  shorter  than  tibia,  very  indistinctly  keeled  and 
terminating  obscurely  or  in  an  ill-defined  lobe. 

Membranes. — Membr<ane8  thick  and  leathery.  Wing  membrane  at- 
tached at  base  of  toes,  uropatagium  near  tip  of  last  caudal  vertebra. 
Free  border  of  uropatagium  slightly  longer  than  calcar. 

Ftir  and  color. — The  fur  is  full  and  soft.  On  the  middle  of  the  back 
it  is  about  12  mm.  in  length.  The  fur  of  the  back  extends  on  basal  half 
of  outer  side  of  ear,  basal  half  of  dorsal  surface  of  interfemoral  mem- 
brane, and  base  of  wing  membranes.  On  the  latter  it  occupies  a  strip 
about  10  mm.  in  width.    There  is  a  slight  tuft  of  hair  at  the  base  of  the 


Flo.  33.— Skull  of  Vasfiplertii  intertm'- 
diuit  (X2,) 


DASYPTERITS   INTERMEDIIIS. 


117 


tliiiiiil),  and  ill  iiiuiiy  HpeciiiuMiM  ix  faintly  iiHli<-ikt<Ml  tiitt  near  ]»roxiinal 
end  of  foi-iMiiiii.  On  the  ventral  nurfac^  tlie  fur  barely  remdieH  the 
nropntagium  e.\ce])t  aloni;  the  \m»ii\  fourth  of  tail.  A  thin  contiii);  of 
fur  oecu|)ies  the  under  Hide  of  the  wing  membrane  to  a  line  Joining 
olbow  and  knee.  Ileyoud  this  it  e.xtendH  in  a  Htrip  about  10  mm.  wide 
along  i)osterior  edge  of  forearm  to  bases  of  lingers.  The  greater  i>art 
of  the  propatagiiim  is  thinly  furred. 

Color  light  yellowish  brown  of  variable  shade,  the  hairs  throughout 
the  IxMly  with  narrow  dark  itlumbeous  bases  and  those  of  the  back 
with  faintly  dusky  tips.  The  general  eti'eet  is  suggestive  of  the  color 
of  VipiHirelluH  nuhflanin. 

Skull  ami  teeth.— The  skull  (fig.  3.J)  and  teeth  (flg.  34)  have  been  siif- 
liciently  described  under  generic  characters.    The  skull  of  an  ailult 


Fio.  IM.— Teeth  of  Daitf/pteruB  inlermedUu  ( x B). 

feniiile  from  Brownsville,  Tex.  (No.  52.')40,  U.  H.  National  Maaenin), 
measures:  Greatest  length,  19.6;  /j'gomatit;  breadth,  l.j;  breadth  of 
rostrum  fit  iK)8terior  edge  of  premolar, !»;  mandible,  15;  upper  tooth 
row,  8;  lower  tooth  row,  9.  The  skull  of  an  adult  male  from  Houma, 
La.,  measures:  Greatest  length,  18;  zygomatic  breadth,  13;  breiulth 
of  rostrum  at  ijosterior  edge  of  premolar,  8;  mandible,  14;  upper  tooth 
row,  7 ;  lower  tooth  row,  8.6. 

MeuHurementH. — Average  measurements  of  18  specimens  of  Dasypte- 
riis  intermedivH  from  five  localities  are  given  in  the  following  table: 

Average  measuremeulu  of  18  specimens  of  Dasyptcrus  intermedius  from  5  localitits. 


Locality. 

li 

i 

a 
"3 

1 

Tail  vertebra;. 

1 

H 

24.9 

20 
18.0 
20 
18 

1 

s> 

1 

a 

u 

S 

§   X 

1 

1 

8 

« 

Tovas*  lirowiiflville       ......... 

109? 

29? 

3 

Id" 

145 

126.5 

130 

127 

120 

S5.9 
52 
61 
63.5 

54 

10 
8.7 
9 
9 
8 

65 

48 

46 

4.5.5 

47 

8.0 

7 

6 

HI 
96 
95.5 

18.8 
18.5 
18 

14.4 
15.5 
15 

8.8 

Loiiifliana*  Tjafavette    ......... 

9  3 

Hoiiiiia  .       ........ 

9  4 

Florida  •  Old  Town 

Mullet  Lake 

7 

95 

17 

14 

8 

;(;;: 


m 


;:  I  i 


ii  Hill 


I 


118 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


iipevimcnHvxnminetl. — Total  iimrber  7li,  from  the  following  localities: 

Flori'la:  1  )iivenpoit,  1  (skin);  Mullet  Lnke,  1;  Old  Town,  3. 

Louisiana:  liafayctte,  2;  Ilouiiia,  2  (1  Hkin). 

Mississijipi :  Haiicotk  County,  1  (skin). 

Taniaulipas:  Matanioras,  3  (2  skolctons). 

Texas:  Brownsville,  57  (2  skins);  Padre  Island,  1;  Cameron  County,  1. 

(icneral  remarlft. — Aside  from  its  generic  characters  Dasypterua 
/Mter»MCf7/M»  is  distinguishable  among  North  American  bats  by  its  large 
size,  small  ears,  and  yellovish  brown  color. 

Specimens  from  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Florida  average  dis- 
tinctly smaller  than  those  from  lirownsville,  Tex.  (which  are  essen- 
tially topotypes).  More  extensive  material  than  that  now  available 
may  show  the  necessity  of  recognizing  two  subspecies,  a  larger  Tamau- 
lipan  (typical)  form,  and  a  smaller  Austroriparian  form. 

Genus  NYCTICEIUS  Rafinesque. 

1819.  Xycticeiiig  Rafinesque,  Journ.  do  Physique,  LXXXVIII,  .Tunc,  1819,  p.  417. 

1827.  Xyt'iiceiis  Lesson,  Man.  de  >Iannn.,  p.  98. 

1827.  Xyrticrjua  Teinniinck,  Mouoj^rapliies  do  Mamm.,  1,  p.  xviii. 

1830.  KycHceyjr  Wagler,  Natiirl.  System  dcr  Ampbihieu.  p.  13. 

1831.  XjicUcea  Le  Conte,  McMurtrie's  Cuvier,  Animal  Kingdom,  p.  432. 
1864.  Nycticejiia  IL  Allen,  Jlonogr.  N.  Am.  Bats,  p.  11. 

1878.  Nyvticcjua  Dobson,  ("atal.  t'biroptera  Brit.  Mns.,  p.  266. 
1893.  KycUcejm  H.  Allen,  Monogr.  Bats  N.  Am.,  p.  131. 

Type  specien. — Xyeticeivs  humeralis  Eafinesque. 

Oeoyraphie  (lisirilmiion  of  type  species. — Austral  zones  in  the  Eastern 
United  States. 

Oeoyraphie  distribution  of  genus. — Austral  zones  in  the  Eastern  United 
States.    Cuba. 

Oenerie  characters. — Dental  formula; 

.     1-1         1-1  1-1        3--3      _ 

''    8-3'  ^^  1-1'  ^'"'  2-2'  ^^^'S-S  ~      ' 
upper  incisor  distinctly  separated  from  canine;  lower  incisors  scarcely 
crowded;  outer  lower  incisor  tricuspidate  and  not  smaller  than  others; 
skull  low  and  narrow ;  uropatagium  furred  at  extreme  base  only ;  tragus 
blunt  and  bent  forward;  tip  of  tail  free  trom  membrane;  mamma',  2. 

The  genus  Nycticeius  as  thus  defined  is  peculiar  to  America,  where  it 
is  represented  by  one  species.  It  dift'ers  in  dental  formula  from  all 
other  genera  of  American  VespertiHonida'  excei)t  Dasypterus  and 
lihoye'cssn.  From  the  former  it  is  distinguishable  by  its  differently 
shaped  skull,  wide  space  between  upper  incisor  and  canine,  and  essen 
tially  naked  uropatagium.  From  lihoyecHsa,  it  is  separated  by  details 
in  the  structure  of  teeth  and  skull,  as  well  as  by  external  characters. 

NVCTICEIl'S  HITMERALLS  Rafine8<iue.     Ratiuesque's  Bat. 

1818.  t'emterlilio  Innneralis  Ralinosqne,  American  Monthly  Mag.,  Ill,  p.  44.'). 

1819.  Nyrticeiiix  hiimeraJix  Ralluesqne,  Jotirn.  do  Pbysioue,  LXXXVIII,  p.  417. 
1831.  Nycti':ea  viejmHCiilaria  Le  t'onte,  McMurtrie's  Cuvier,  Animal  Kingdom.  I, p. 432. 


NYCTICKI118    IIIMKRALIS 


119 


18t»4.  XticticejHx  vri'iiiiHcularix  II.  Allen,  Moiiiigi .  N.  Am.  Hats,  i».  11. 

187H.  Ntjclivfjna  eirpimcularh  DobHOii,  Catal.  Cliiroptora  IJrit.  Mus.,  ]).  2(56. 

18!tl.  lyiicticeJHn  hiimeralxH  Thonms.  Ann.  *  .Mas;.  Nat.  Hist.,  fith  ncr.,  VII.  p. i»28. 

IH93.  XjiclicejuH  liiimcraliH  11.  Alien,  Monogr.  IJiits,  N.  Ain.,  p.  132. 

Tfipe  locality. — Kentucky. 

(ieof/rapitic  distribution. — Austral  /ones  in  the  eastern  ITnited  States 
west  to  Arkansas  and  southern  Texas. 

(ietieral  characters. — Size,  mediuni  (total  length,  88  to  95;  forearm, 
34  to  .{8);  color,  dull  browni.sh,  slightly  paler  benctit'K 

Harn. — The  ears  are  small  and  for  their  ■•ize  remarkably  thick  and 
leathery.  They  arc  naked  throughout  except  at  extreme  base  above. 
Lower  anterior  half  of  inner  suf-face  with  a  few  sliort  scattered  hairs. 
Anterior  border  strongly  convex  immediately  above  small  but  dis- 
tinct anterior  basal  lobe,  then  very  slightly 
convex  to  narrowly  rounded  oft"  tip.  Poste- 
rior border  gently  concave  from  immediately 
below  tip  to  a  little  below  middle,  tlui  con 
vex  to  slightly  developed  external  bas-ii  lobe. 

Tragus  short,  broad,  and  blunt,  bent  slightly 
forward;  posterior  base  with  distinct  lobule. 

Membranes. — The  membranes,  like  the  ears, 
are  thick  sind  leathery.  Wing  membranes  at- 
tached at  base  of  toes,  uropatagium  at  middle 
of  terminal  caudal  vertebra. 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  is  sparse  and  short, 
that   ou  middle  of   back   averaging   about  0 
mm.  in  length.    It  is  closely  confined  to  the 
body,  barely  reaching  extreme  base  of  uropatagium  and  flight  mem- 
branes. 

Color  duU  umber  brown  above,  paler  below,  the  fur  everywhere 
l>lumbeoas  at  extreme  base,  but  the  dark  basal  color  less  well  deflned 
than  in  other  8i>ecies  with  which  Ni/cticeins  is  found  associated.  Tlie 
exact  shade  va.ies  slightly,  but  is  usually  burnt  umber  or  mummy 
brown  on  the  back  and  raw  umber  or  hair  brown  on  the  belly.  One 
skin  from  Hickmnn  County,  Tenn.  (No.  ;50(»37,  U.  S.  National  Museum), 
is  dark  sepia  above,  broccoli  brown  below. 

Skull. — The  skull  (t»g.  3o)  is  short,  broad,  and  low.  That  of  an  adult 
female  from  Sans  Souci,  N.  C.  ( Xo.  43037,  U.  S.  National  Museum ),  meas- 
ures 14  mm.  in  greatest  length  and  1(»  mm.  in  zygomatic  breadth ;  great- 
est length  of  mandible,  10.6.  Dorsal  luotile  nearly  straight  from  external 
nares  to  occiput,  but  slightly  convex  over  front  part  of  brain  case. 
Occiput  never  developing  strongly  msirked  ridges.  Length  of  bony 
palate  behind  molars  (exclusive  of  central  spine),  about  half  width  of 
interpterygoi<l  fossa. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  (fig.  30)  are  not  so  large  as  might  be  expected  from 
the  niasaiveness  of  the  skull.  Upper  tooth  row  of  adult  female  from 
Sfins  Souci,  N.  C,  0;  lower,  G.8.    Upper  incisor  close  to  canine,  but 


Fid.  35.— Skull   of   yi/Hictiu* 
humeialit  (X2). 


,|1i: 


120 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


Jii 


separated  from  it  by  a  space  less  than  half  as  great  as  the  diameter  of 
the  incisor.    Upper  molars  much  narrower  on  the  inner  side  than  on 

the  outer  side.  Outer 
lower  incisor  with  trans- 
verse diameter  of  crown 
slightly  greater  than 
that  of  second  or  third. 
Measuremeitts. — In  the 
following  table  averafi^e 
measurements  are  given 
of  35  specimens  of  Nye- 
ticeius  humeralis  from  the  United  States,  and  for  comparison,  Gund- 
lach's  measurements  of  a  dry  specimen  of  N.  humeralis  eubanua. 


^^^^ 


Fio.  36.— Teeth  of  Nt/etieHux  htimeralii  ( ^  5). 


Average  mraaiiremenlB  ofSG  ajyecimens  of  XycUceius. 


Name. 


hvmeraliii 


eiibanuii  . 


Locality. 


Pennsylvanih :  Carlisle. . 
Virginia:  Dismal  Swaiiip 
Teiinoaaei' :  Big  Siindy. . . 

IVxas :  Hrowiisvillo 

Ciil>a 


a  u 


«  *rf  ^ 


1     c 


10  93.5  36.9 

5j91. 4  35. 8 

10  92.2  36.3 


92. 3  37.  T 
..;29 


a 

t 

■■a 

a 

i 

J 

2» 

9  B 

.s 

es 

s 

a^ 

ii- 

JS 

g 

I 

.a 

g 

H 

(<4 

Ui 

H 

ij 

—  - 

-~ 

13.8 
13.4 
13.7 
13.6 
II 


6. 7  36. 
7.7  35. 
7.3  34. 
7.  2  36. 
6.7  30 


5.4  64.5  13.810 
663.4|l3.510.5 
563.413.1'  9.9 
7  8.8 


3  65.2;12. 
555 


6.1 
0.2 
5.9 
5.1 


Spceimem examine^l. — Tot.il  number  lol,  from  the  following  localities: 

Arkannas:  Fort  8iiiifb,  5. 

District  of  Columbia:  WasliinRton,  2. 

Florida:  Titus villo,  1;  Chattahouilitio,  1. 

Georgia:  Ricoboro,  3. 

Indian  Territory :  Rcdlaud,  4, 

Keiitncky:  Hickiiinn,  7. 

Louisiana:  M«'r  Roujje,  19;  PineviHc,  i. 

MiHHisHippi:  Bay  St.  Louis,  17;  Wasbingtou,  2. 

Nortb  Carolina:  Hertio  County,  I);  Sans  Souci,  4  (skins). 

Pennsyl-'iinia:  Carlisle,  12. 

TaniaulipaH:  Matamoras,  1. 

Tennessee:  Big  Sandy,  13;  Danville,  2;  Warnor,  1;  Arlington,  4;   Hickman 

County,  1  (skin). 
Texas:  Brownsville,  32;  Paris,  3;  Arthur,  1;  Lomita  Rancb,  2;  Hidalgo,  1. 
Virginia:  Dismal  Swamp,  .">;  near  Rivcrtou,  1  (skin,  Miller  coll.). 

NYCTICEIUS  HUMKRALIS  CUBANUS  (Oundlach). 

1861.   Vetpenis  eubanua  Gundlach,  Monat«ber.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  p.  150. 
1877.  NficticetuH  vuhanus,  Gundlach,  Contribuciim  ii  la  Mamalogia  Cnbana,  p.  33. 

Type  Incality. — CuV)a. 
Geogrophic  iHHtrihu turn. — ( ^ uba . 


NYCTICEIUS   HUMERALIS  CUHANU8. 


121 


o 
S 

i 

a 

.9 

10 

0.1 

.  5 10. 5 

0.2 

.1  9.9 

5.9 

.7 

8.8 

6.1 

Characters. — I  have  not  seen  specimens  of  Njfcturiuti  from  Cuba,  but 
Gundliicb's  careful  description  of  tlie  animal  leaves  no  doubt  that  it  is 
distinct  from  tbe  form  occurring  on  the  mainland.  It  is  distinguisbed 
from  tbe  latter  by  smaller  size  and  ai>parently  also  by  paler  color.  A 
translation  of  Gundlach's  second  and  more  perfect  account  of  tbe 
animal  is  as  follows:  "Pelage  above  ligbt  tawny  (tlie  fur  blackish  at 
base),  beneath  pale  reddish  tawny  (the  base  of  the  fur  likewise  black- 
ish). Face  and  flight  membranes  blackish  brown.  The  nose  ajtpears 
somewhat  divided  by  the  projecting  nostrils;  between  the  nose  and  the 
eyes  there  is  on  each  side  a  protuberance  with  bristly  hairs.  Kars  oval, 
lengthened  (8  mm.  high  in  front).  The  anterior  base  rounded  and 
spreading  outward;  the  posterior  at  the  angle  of  the  mouth  forms  a 
semicircle.  This  semicircle,  which  bends  inward  to  the  tragus,  forms 
another  rounded  enlargement.  Tragus  oblong,  scarcely  narrowed 
tbroughout,  somewhat  bent  in  the  form  of  a  sickle  forward  and  pro- 
vided with  a  tooth  shaped  lobule  at  the  base  of  the  exterior  border. 
Nails  tcawny. 

''The  measurements  of  a  dry  specimen  are  as  follows :  Width  between 
extremities  of  wing,  0.180  m.;  total  length  of  body,  0.04r»;  length  of 
tail,  0.02d;  length  of  head,  0.016;  length  of  ear,  0.012;  length  of  fore- 
arm, 0.030;  length  of  thumb,  0.005^;  length  of  second  or  index  tinger, 
0.029^;  length  of  third  finger,  0.055;  of  fourth  finger,  0.040 ;  of  fifth  fin- 
ger, 0.040;  lengtb  of  tibia,  0.011;  length  of  foot  to  the  end  of  nails, 
0.0063;  length  of  calcar,  0.013. 

"  This  is  a  rare  species.  I  have  only  observed  it  at  Ilabana  (Cerro)  in 
a  house  where  it  lived  in  a  crack  above  the  window,  and  in  the  field 
near  Gi^rdenas,  where  I  killed  it  while  flying  about  at  dusk.  A  female 
contained  two  embryos  in  May." ' 


,  p.  150. 
33. 


'  Pelnje,  por  oncinia  palido-pardo  (los  pelos  con  In  Laao  iii'^rrnzcn),  ]>or  deltajo  pitlido 
lieriiieji'zo-parilo  (la  linse  <lo  )oa  pelos  tauibicn  negrnzca).  Cara  y  meni1>i'nnaH  vola- 
(loraH,  morenas.  La  nariz  aparcco  algo  dividida  ])or  las  ventaiia.s  snltuuaH;  (Mitre  la 
iiariz  y  los  ojos  hay  ou  cada  lailo  iin  lollo  con  pelos  tiesos.  Orejas  ovali's,  alar^jadns 
(por  delaute  con  8  mil.  de  alto).  La  base  anterior,  vedonda  y  extnndida  Lacia  f'nora; 
la  posterior,  pelada  «>n  el  itngulo  de  la  boca  y  extendida  en  nn  senile  ircnlo,  <ine  incli- 
nado  hitcia  dentro  Lasta  la  orojnela,  forma  una  seKiiiida  ampliacicin  redonda.  Ore- 
jnela  oblonga,  adelga/.audoae  apt^nas,  algo  oncorvada  en  forma  de  bo/  liacia  delantc, 
y  provista  on  la  base  del  borde  exterior  con  iin  btbnlo  dentifornie.     I'nas  pardas. 

Lasmedidas,  toniadas  de  nil  ojemplar  <lisi-cado,  son: 

Anchura  entre  las  pnutas  del  ala,  0.180  mil. ;  longitnd  hnata  el  (in  del  cnerpo,  0.015; 
loiigitiid  del  rabo,  0.029;  longitnd  do  la  cabo/a,  0.016;  loiigitud  de  la  oreja,  0.012; 
longitud  del  antobrazo,  O.OHO;  lougitud  del  pnl<jrar,  O.OOoi ;  longitnd  del  segniido  dedo 
(>  indice,  0.029i ;  longitnd  del  tercero  dedo,  0.055;  longitnd  del  quarto  dedo,  0.040; 
longitnd  del  qninto  dedo,  0.040;  longitnd  de  la  tibia,  O.Oll :  longitnd  del  pi6  hastael 
Iin  de  les  uTias,  O.OOfiJ;  longitnd  del  ospolou,  0.013. 

Efl  especie  rara.  La  be  observado  solamente  on  la  Ilabana  (Cerro)  en  una  casa 
donde  vivia,  en  las  rendijas  S(d)ro  una  ventana,  y  en  el  nampo  eerea  de  C'lirdenas, 
donde  la  mat^  al  oscnrecer  volando.     Una  9  tenia  en  mayo  dos  embriones. 


f 


i' 


li 


1  ! 


H 


122 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAINA. 
Genus  RHOGEESSA  K.  Allen. 


1866.  IlhogeHxm  H.  Allen,  Proc.  Aciid.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila..  p.  285  (jjonns). 

1873.  Ilhoijiieam  MurHcliull,  Noinenclator  Zuologicns.  Mainin  ,  p.  II. 

1878.  Hhogci'-<sa  Dobson,  Catal.  Cliiroptcra  I>rit.  Muh..  p.  245  (siib<;«iiuN(>l' '  J'eepeviujo'), 

18!t3.  Rhofiiiium  IT.  Allen,  Monogr.  Bats  N.  Am.,  p.  Vi'2  (jrenuH). 

Type  HpecieH. — Rhoy  :i'88a  tumida  II.  Allen. 

Gcof/raphic  dixtrihution. — Troi)i(!al  Mexico, 
Central  America,  and  i)robably  northern  Sontli 
America  (known  from  Margarita  Inland,  Vene- 
zuela^. 

Oencrk'  characterH. — Dental  formula: 


1-1 


1-1 


pm. 


1-1 


^. ;    m. 


:\-3 


.*?0: 


^';jI3'  ''1-1'  '""'2-2'  '"'3-3 
lower  incisors  crowded,  the  outer  cusj)  of  first 
and  second  obsolete;  third  lower  incisor  greatly 
reduced  in  size,  unicusimlate  (tigs.  .'57  a  and  38a); 
ui»i)er  incisor  very  close  to  canine  or  in  contact 
with  it;  skull  small,  light,  ajid  papery,  narrow 
and  deep;  external  form  variable,  but  tragus 
always  straight  or  bent  backward,  and  tail  in- 
cluded to  tip  in  interfemoral  membrane. 

Remarks. — The  genus  Rhofiei'usa  has  received 
varying  trcJitment.  It  was  originally  described 
as  a  full  genus  whose  relationships  were  sup- 
posed to  be  with  NyctiveiuH  and  NyvtinomuH. 
In  1S7S  Bobson  referred  it  to  ^Vrsperuyo^  ns  a 
subgenus.  This  view  has  been  adopted  by 
most  subsequent  writers  ex<'ept  Mr.  Oldlield 
Thonuis  and  l>r.  Harrison  Allen,  both  of  whom 
have  recognized  Rhoyd'Hrn  as  a 
full  genus  related  more  closely 
to  NycticeiuH  than  to  any  of  the  genera  usually  included 
under  the  name  '  VespcrufioJ'  Mr.  Thomas  has  pointed 
out  characters  in  which  h'hogecssa  resembles  Antro- 
zoHn.  These  chaiacters,  the  reduced  size  of  the  outei- 
lower  incisor  and  slightly  creiuilate  posterior  border 
of  tragus,  seem  to  be  instances  of  parallel  de\elop 
ment  rather  tin.  indications  of  genetic  relation.ship.  The  genus 
Rhoflei'Ksa  is  closely  related  to  Nyetictiits,  but  the  peculiarities  of  the 
lower  incisors  nnd  the  general  form  of  the  skull  are  enough  to  warrant 
its  recognition. 


Fio.  37.— Left  tnanilibiilnr  in- 
risora  of  (a)  It'liotjirim  and 
(ft)  Nycticeiui  (    20). 


Fir).  38.— ("rowTiSDl'in- 
I'isdi-sot'iijjlil  nmiiili- 
lilc  (if  (a)  llho'ifiKsa 
ami  (b)  Xncticrinn 
{     20). 


RFIO(iEKSSA    TIJMIDA.  123 

KEY  TO  SI'ECIKS  OF  UHOCKKSSA. 

J.nt<>ral  iiiainlihular  incisor  siaroely  oue-twciitieth  as  Irtrjji'  as  central 

incisors aUeHi  (p.  12>^) 

Lateral  niantliltnlar  int-iiior  one-half  to  two-thinls  ns  larjio  as  •■cntral 
incisors. 

Kar  laid  forwaril,  rcachinj;  aliiint  tJ  mm.  bcyiind  tip  of  nos« ijracilis  (p.  126) 

Ear  laid  forward,  n-achin-j  alMint  to  tip  of  nose. 

Fnr  jrrayisli  brown  at  liaw parriila  (p.  125) 

Fnr  yellowish  tlironuliout. 

Fori-arm  aliinit  :40  mm Inmidti  (p.  l-!3) 

Foroann  alM>nt  2."»  mm niinulilla  (p.  125) 


Hno<;KKS.<?A  TIMIHA  H.  Alien. 

186«).  Iiho(iei-BKa  tiimidn  H.  Allen.  I'roc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.,  p.  2K(!. 
1877.    f'enpenigo  i>arriilnM  Dolison,  Catal.  Cliiroptera  llrit.  Mus.,  ji.  215. 

Tifite  locality. — Mirador.  Vera  Cruz.  .Me.xit'O. 

(ieof))aphic  tlistributinn. — Central  America  and  sontliern  Mexico. 

(ieiural  ehanutrrs. — Size  small;  lenj^th.  70  to  7.1;  tail,  lH)  to  'M't;  fore- 
arm, 27.4  to  30.  Calear  strong,  distinct,  slightly  longer  than  free  border 
of  uropatagium,  terminating  in  a  small  but  evident  lobule  conspicilou.sly 
keeled  on  the  iM)sterior  border.  Free  border  of  uropatagium  mikeil. 
Ears  moderate,  laid  forward  they  reach  about  to  tip  of  no.se.  Wings 
from  base  of  toe.s.  Legs  and  feet  short  and  strong,  the  feet  when  out- 
stretched reaching  t<»  within  ii  mm.  of  tip  of  tail.  Fur  yellowish,  the 
hairs  on  the  back  with  dusky  tips. 

Ears. — The  ears  (PI.  I.  tig.  S)  are  moderately  long,  reaching,  when 
laid  forward,  about  to  tip  of  nose;  the  substance  of  the  conch  thick 
and  leathery.  Anterior  border  strongly  <;oncave  from  base  to  a  little 
past  middle,  then  straight  to  narrowly  rouiuled-oft"  tip.  Posterior  border 
concave  just  below  tip.  then  gently  and  evenly  convex  to  base.  No 
indication  of  ba.sal  notch. 

Tragus  directed  slightly  forward:  the  anterior  edge  nearly  straight, 
but  slightly  concave  at  base,  and  curved  a  little  backward  at  tip. 
Posterior  edge  faintly  crenulate.  concave  below  tip,  then  concave  to 
slightly  developed  ba.sjil  lobe.  <-reatest  width  of  tragus  at  about 
middle  of  po.sterior  border. 

Mnnbraurs. — The  membranes.  es]>eci.;  ly  the  uropatagium,  are  rem.irk- 
ably  thick  an»l  leathery  for  so  small  a  bat.  Throughout  they  are  wholly 
naked  except  close  to  the  bmly  and  along  the  veins  on  theinterfemoral 
membrane.  Wings  from  ba.se  of  toes.  Uropatagiuni  (PI.  I,  tig.  13) 
attached  at  tip  of  terndnal  caudal  vertebra. 

Feet. — The  feet  and  legs  (PI.  I.  tig.  13)  are  short  and  strongly  built, 
in  this  respect  resembling  X.  Iiunnralis.  The  foot  is  scarcely  one-half 
as  long  as  the  tibia,  and  the  t«»es  are  slightly  longer  than  the  sole. 
The  toes  are  not  united  by  membrane  at  base,  (^alcar  distinct  and 
strong,  slightly  longer  than  free  border  of  uroi>atagium.     Lobule  at 


1:||= 


! 


i9      ' 


in 


124 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


tip  of  ciilear  suiall  but  distiiut.     Ki-el  well  developed  and  8Ui)|K)rted  by 
one  or  two  cartilaginous  outjrrowths. 

Fur  and  aAor. — There  is  nothing  peculiar  in  the  distribution  of  the 
fur.  It  extends  in  a  very  narrow  line  on  the  wingH  along  the  side  of 
the  body  both  dorsally  and  ventrally,  and  on  the  uropntagium  rovers 
the  basal  fourth  dorsally  but  scar-ely  reaches  the  membrane  on  the 
ventral  side. 

In  color  the  fur  is  dull  yellowish  brown  throughout,  scarcely  paler 
ventrally,  the  hairs  dusky  at  tip.    Ears  and  membranes  dark  brown. 

Skull. — In  general  appi'arance  the  skull  of  Rhotfeessa  tumUla  (fig.  39) 
stands  between  that  of  Xydiceiux  humeralis  and  Pipistrellus  suhHavutt. 
The  skull  of  an  adult  female  from  Santo  Domingo,  Oaxaca  (No.  73267, 
United  States  National  3Iuseum,  Biological  Survey  collection),  meas- 
ures: Greatest  length,  13;  zygomatic  breadth,  8.4;  breadth  of  rostrum 
at  anterior  edge  of  first  molar,  o;  mandible,  9;'  upi^er  tooth  row,  .5.6; 
lower  tooth  row,  6.    That  of  an  adult  female  from  Patuca,  Honduras 

(No.  21017,1'nited  States  National  Museum),  meas- 
ures:  Greatest  length,  12.4;  zygomatic  breadth,  8; 
breadth  of  rostrum  at  anterior  edge  of  first  molar, 
4:  mandible,  9.4 ;  upper  tooth  row,  5;  lower  tooth 
row,  6,  The  rostrum  is  relatively  narrower  than 
in  Xycticeiug  and  the  occiput  is  more  elevated. 
The  muzzle  is  distinctly  concave  in  front  of  orbits 
instead  of  flat  or  almost  convex  as  in  Xycticeimt. 

Teeth. — Upper  incisor  usually  in  contact  with 
canine,  though  occasionally  separated  by  a  narrow 
space  (fig.  40fl).  Maxillary  teeth  essentially  as  in 
Nyctieeius,  but  premolar  relatively  larger  and  posterior  molar  narrower 
in  proportion  to  its  length. 

Lower  incisors  greatly  crowdetl,  the  outer  cnsp  of  *  1  and  i  2  much 
smaller  than  middle  and  inner  cusp.    Outer  lower  incisor  uni  uspi 
date,  about  one-half  the  size  of  i  1  or  »  2.     Other  mandibular  teeth 
essentially  as  in  XyeticeiuH,  but  premolars  more  crowded. 
MeaxuremenU. — See  table,  page  129. 
SpecimenH  exam'metl. — Total  number,  lU,  from  the  following  localities: 

Coliiiia:  Col i ma.  3. 

Costa  Rica:  .  1. 

Guatemala:  Hiiehiu-tan,  1. 
Guerrero:  Araiila.  1  (Merriain  roll.). 
Honduras:  P<ttnca,  2. 
Oaxaca:  Santo  Domingo,  1. 
Vera  Criiz:  Mirador,  1. 

Qeneral  remnrlcs. — Rhogeexsta  iumula  needs  comparison  with  R.  par- 
rula  and  R.  minHtiUn  only.  From  the  former  it  is  distinguished  by  its 
clear  yellowish  fur  without  darker  base,  and  from  the  latter  by  its  con- 
siderably larger  size. 

'  Ah  the  mandible  is  imperfect,  this  mcasiireuieut  is  only  approximately  correct. 


Fig.  3» sic  nil  of  Rhoffrftm 

tnmi(la{x2). 


RHOUBK&SA    FARVULA. 


125 


Dobsuii  aud  ui08t  sabsequent  -Mithors  Lave  wiougly  applied  the  spe- 
cific uanie  parrula  to  this  s])ecies.  So  far  as  kiiowu  h'.  parvula  is 
restricted  to  the  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

[The  folIowinK  Hpet-iea  is  not  Nortli  American,  bat  is  iutruthK-od  ben^  to  complete 
tbe  ar.-i-onnt  of  the  genus  lihogci'aaa.  ] 


KUOGEESSA  MINUTILLA  Miller. 


1806. 


f'rtiterugo parriihic  Robinson,  Proc.  U.S.  National  Mnseuni,  XVIII,  p.  651  (not 
Ilhogfi'tna  parnila  H.  Allen). 
1X97,  nhog(v*»a  minutilla  Milltr,  Proc.  ISiol.  Sot:  Wasliinjrton,  XI,  p.  139,  May  13, 1897. 

Type  locality. — Margarita  Islaud,  Venezuela.  (Type  in  U.  S.  Natioual 
Musenui,  Xo.  a321«.) 

Geographic  dUsiribution. — This  species  is  probably  confined  to  Mar- 
garita Island. 

General  characterg. — Similar  to  RhoyevHsa  tumida,  but  considerably 
.smaller  (forearm,  only  25  mm.). 

Earn. — The  ears  of  the  type  (when  relaxed  by  soaking  in  water) 
appear  to  be  smaller  and  narrower  than  in  R.  tumida,  but  otherwise  not 
I>ecn1iar. 

Membra nex,  feet,  and  digirihution  of  fur. — As  in  li.  tumida. 

Color. — Fur  everywhere  light  yellowish  brown  to  base,  the  hairs  on 
the  back  tipiHMl  with  chestnut.  The  color  appears  to  differ  sliglitly 
from  that  of  ^.  tumida,  but  I  have  too  few  skins  to  make  an  adequate 
comparison. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  the  type  and  only  known  specimen  Is  so  much 
injured  that  its  characters  can  not  be  determined  with  certainty,  but  it 
appears  to  be  smaller  and  relatively  narrower  than  that  of  R.  tumida. 
Greatest  length,  11.8;  length  of  mandible,  9;  upper  tooth  row,  .">;  lower 
toijth  row,  ~i.6. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  are  essentially  as  in  R.  tumida. 

MeaHurements. — The  measurements  of  the  type  specimen  are  given  in 
the  table  on  page  l!^. 

Specimen*  examined. — One,  the  type. 

General  remarks. — Rhogei-xsa  minutilla  is  a  small  insular  form  most 
closely  related  to  R.  tumida,  but  apparently  perfe<*tly  distinct.  So  far 
as  I  know  the  genus  Rhoyei'sxa  has  not  yet  been  recorded  from  the 
mainland  of  South  America,  where,  however,  it  doubtless  occurs.    ,. 

RHOGEES.SA  I'AKVULA  II.  Allen. 

1866.  Rhogti'-$Ka  parvula  H.  Allen,  Proc.  Ac-atl.  Nat.  Sci.  Fbila.,  p.  285 

Tpye  locality. — Tres  Marias  Islands,  Mexico. 

Geoijraphic  distribution. — Tres  Marias  Islands. 

Characters. — As  I  have  seen  no  si)ecim('ns  of  this  species,  I  ipiote 
the  original  description  entire.    It  is  as  follows: 

"Ear  sab-acute  at  tip;  lips  whiskered;  eyes  very  small,  each  fur- 
nished with  a  wart  above;  similar  growth  seen  beneath  chin.  Fur 
above  silky,  not  thick,  of  a  light  greyish-brown  at  basal  third,  fawn- 


126 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


|i  i 


i   i 


I   fli 


chestiittt-brown  at  apical  two-thirds;  that  of  head  Maine  color,  running 
on  to  the  ears  one-half  their  height.  Beneath,  basal  third  inclined  to 
greyish;  apical  two-thirds  grayish  fawn.  Membranes  almost  black, 
naked,  excepting  basal  fourth  of  interfemoral  membrane  behind,  which 
is  furnished  with  a  small,  short  patch  of  glistening  fur. 

"  MeanuremenU — 7H41. 

" Height  of  auricle  0"  |l-.7  mm.];  height  of  tragus  3"  [0.4];  length 
of  head  7"  (14.8];  length  of  body  10"  [21.1];  length  of  tail  1'  2"  [3(>.r.]; 
length  of  forearm  1'  1"  [27.4];  length  of  longest  linger  V  11"  [48.r»]; 
length  of  thumb  2"  [4.2 1;  length  of  tibia  5"  [10.0];  length  of  foot  2A" 
[5.3];  expanse  6'  7"  [16.7]. 

"Two  individuals,  i  and  9  ;  Nos.  7841, 7842,  Museum  of  8mithPonian 
Institution.    Alcohol. 

"  Tres  Marias,  Mexico,  Col.  Grayson." 

RUOUElilSSA  (JUACILIS  up.  iiov. 

Type  from  PLixtla,  Pnebla.  Adult  <^  (in  alcohol).  No.  706U4,  U.  S.  Nat.  Miiseuiu, 
Hitilogical  Survey  collection.  Collected  Nov.  24,  1X94,  by  E.  W.  Nelsou  and  E.  A. 
Goldman.    Collector'^  number,  70U9. 

Geographic  dintributivn. — Southern  Mexico  (I'uebla  and  '  Isthmus  of 
Teh  nan  tepee'). 

General  eharacfers. — Size,  medium;  length,  79  to  82;  tail,  3H.0  to  41; 
forearm,  32  to  33.  Calcar  slender  but  distinct,  a  little  shorter  than  free 
border  of  uropatagium,  terminating  in  a  small  lobule,  distinctly  keeled 
on  the  posterior  border.  Free  border  of  uropatagium  naked  Ears  long ; 
when  laid  forward  extending  about  (5  mm.  beyond  tip  of  nose.  Wings 
from  base  of  toes.  Feet  and  legs  long  and  slender,  the  outstretched 
feet  reaehing  to  within  about  10  mm.  of  tip  of  tail. 

Ears. — The  ears  (PI.  I,  Hg.  7)  are  long,  and  at  the  same  time  broad; 
laid  forward  they  reach  about  0  mm.  beyond  tip  of  nose;  the  substance 
of  the  conch  thin  and  translucent.  Anterior  border  strongly  convex 
from  base  to  a  little  below  middle,  then  straight  or  very  slightly  con- 
vex to  the  rather  broadly  rounded  ott'  tip.  Posterior  border  concave 
below  tip  to  about  middle,  where  it  bends  abruptly  outward,  then  grad- 
ually convex  to  base.  A  very  faintly  indicated  basal  notch  and  basal 
lobe.  About  5  mm.  above  the  crown  and  an  ecpial  distance  from  the 
tip  of  the  ear  conch  in  the  male  is  developed  a  conspicuous,  flattened- 
pyriform,  glandular  thickening  with  the  large  end  toward  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  ear  and  the  main  axis  nearly  perpendicular  to  that  of  the 
auricle.  The  thickened  mass  is  5  mm.  in  length,  4  mm.  wide  at  the 
broiul  end,  2  mm.  at  the  narrow  end,  and  1  mm.  thick.  It  is  most  con- 
spicuous on  the  dorsal  side  of  the  ear,  where,  although  not  dift'erent  in 
color  from  the  rest  of  the  ear,  it  is  noticeably  raised  above  the  surface, 
and  the  boundaries  are  sharply  marked.  On  the  inner  side  of  the 
ears  the  thickenings  are  less  definite  in  outline,  but  are  noticeably 
paler  than  the  surrounding  integument.  When  these  structures  are 
examined  with  a  lens  it  is  seen  that  they  are  thickly  covered  on  the 


Kn(>(JKi;s«A    GRACILIS. 


127 


outer  side  witli  pores  lyiiij;  mostly  at  tlie  bases  of  the  flue  hairs  with 
whieli  the  stirface  is  beset.  The  tliickeiied  insjsses  are  of  exactly  the 
same  si/e  and  shape  \i\  the  two  ears  and  are  placed  symmetrically  with 
respect  to  the  outlines  of  the  conclis. 

Trajjus  slender  and  taper  ])oiuted,  slijjhtly  bent  backward  at  the 
tip,  and  broadest  opposite  anterior  base.  The  anterior  border  is 
slightly  concave  at  base,  then  evenly  convex  to  tip.  The  posterior 
border  is  strongly  concave  from  tip  to  a  ])oint  slightly  above  the  middle, 
where  the  tragus  attains  a  width  nearly  equal  to  that  at  level  of  ante- 
lior  base.  From  this  point  to  the  basal  lobe  the  i)osteri(»r  border  is 
nearly  straight  and  about  parallel  with  the  lower  part  of  the  anterior 
border.  Itasal  lobe  small  but  prominent.  Posterior  border  of  tragus 
crenulate,  espe<'ially  near  the  middle,  where  there  are  five  or  six  minute 
sharply  projecting  points,  from  the  bases  of  which  thickened  processes 
may  be  traced  a  short  distance  into  the  substance  of  the  tragus  when 
the  latter  is  held  to  the  liglit. 

Mfmhrajics. — The  nu'inbranes  are  thin  and  semitrans]>arent,  the  uro- 
patagiuni  not  different  in  texture  from  the  wings.  Throughout  they 
are  entirely  nake<l,  c\cei)t  for  a  narrow  line  of  hair  on  the  wings  extend- 
ing along  sides  of  body  about  to  a  line  drawn  halfway  between  knee 
and  elbow.  On  the  uropiitagium  there  is  also  a  narrow  hairy  area 
close  to  body  and  a  sprinkling  of  fine  hairs  along  the  veins.  Wings 
from  base  of  toes.  I'ropatagium  (1*1. 1,  fig.  12)  attached  at  tip  of  ter- 
minal caudal  vertebra. 

Feet. — The  feet  are  small  and  weak,  distinctly  h*ss  than  half  as  long 
as  the  slender  tibiie  (PI.  I,  fig.  12).  Toes  longer  than  sole,  cleft  to 
base.  Calcar  slender  but  very  distinct,  about  as  long  as  free  border 
of  uropatagiuni  and  terminating  in  a  small  and  ill-deflned  lobule. 
Keel  remarkably  well  develoi)ed,  extending  from  near  tip  of  calcar 
almost  to  base  and  supported  by  four  cartilaginous  processes. 

Fnr  and  color. — The  fur  is  long,  that  on  middle  of  back  averaging 
abtmt  1)  mm.  It  extends  farther  on  the  membranes  than  in  li.  pnrvula^ 
but  otherwise  shows  no  peculiarities.  In  color  it  is  everywhere  light 
sepia  at  base,  then  dull  yellowish  brown,  that  on  the  back  tipped  with 
chestnut.  As  this  description  is  from  a  specimen  that  has  been 
innnersed  in  aU;ohol  for  nearly  two  years  and  a  half,  it  can  not  be  more 
than  approximately  ac(!urate. 

SIckV. — The  skull  o(  lilio(i('('s.sa  graciliH  is  longer  and  more  slender 
than  that  of  A*,  tuiiiida,  and  the  forehead  appears  to  be  more  abruptly 
raised  above  the  face  line.  The  zygomata  are  less  widely  flaring  in 
front.  Apparently  the  octciput  is  considerably  narrower  than  in  R. 
tiimida.  From  the  material  at  han<l  it  is,  however,  im])ossible  to  deter- 
mine the  cranial  characters  with  accuracy,  since  of  the  skull  of  the 
female  topotype  there  remains  only  the  mandible  and  rostral  portion, 
while  the  skull  of  the  type  is  so  nuujh  injured  that  it  would  not  hold 
together  if  "emovetl  from  the  skin  and  cleaned. 


128 


NORTH    AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


Hi 


ii. 


:i 


!    i 


I  ! 


1 1 


1 

Hi 


III!!  II I 


tiip 


Fi8. 40.— Teeth  of  (a)  Ithogertia  tumida  and  (b)  R.graeilii 

(■5). 


Teeth. — The  teeth  of  Hhoijei'sa  ^riwilxH  (tif;.  40)  diflTer  from  thoHe  of 
R.  tumida  in  iiiimerous  Uetail8.  The  urowuH  of  the  upper  inolarH  are 
much  narrower  on  the  lingual  Hide  and  the  posterior  upi>er  molar  is 
couHlderably  broiider.  The  front  lower  premolar  is  sli^^htly  larger  thau 
iu  U.  tumida,  but  otherwise  the  mandibular  teeth  show  no  distinct 

difierenees. 

Meamirements. — See  table, 
page  129. 

Sjfeebn ens  exa m ined , — 
Total  number,  3,  from  the 
following  localities: 

lathiiiiiH  of  Tehiiiiiitepec,  1. 
Paebla:  Piaxtla,  2. 

Oeneral  remarks. — Rhoge- 
I'ssa  gracilis  is  so  readily 
distinguished  fromtbeother 
species  of  the  gejius  by  its 
slender  form  and  very  large  ears  that  no  detailed  comparisons  are 
necessary. 

This  is  the  only  species  of  North  American  VespertUionida'  in  which 
I  have  found  any  sexual  diU'erences  in  cutuneous  structures. 

RHOGEi-'SSA  ALLKNI  Thouias. 

1892.  Rhogeessa  alleni  Thomas,  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  6th  ser.,  X,  p.   477,  LU'coni- 
ber,  1892. 

Type  lomliti/. — Santa  llosalia,  near  Autlan,  Jalisco,  Mexico.  Type 
in  British  Museum. 

Oeoyraphic  distribution. — Rhogei'ssa  alleni  is  known  from  the  type 
locality  only. 

Characters. — As  I  have  not  seen  the  type  and  only  knoMu  specimen 
of  this  bat,  I  copy  Mr.  Thomas's  original  des»jription : 

"Decidedly  larger  than  Rh.parvula;  muzzle  obliquely  truncate  as 
in  that  species.  Ears  large,  laid  forward  they  reach  about  1  or  2  millim. 
beyond  the  nostrils;  their  inner  margin  very  convex  forwards  below, 
straight  or  even  slightly  concave  above;  tip  narrowly  rounded  off; 
outer  margin  concave  below  the  tip,  then  straight,  becoming  slightly 
convex  below,  outer  basal  lobe  but  little  marked.  Tragus  long,  its 
broadest  point  opposite  to  base  of  its  inner  edge;  inner  edge  straight 
or  slightly  concave,  tip  rounded,  outer  margin  slightly  convex,  the  edge 
indistinctly  crenulate,  somewhat  as  in  Antrozons  pallidus;  a  marked 
lobule  at  the  base  of  the  outer  margin,  above  and  below  which  there  is 
a  concavity.  Thumb  very  short  and  th  ick,  no  longer  than  in  Rh.  parvula. 
Posterior  edges  of  wing-membrane  bordered  with  whit«,  bifid  tip  to 
fourth  finger  unusually  distinct;  wings  from  the  base  of  the  fifth  toe; 
post-calcareal  lobe  small  and  narrow ;  tip  of  calcar  projecting  slightly 
from  the  back  of  the  membrane;  tail  included  in  membrane  to  the 
extreme  tip." 


RHOOEJ-iSSA   ALLEN  I. 


129 


"  Teeth. — Upiter  iucisors  one  on  each  side,  long,  slender,  unicaspid; 
upper  premolars  large,  qnite  close  to  the  canines;  no  trace  of  a  luiunte 
anterior  premolar.  I^ower  incisors  six,  the  t'onr  median  ones  broad, 
tricuspid;  the  outer  ones  unicuspid,  exceedingly  minute,  practically 
invisible  from  in  front,  and  scarcely  one-twentieth  of  the  size  in  crou 
section  of  the  median  incisors;  far  smaller  therefore  both  absolutely 
and  relatively  than  in  Kh.  parpuUi. 

'^Dimensions  of  the  type  (an  adult  female  in  spirit): — 

'*Uead  and  body  47  millim;  tail  41;  ear  above  head  liMi,  from  notch 
l(i;  tragus,  inner  margin  7 ;  forearm  35;  thumb  5;  metacarpal  of  third 
tinger33.5;  lower  leg  15.5;  hind  foot  7.1;  calcar  15. 

"Skull  of  a  second  specimen:  Occiput  to  gnathion  14.7;  greatest 
breadth  9.5;  distance  from  front  of  canine  to  back  of  m.-3  5.4." 

UeaHuremenU  of  Hpecimens  of  Rhogeiisa. 


Kame. 


Localitv. 


§ 


e 

Hi 

a 


9. 


i'A 


i. 


,2 
S 


liimidn Vtra  Cnir :  Mirador 

Coliiua :  Colinia 

Colima 

Colima 

Oaxara:  SantiiI*oiiiiu;:i>. 
Guatemala:  Ilrifliaetaii. 

HoDtluRiit :  I'atnra 

I'atiu-a 

parriila Tre.s  ^laria;'  Islands 

miiiutilla VrneziK-Ia :      Margarita 

Iidand. 

nrafilis I'lirbla:  I'iaxtla 

IMaxlla 

I.tthiiiaitof  Tflinantcpt'C 
alliui Jaluco:  Aatlau 


8193 

cf  ad. 

o.-i. 

0  25.  4 

.12102 

9nd. 

7.'. 

:it 

:>20(J3 

.:^od. 

70 

:i:i 

r)2iHin 

,'  ad. 

70 

ao 

7:J2C9 

$ad. 
'nd. 

78tiOO 

75 

;t:! 

21010 

$  ad. 

7;i 

;!0 

21017 

9nd. 

75 

31 

7841 

ij-nd. 

05. 

5  28.3 

C;i216 

^  '  nd. 

.25 

4  10. 4   5.  1  2ft.  5   4. 8  .''.7. 2; . . . . 


12  J     2ft.  8 

11.4  5.  4:;u 

11  .'.4  28 

12  7      .1:1 
11.4  0     ;o 

12  0    :io 

12.4  5.6:10 

5  10.4  5.3  27.4 

11  5      25 


4  .i2 
4  .->2 
4      51 

4. 4  (;:i 
4.<>.'pn 
4  53 
4    57 

4. 1  48. 5 
3.0  51 


7.3 
12.8   9.6  7 
12.4   9.4  7.4 
12.  li   0      7 
1.1.  fi   9.0   7.2 


14  ft 

12.6  9 

13  9 

11.8  s 


70691     vad.    79     .18.014       0     32 
700'J4  »^nd.    82     41      14.0   5      33 

:i7      13     t  5      30 


7 

7 

7 

6.4 

6.4 


11240     $  nd. 
»?  nd. 


■  Type.  niea.snrementK  from  H.  Allen. 

2772— Xo.  13 U 


Type. 


41 


7. 1:35 


4  00  17  11  10 
4.4  01  IG.eil.8I0 
4      aX      IG      il     j9 

...  7 


I 


i 


'Tjpciiicasurcniouttt  from  Thomas. 


wmm 


i 


m 


INDEX  TO  GENERIC  AND  SPECIEIC  NAMES. 


[Nanii'N  <!:  iiHiifHiire  lii're  ri-c(>);niz(il  nn  valiil.{ 


nhramiis  il'ipittrrlliit),  11). 
A<lnU>ii.M'U-riH.  12.  »S. 

riiMi'iii,  :iO,  98. 
A4MireslcH,  I'.',  .'lo.  • 

HlCliiH  (Vexiiortilio).  20.  ;UI. 
iiKiliH  (Vi'spiTlilio).  7.1. 
rlairf^uti.i  {MijotU),  :i«.  40, 5«, «53-64. 
iillifseeim  (iliinlix).  12.  .'ill,  84. 
albrHCi^iiH  ( \'eH|iertiIi<)).  20.  3tf,  04, 6«l. 
ii'hiijulni  in  (  Vi'ipf  rtUiu),  20.  30.  41, 104. 
iillil^iilnria  ( VcH]M>rugo),  :in.  104. 
ull)i<;iilanH  (Vcnimtiih).  1.'>,  20, 1(I4. 
aniiiliiiibiitiiH  ( Votperiigiii.  20. 
iilcytliiiti  (Voniwrtili"),  15,113. 
aUn\!  Oihmjtitm).  20.  40,  41.  12;i.  12>*-121». 
iiiiit-riiaiia  (Atalaplia),  13. 2  ',  jiKi. 
Anttiizitiiif,  41. 
AntriizoiiK,  12,42. 

jinrijicim,  [iii.  40,  45-10. 

2>alUiliix,  ;m,  40.  43-45. 
ari.sti|i|io  (Vt»|>i'rugo).  20. 
ari8t.]iiu'  (VfMiMTiis).  15. 
ai'i|i:atii8  (VeH)H'rtilio),  20,  !)6. 
Artibniti.\S. 
Atalapha.  13, 105,  115. 

aiiiericaiia.  13, 20, 106. 

lioK-alig.  106. 

cauilata.  13. 

ciiif  roa,  40, 112. 

t'ga,  13. 

("•ire^ia,  13. 

Iraiitzii,25. 40,  111. 

fusiata.  26. 

iiitemieilia.  13,  40. 116. 

iiicxicana, 31,  111. 

novebnraceiisU.  30, 106. 

pfeittVri,  33.  39,  110. 

Henifnola,35, 109. 

Hiciila,  13. 

teliuti8,36,39, 110. 
audiiboiii  ( Vesp<>rtilio),  20, 86. 
atiritut  (PUeotus),  140. 
aiiritiiH.  (Vi  ii)icrtilio),  18. 
aw  traits  (I'ipUtreHtu),  3n,  40, 90. 
aiistruripariiiH  (Vc8iM"nilio>,20,60. 
IttliameniU  (  YttrpertUiit).  39, 41, 101-102. 
Itarbastclla,  17. 

barbasU'Uiiit  (Vespertilio).  17. 
let'hsteiiiii  (Venpertilio),  16. 
belli  (Srotophiliis),  21. 
blogicvillei  (Scotophilus),  15. 


bort-alla  (Alalaplia),  loO. 
Iiiirealh  (  hotiiniis),  30.  41.  lo5  1U8. 
ItoroaliH  (  V<>Hpertili-i).  21.  105. 
brarbiiiaiiii.t  (TaphozuUH).  lit. 
Hrarlivotim,  13,  .55. 
brcviniHtria  ( \'<'K|H>rliHit),  21. 
t'ali'aratiiH  ( Vt'spcrtilio).  21. 
ftili/iiniiciil  (  l/i/o/iv).  30.  40,  ,1:1.  09-72. 
I'aliroinii'iiH  (Vi'i<pi'rtili<>),21.0'». 
capaiM'iiiii  (('■iiiin.^'d'H).  13. 
nirolil  (Vf«|>i'rlitio).  22,  38,60. 
caruliiii'iiMU  ( V('.«pi'rliliii).  22. 96. 
I'uroliiii'iiHiii  ( Vi'H|K.'rii;:o),  39. 1)1. 
('atoiirug.  l:',  95. 
raixlala  (Atalapba).  13. 
Cttiirhuia  {Mii'ilit),  39.  40.  .">•!.  72. 
VlialiiiiilohiiK,  101. 
nbiysoiKitiiH  ( Vo.sptTtilio),  2:1,  77. 
ciliatiiH  (V«-!<p<'rtiliii|  14. 
eiUidahiiim  (Miiolis),  39, 40,  .5)!,  72-73. 
I'iliulabri))!)  ( Vf»iHTlil)i>),  23, 39, 72. 
chiiTca  ( Atiibiplia',  40.  112. 
rineieii»  (  hnsiiinit).  40,  41,  105, 112-lU. 
cint'i'i-iiH  ( Vi'!»iMTHlio),  23, 112. 
C)»'pba'i)8, 13,  95. 
Cnepb^iiopbiiDH.  13,83. 

fV)'iM)(;ii)e)i».  13. 

iiiai  TiliiH.  13. 

luictivapiim,  13. 

]ielli)('i<lii8, 13. 
Cimiastf.s,  13,  35. 

capai'c'iiiii,  13. 

«la.\vi'])i'iiie,  13. 

liiiiiKiphiliis,  i:s. 

ii)e;:a|HHliiiH,  1". 
CorynorUiimii,  13.  49-50. 

iHffir  <(".  13.  38, 40,  51-52. 

palU'etuf.  "8.  40,  52-5.3. 

toiinminlii,  38, 40,  .52, 53-54. 
iTassiiH  (Ve8i(ertili<i),2.3. 
••i'eek8(^'e»liertiUi)).  24 
ci^pU8Ciilari8  (Nyctioea),  24, 118. 
crepasrularih  (Nyi-ticfjusj.lO,  i'.3. 
ciibaHut  iXiicticriut),  40,  41. 120-121. 
ciibanii8  (Vcaperus),  24, 120. 
cub«U8i8  (Scutopliilus),  24, 102. 
ctibennt  (  Veipertilio).  39,  41, 102,  103. 
ciibensis  (Veaperugo),  102. 
fyanopterus  ( Vespertilio),  24. 
cyiioceplial)i8  (Nycticea),  23. 
(lasycDenie  (Comastes),  13. 


131 


r  ;■)' 


h 


liMili 

ill 


132 

ilaHycnrme  (Veapcrtilio),  13. 
Daiu;;ltniJi,  13, 54, 115-116. 

intrnnediut,  40, 41, 116-118. 
daiibco'ouii  (VeHpertilio),  IX 
(liHcolor  ( Veapcrtilid),  1». 
(lUcolor  ( VesiMiriigu),  U,  19, 2i). 
«liHcolor  (Veaperr.g),  15. 
tlumeBticiiH  ( Vog|HTlilio), 25. 
duturtrvus  (Ve8pertilio),25, 102. 
ega  (Atalaplia),  13. 
eurcgia  (Atalaphn),  13. 
EptesicUH,  Kl,  18, 95. 

nielanops,  14, 3U,  96. 

melas,  SO. 

mytlai),  14, 32. 
erytlirodact jliis  ( VesixTtilio), 25, 90. 
Ktiderma,  14,46. 

vianilatum,  14, 3H,  40,  46-49. 
evolit  (Mijolit),  23, 30, 40, 56, 77-80. 
cvotis  ( VcsptTtilio),  25, 39, 77, 80, 
exil'M  ( VoBpertilio),  25, 69. 
fcrrugiiicuit  ((.'mpliiiinphilufl),  13. 
frnutzii  ( Ataliiplia),  25, 40,  111. 
fiiiii'hris  (Lasiiiriis).  26. 106. 
fiiHcnta  (Atala]>1i.i),  26. 
ru!scU8  (Atloloiivrleris),  39,96. 
fiiHcim  (St'otophiliis),  39,  96. 
fvfcvs  (  Vexperiilw),  26,  39,  40, 06-90. 
I'liscim  (Vc.s])crii8<,  30,  06. 
geor<;ianii8  (.Sciitopliiliis),  39,  90. 
gcorKianus  f  Vo.spertilio),  26,  29, 90. 
gtMirgiiiim.s  ( VcRperiipo),  39,  91. 
yraciUt  ( Uhmjwta),  40,  41,  123, 126-128. 
gieciiii  (Scot<>i)liilii.s),27, 1)0. 
gv.viiliiis  (Vcspcrtilio),  27,  39,  00,  7.'). 
lieimlun.  ii  ( Vcspertilio),  27,  39.  60. 
hiKii-rut  (I'iiiistrelUis).  39,  40, 8S-90. 
hi'sjicr.i.i  iScotopliMns),  27,  39, 88. 
ln'H])onis  (Vf»)ionigo),  39,  88. 
Hidtiuliis,  14,  40. 

iiiniulatus,  14,  30,  4fi. 
hwnenilU  {Xyclienus,,  10,40.41,118-120. 
lninicriiliH  (Ve,spertili(>>,  16,27,118. 
Hjpi'xoilon,  14. 

iiiystax,  14. 
Hypsiigo,  14,  87. 

incautiis  (VrspiTtilio) ,  28,  56, 59. 
iiitprnii'ilia  (Atalaplia).  13,40,116. 
inter. Ill  iliiit  ( namiptfniD.^O.  41, 116-118. 
hitt'riiioiliiiM  (LagiiiruR),  28, 40, 116. 
lM()t\iH,  14.  55. 

keenii  ( Mitotii),  39, 40, 56,  77. 
keciiii  (Vpspertilio),  28, 77. 
kraNi'hi'niniknwii  (Vcsperugo),  14. 
kiihUi  (Seotojihilut).  17. 
kiihlii  ( Vexperiigu),  15,  20. 
lanceoliitUH  (\'eHpertilii>),  28. 
Lanomjctrrit.  14,  54,  85. 

noe(ivai7'i)t«,  39, 40,  86-87. 
Lanunt;  14,  54, 105, 115. 

hor<'a{i«,  30, 41, 108-108. 

einereui,  40.  41, 105, 112-lU. 

luueltris,  26, 106. 

Intermcdius,  28, 40, 116. 

mrzvianv$.  40. 4!,  105, 111-113. 

noveboraceusi*,  39, 106. 


INDEX. 


lM*iuiu»,pfHfferi,  39, 41, 105, 110. 

teminolug,  39, 41, 105, 109. 

(W{u(i«,  39,  41, 105, 110-111. 
laaiiiruH  (VeHpertiIiu),28, 105. 
laHuriia  (yu8pertilio),29, 105. 
lecontii  ( Plecotu8),  29, 51. 
loibii  ( Ve8pertilio),  29. 
leitleri  (VterygUies),  87. 
leiHli-ri  (Ve8pcrugo),20. 
leporiiius  (Vcsportiliu),  18. 
lepturus  (Vrspertilio),  17. 
Ieii('i))|>e  (Ve8i>eriigo),  20. 
liMi(:i]ipe  (Ve8iicrn8),  15. 
limno]>liilus  (Coniastcs),  13. 
lotigierus  ( Jlyotis),  39, 40. 56, 64-65. 
loiigicniH  ( VespettiUo),  29, 39, 64. 
Iveifiigus  (ilyotU),  38, 40, 56, 59-03. 
liicifugiia  (Ve8pi-rtillu).  29,  38, 59, 60. 
macolliis  (Cii(^iIiaiopliilu8),  13. 
iniiclunyii  (Scotophilus),  30. 
macrupiis  (\'e8i)ortilio).  30, 39, 66. 67. 
maerolii  ( Corynorhinun),  13,  38. 40, 51-52. 
mac roti8  fl'lecotii.s),  13,  30, 38,  51. 
inai'TOtiH  (Synotiw),  38,51. 
macvlatum  ( Eiid-'rma),  14,  38, 40, 46-49. 
iiiai'ulntiis  (Hiittiotus),  14,30,46. 
MarKipnln-miis,  15, 20,  lOt. 
inauniB  (Vespcrugo).  14. 
Mfgaderma,  18. 
niPKalotis  (Ve.Mjtertiliif).  30. 
iiiclaiiDpM  (Kptt'Hicns),  14,30,06. 
mi'giipddius  (('omastes',  13. 
iiicliinorliiiiUH  (Vi>8]K'rtilio).  30,39,60. 
iiii'laimfiis  (\'<'s]iertili(>),  30, 
iiidas  (Kptcsiciis).  30. 
iiii'rnaiiii  (Vcsiiemso),  31,  bo. 
Jliitconi.s.  1,"),  95. 
nirxiciina  (Atalaplia),  31,  111. 
mexicanus  (/,(f,vi»ri/.v),  40,  41, 105, 111-112, 
mixicainig  ^Iiivti*),  HO,  40,  ,")0,  73, 
iiii'xiciinurt  ( \'i-s])('i'tilin),  31,  73. 
vHiiiitiUi  (li'lioijei'min),  123,125. 
iiiiradoreinu  (  Vi'tiiirtilio).  39,40.99-100. 
mirjulorciisi.s  (Sccitopliiliis),  31,  W. 
iiioiiacliuH  (Vespertilii)),  31.  106. 
■iionticola  (A'espirtilio),  31. 
muriiiuH  ( Ytsjiertiliii).  14,  l.":,  18, 13. 
iiiydas  (Eptrsicna).  14,32, 
mydiis  (Vosporliliii).  32. 
MyotU,  1,".,  54.  5;V,56, 

aXatcsntii,  39, 40, 50, 63-61. 

alhitceiis.  12.  59.  84. 

cali/onti-iit,  39.  40, 50, 69-72. 

cauiiiiuii,  39,  40,  56.  72. 

tiliolabriim,  23,  39,  40,  !)6. 72-73. 

evotit,  23, 30, 40.  .'Hi,  77-80. 

h-i-ptiii,  39,  40,  ,56. 77. 

liiiiijienii,  39.  40.  jO,  64-C5. 

lucUuyui.  38,  40,  56,  59-63. 

meiicaniit,  39,40,50.73. 

niyiilii,  13, 15. 

niijrieani,  12,  39,  40, 66, 74-75. 

iatiiratiii.  39, 40, 56, 68-69. 

lubulatu;  36,  39, 40, 86,  75-76. 

thyiamideg,  39,  40,  56, 80-85. 

ifli/er,  38,  40,  56-59, 


INDEX. 


133 


-112. 


Myotit,  villoiifsimui,  12. 

yiiiiianentiH  JO.  40, 50.  G6-6.S. 
myotii  (J/i/oti*),  13, 15. 
iiijotis  (Vcspcrtilio),  15. 
iiiys.tiiciims  (Vrsixirtilio),  111,  17. 
nij.stiix  (Hyiioxidoii),  14. 
iiijstHX  (N'octilio),  32. 
iiiystnx  (VeupcTtilio),  32. 
Naiinii;^i>,  15,  87. 
iiatliOHii  (VcHjn'ru{!0),  20. 
ii.itKTcri  (Vosjicrtilio),  14, 15. 
((iV/riV(.H»  (Ityotis),  12.  ;«>.  40, 50, 74-75. 
iiigii  iin»(V"c8p«.'rtllii>),  32,69,74. 
iiilssiiiii  ( Vettiicrugo),  20. 
iiil.sHciui  (Vt'spenis),  15. 
iiiliiliiH  (VfsportiUo),  32,30,60.  a9. 
Xclili,,  18. 

iiiy.stnx,  32. 

niiviflioriK'viisiH.  20. 
ii(ictivii;;;iinH  (Ciii'pbaiophiliiH),  13. 
ii.cticayans  {Latioin/elenn),  ;,9,  40,80-87. 
nu('tiv.i^aii.<i  (S;'(it()pliilu»),  39.  80. 
iioi'tiviigans  (Vcspeiiilio).  IJ.  I.'2,80. 
iioftivagan.s  ( Vespcrugo),  39, 86. 
.N'octula,  15,05. 
iiocliila  (I'll  rjiijUti'h).  87, 
iioetula  (\'c.speru};i»),20, 104. 
NiTctuliiiiii.  87. 

niiVi.'b(iracrii.siH  (Atalnplia),  39.  lUO. 
iii)vcl)oniC('ii»is  (LaKiiiiu.'*),  ;;9,  lOli. 
ii(ivcl)oriu('iiKi.s  (XiK'tilio),  2<' 
iiovilicrait'iisis  (N't'spiTtilin.'.JL',  105. 
iii>vcl)<)racii»  (Vc>tiiertiliii),'i2. 105. 
Xvcticca.  10. 118. 

iTi'piisi'iilaris, 24.  llo. 

^yII(H■^■pIlalll^<,  25. 
Syc  iefiiit,  15,  54,  1 18. 

ri(fc«(n(.'-,  .JO.  41, 120-121. 

Iiiimcraliii.  10.40,41,  118-120. 

tt'sgi'lalus,  10. 
Xyitii'i'.jii.s,  18, 118. 

( r('|iu-cnlar'8,  40, 119. 
Xyili(cu.s.  10, 118. 
XyiliicyN.lO,  118. 
.\nctilittit,  10. 

siCii/i'/iKs,  10,  35. 
Xyititliciiiim,  10, 

lintcim,  33. 

relax,  37. 
Nytt(ipliiliiH,42. 
Xystactt'.s,  1C.  55. 
ilsnti  i(K  {l'iiiii<lrellii»),S9,  iO,m. 
DliHiuniR  (Vi'Hpcrtilio).  33,60. 
ore;;iPiit>n.>.lH  (V'<'t<pertili(i),33.  £9. 
I'adiyotiis,  15,  10. 
jiarijieiu  (.1  utrczonn),  38,  40,  45, 46. 
palli'icent  {('orynoiliiniii), 38,  (0,  52, 53. 
j'alliilvs  (.1  ntni-oiiK),  ,38, 40,  4;M5. 
pn''  (Vcupertilio).  12,33,43, 

/"ii  I  >•.•;  ( Wfcu;. <■;•.' *.l),  17,  33,  40.  41,  123, 125-120. 
paivi.lim  (Vfspcriigo),  40,  123,  125. 
|ii'lli:('i(liiH  (CiiepliaiiipliiliiH),  13. 
I « r.«tiiciUaliis  (Vespwillld),  18. 
pltil'iri(.\ta)nplin),33,.19, 110. 
Ilriffiii  (/,a«ii(ri/«).  ;<9.  41.  105.  110. 
pUaiopH  ( VeHlH-rtllio),  30,  33,  UO. 


lipistielluf,  10,  54, 87-88. 

abramut.  10. 

aiiitraliii.  30,  40,  TO. 

/(*»j)<'iii«,  39,  40,88-90. 

o6«CHn(#,:;9,  40,93. 

pipiiitrt  llut,  88. 

§ubjlarui,  35,  39, 40, 88,  SO-92. 

vcrcremeia,  30,  40, 88.  '.3-05. 
pipiitrtUui  {I'ipiitreUut).  88. 
pipiHtrt'lluH  (Vespertilio),  10. 
pipistroUuH  (VcHperngo),  15,20. 
I'leeoliiKK,  41,  46. 
PUeotut.  17. 18,  40. 

auritut,  140. 

levnntii,  29, 51. 

niacroti.-),  13, 30, 38, 51. 

ralincsquii.  34. 

ti>wii8«ti<1ii,  13,  37, 53. 

velatiis,  14. 
priteu.i  (Xyetitlierium),  33. 
proiiimjmtt  ( Vesiirrtilio),  39, 40,  lOO-lnl. 
prop'iir|iiiiR  ( Vcspcnigo),  31),  liiO  lUl. 
propiiiqmi.s  (Vegpcnis).  3{l,  K.O. 
priiteriis  (VespiTf  ilio),  87. 
prainosito  (ScotopliiliiB),  15. 
pruinosiis  ( Vt'8pi>i'tiitO/,34, 112. 
Pteniimi.  18. 
PteriiijUlen.  20.  h7. 

leUliri,  87. 

noiliila,  87. 
pnlvur'ilfutiia  (V.'spcrtilio),  34.80. 
raliiK'siiiiil  (I'lccdtiis),  :'4. 
A'Ao<;.i's.«(  17.54,  122-123. 

aiJ.Mi.2U.  40.  41.  12;i.  128-I21t. 

</r(K-i7i((,  40,  II,  12:;.  120-128. 

lllill:iillU.  123.  12."). 

pniviila,  17.  3.',  40,  41, 123.  ■]-..-i-12«. 

tinnula,  17, 37,40,  II.  12:i-l:;.'i.  , 

KlioKiicssa,  17. 122. 
riibcUii.i  (VcspertilHP),  34,  lu,"i. 
rubra  (Vi-spertiliii),  31, 100. 
nit'iis  (Tapli<i/.(ms),  17. 
riif'ii.s  ( VespiTtilio).  34,  UMi. 
salaril  (Ve.sp('itllii>),3l. 
'i-^iimtun  {Myolix).  30,  40,  .')(1.  08-0.), 
Havii  ( Vi'8in'rii;:cu,  20. 
hivii  {Vcspcrii.s),  15. 
iS'ofoiff'iliie,  17. 
!<.'oti)i;liil»s.85,87,  0.5. 

Iii"llii,21. 

l)lo88t'vnici,  15, 

cMibi'iisis.  24,102. 

f  ii.scii.s, ;  9,  00. 

goiiruianii8,30, 90. 

gr'M  nil,  27,  Of. 

liCHpfi  118,  27,  39, 88. 

kulilii,  17. 

iiiiMUrayii,30. 

iiiiraiI(ireiiHi8, 31.9i>. 

iioctivajiaiis.  39,86. 

pnilniisi'.K,  15. 
SelynliiR,  17.  ,")5. 
HHiiiiuiiln  (AUilnpbul,  35,  li>9. 
nemitiiiiiiDf  ha>iiiniK),  39,  41.  lO^i.  I'.O. 
Heptciilritmnlis  (\'i'f<p»'rtiliii|,  3"i,  75, 
teroHnu*  (XjctiU'ites).  10.35, 


J 


i; 


li 


.    ! 


134 

terotinut  { Vespertilin),  99. 

xerotiiiiis  (Ve8))erugo),  20,39,05,06. 

HiTotiiuiH  (V«nperuM),  13. 

Hiriiln  (Atalnjiba),  13. 

H|i!iHmii  (VeH'portilin),  18. 

8]iectrniii  (VcHpertilio),  18. 

fiihllavuH  (ripistrellus),  .">&,  39, 40, 88,  00-92. 

Riibflavu8  (Vt'Bpertili<»),  35,  90. 

tubulattiM  (ilyotis),  30,  39.  40,  ."Ml,  75-76. 

Hiiliulatim  (VeHpertiUo),  29,36, 39, 73. 

Sjnotiis,  17,  4». 

nincrotiH,  38,51. 

towiiRendi),  39. 52. 
Taplwioui,  17. 

bracliiiianiiR,  18. 

rufiis,  17. 
teliotin  (.Vtalnplia).  36,  39, 110. 
telhtin  (Lttsiiinis),  30,41, 105, 110-111. 
tciiuidorfinlig  (Ves)iertilio).  36.69. 
tc8Kelatii.s  (NyctioeiuH),  10. 
tcsHelatiia  (Vcsperlilio),  36,  106. 
th]intnod'8  (Myotis),  39,  40,  56,  80-85. 
toiinsentlii  (Corj/nnrtiiniii),  38, 40, 52, 53-54. 
townsi'iidii  (I'lecotiig),  13,  37,53. 
toM'Dgeiidii  (SjnntUH),  38,  52. 
himida  (Ithogeessa).  17.  37.  40, 41, 123-125. 
nrsiniiR  (Vespcrtilio),  37,96. 
Vampjinis,  18. 
vainpyriiH  (Vi-spertilio),  18. 
vclatus  (I'lei'otiis),  14. 
reli/er  (.1/.i/«(i*).  38.  40, 50-59. 
vcliler  (Vespcrtilio).  37,  .38,  39,  56, 8(i. 
relox  (\nctitlieriuiii  i,  37. 
vertpeniciii  {I'iintfrdliiK),  39, 40,  88, 93-95 
vpiu'criicis  (VfHi)eriigo),  37.93. 
Vcsporidi'S,  18,  85. 
Vtiiliertilio,  18.54,5.5,95. 

amiiiH-,  20,  38. 

agiliii,  73. 

alliCMfcii.H,  20,  39, 64,  06. 

albvjulan$.  20,39,41.104. 

nlcyfliof,  15,95. 

(•rqiiatiis,  20,96. 

audiiliiiiii,  20,86. 

aiiritiirt,  IH. 

niiRlrnripariiM,  21,  60. 

haha mentis,  39,41. 101-102. 

barbaHtcUiis,  17. 

becliHlfiiiii,  16. 

borealiN,  21, 105. 

brovirostris,  21. 

oalcaratiiH,  21. 

raliforniciiB,  21.69. 

cnroHl,  22,  38. 60. 

caroliuenHiH,  22,96. 

chr.vHoiintus,  23, 77, 

ciliatuB,  14. 

riliolabriini,  23. 39,73. 

cinereiis,  23, 112. 

oraHHiiH,  23. 

creeks,  24. 

eubrniit,  39, 41, 102-103. 

cyanopt«trn8, 24. 

dMyrnenie,  13. 

daiilientonil,  18. 

dlMulur,  19. 


INDEX. 


Ve$perHUo,  dnmesticus.  23. 
dntertreiiH.  25, 102. 
erytlirodactylng.  25, 90. 
evotU.25,39,77,80. 
exiIiH,2.).  09. 
fxuciiK,  20,  39.  40,  96-99. 
genrgianiiH,  28,  29,  90. 
gryphus,  27,  39,  60,  75. 
lienHliawii,  27.  39,  69. 
liumeralia,  10.27.  118. 
incauf ««,  28,  56, 59. 
keenii,  28,  77. 
lancealatiis,  28. 
latiiuriia,  28, 105. 
la-siiniM.  ?'',  105. 
It^ibii.  29. 
leitoriniiH,  18. 
IfptuniH,  17. 
longi«ru.^,  29,  39,  64. 
luiifiigiis,  29,  38,  .59,  60. 
;iiaci((p«M,  30, 39, 66, 67. 
iiipgalotiK,  30. 
nielanorliiiiiiH,  30, 39, 69. 
inelanotiiit,  30. 
iiiexicaniis.  31,73. 
mira(loreii$it.  39, 40,  99-100. 
inimachiiH,  31, 106. 
niontioiila,  31. 
viui-iinit,  14,  15,  18,  19. 
niydas,  32. 
myotic.  15. 
iiiygtacinus,  13, 17. 
iiiyHtax,  32. 
iiatter;T'   14. 
nigricnii.4.  32.  09,  74. 
nitidiia,  32,  39,00,69. 
iioctivagiiiin,  14,32,86. 
iiovoborat'eiiNig,  32, 105. 
iiovolH>ra<'im.  32, 105. 
obsi'iiriia,  33,  69. 
orejjoneiisis,  33, 69. 
paliidiiH,  12,33,43. 
pprapiiMllatuH.  18. 
pliaiops,  30,  33,  96. 
pipigtrcllns.  10. 
propiiii/vvii.  39,40, 100-101. 
proterus,  67. 
|iriiiiio8ii8,  34, 112. 
pulverulpntiis,  34,  86. 
rub<>Ilii8,  34, 105. 
rubra,  34, 106. 
riifiiH.  34.  106. 
Hill  irii,  ,34. 

Heptpiitrionalis,  35, 7.5. 
KKrotinng.  99. 
Hpaania,  18. 
aped  nun,  18. 
8ubrlavu8,  35,  9fl. 
Hiibiilatua,  28,  36,  39,  75. 
tenuidoraalia.  36. 69. 
te88elatiig,  36,  106. 
iirciniiB,  37,96. 
varopyruH.  18. 
vehfer,  .37, 38, 39, 56,  gO. 
villo«l8alnr.:«,  16. 
Tirginiaiiu«,37. 


INDEX. 


135 


Vei^pfrtilio.  voIbiih,  38,09. 

vtinianeiisiA.  38.  39, 60, 09. 
\ ffprrttUimidw,  .41. 
Vetpertilioninn'.  41.  ,'54. 
W'.-iperiigo,  19,  8.'),  87,  9,1. 

iilbigiilariA  39,  104. 

.illiolinibatuH,  20. 

aristijipc,  30. 

raroliueiLsis,  39,  91. 

cuheimis,  102. 

(lisoiddr,  14,  19, 20. 

{reorgianiiB,  39,  91. 

licspenis.  .'19,  88. 

kraHchoiiinikowii,  14. 

kulilii,  15,20. 

It'isleri.  20. 

lencipjie,  20. 

roannis.  14. 

merriaini.  31, 88. 

iiatlni.sii,  2ii. 

iiattereri,  14, 15. 

niUsoiii.  20. 

iioctirag.iii.s.  39.  s(i. 

no(-tiilii,20, 104. 


Vesperiigo,  parvnliis.  40, 123, 125. 

pipi.strt'Iliifi,  1.5.  20. 

prnpini|iiiis.  39. 100-101. 

Hnvii,  20. 

i*eri>tinii8. 20, 39.  95,  96. 

vern-criifjs.  37. 93. 
VpHponis.  20. 95. 

•ilbigulari.'*.  15,20. 104. 

iirmtippc,  li>. 

cubaDiis.  24,120. 

•lisrolor,  15. 

fiiscu.-.  39,  Wi. 

Icucippt",  l.'i. 

iiilsiiuni,  15. 

propin(iiiii!<,  33. 10(). 

Bavii,  \a. 

Herotiiiiis.  13. 
viUorittimu*  {Myotit),  12. 
villosis.siiiiiiH  (Vi'SpiTtilio).  Ifi. 
virginiiinim  (Vp.spertiliii).  37, 
Vdlans  ( VcapiTtilio)  38.  C9. 
yvmaneniiii  (Miiolh).  39.  -ti',  56,  r,{)-6!<. 
.yiimaneiisiD  (Vespertilio),  38, 3r«  GH,  CI. 


''^i 


' 


ll 


M 


if 


«1  i 


t  ,1 


li^ 


i 

\ 

1    i 

) 

1 

i 

! 


PLATE  I. 

[One  ami  oiie-lialf  time*  natural  size.] 

Fiu.  1.  Myotia  relifer  (J.  A.  Allen).    Patzcnaro,  Mic-boacaii,  Mexico. 
(No.  52179,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mub.) 
2.  JUyotiB  vaiifoniicua  (Audubon  &  Barhmau).    Nicasio,  Cal. 
(No.  1512,  Merriani  collection.) 
,-^.  ^fyo(i8  !iiimniii:!>8is  (H.  Allen).    Tiilare,  Cal. 
■^  (No.  30 :■      '■.  ^"   Nat.  Mus.) 

4,  Nyctic(in8  hiiu)  'aiin<-8<|nc.     Browusville,  Tex. 

(No.  5261S,  I  .       Sat.  Mus.) 

5.  Myotis  fhijH(niu<teH  Miller  (topotype).     Old  Fort  Tt-jou,  C.il. 

(2!t82l,  r.  S.  Nat.  .Mus.) 
H.  Myotis  orotia  (H.  Allen).     Hull  Lake,  Wyoiuiu};. 

(No.  5584(5,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 
7.  ifAof/ft'SSrt  j/r«»t/i»  Milh'r  (type).    Piaxtla,  Puebla,  Mexico, 

(No.  70fi94,  r.  8.  Nat.  Mus.) 
X.  Hhogei'iisa  tiimhla  H.  Allen.    Culinia,  Mexico. 

(No.  52065,  ir.  S  Nat.  Mus.) 
!>.  t'orynorhiniia  macrolix  toinisendii  (Cooper).    Gold  Heacli,  Oregon. 

(No.  88542,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mub.) 

10.  Antrozoiia  imUhhia  (Lo  Coute).     Sycamore  Creek,  Texas. 

(No.  24155,  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 

11.  Enilerma  maculatinn  (.F.  A.  Allen)  (type).     Ventura  County,  Cal. 

(No.  •!;;•',',  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Ilist.N.  Y.) 

12.  lihogei'mia  iiraoiHt  Miller  (type).     Piaxtla,  Puebla,  Mexico. 

(No.76«!t4,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 

13.  Ilhogei'fisa  itimiila  H.  Allen.     Colinia,  Mexico. 

(No.  52065,  I".  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 

14.  NycHceius  hiimeraUa  Ratinesi|iio.     lirowusville,  Tex. 

(No.  52613,  U.  a.  Nat.  Mus.) 
136 


North  American  Fauru,  No.  1 3. 


Plate  I. 


1.  Myotis  vtlifer. 

2.  ilyitti*  riiltfnmiCH* 

3.  Myi>ti»  i/i«»i'»n»H»M. 

4.  Aycfi'-d'iM  humenilis. 

5.  Myolin  IhgMtHndf*. 

7.  HhotfvtMa  irruriJM. 


8.  Rhmjeviuui  tumida 

V.  f '(>r//iii)Wiiiii(.H  iiiiiriotiH  lou'HSendi. 

111.  AlltlDZIIKS  )>(lllillH.H. 

II.  Kmifrina  tuiirHlntwn. 

I  '.  Nhoijfi'Huii  (iriiriliK. 

13.  h'hiMivi'niKi  i  11)11  i(l<(. 

14.  Xyvtux'iiiH  huinerali». 


PLATE  II. 

[Out-  nn<t  Dtic-liall'  tiint-H  tiatiiral  size.] 

Fig.  1.  Mijotis  californicm  (Aiidubou  «.t  nachniaii).     Nicnsio,  f!al. 

(No.  1.112,  Merriain  collection.) 
2.  -l/i/o<i8  »/HmaHc««i«  (H.  Allen).     Tulare,  C'al. 

(U.  S.Nat.  Mns.) 
'A.  Miiotis  evotii  {\\.  XWen).     Ball  Lak     Wyoniin;^. 

(Xo.  .-.5846,  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.) 

4.  Mjiotis  erolit  (H.  -Mien).     Peiote,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

(Xo.  Sjmi,  r.  S.  Nat.  Mns.) 

5.  Myolin  fhiixanotleM  MilltT  (type).     Old  Fort  Tejon,  California. 

(Xo.  29827,  r.  S.  Nat.  Mns.) 
f).  Mijotis  ri'lifer  (.1.  A.  Allen).  Patzcuaio,  Micboacan,  Mexico. 
(No.  52282,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 


■li 


it 


ii  ^ 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  13. 


Plate  II. 


1.  ytyitt  is  calif  amicus. 

2.  Hiiotis  yumiineuKiH. 

3.  ilyoti»evotia  (Bull  Lake,  Wyo.). 


4.  3Iifi>tiii  evoti*  (P«mte,  Mexico). 
h.  iljfotix  thjiHaniMlvK. 
b.  JJyutia  velijer. 


! 


]■   . 


PLATK  III. 


'1' 


[TwD'^tiinlK  iiattirul  xizc.] 

Fi<i.  1.  I'lcvoliis  auritiis  {lAuQ.).     WtUateig,  HaikMi,  <'ennany. 
(No.  Uy5,  Miller  "ol lection.  1 
1.'.  Coriinofhiiiiia  macroliH  jiaUeHceiin  Miller.     <  »wen8  Lake,  Ciil. 

(\o.  28951,  IT.  S.  Nat.  Miis.) 
:t.  Umlevma  mavuhthtm  (.).  A.  Allen)  (type).     Veniiira  Coiiuty,  HaL 

(Xo.  i|;; •;',',  Am.  Mas.  Nat.  Hist..  N.  Y.) 
I.  l.aniiiniH  chicreuB  (Heaiivois).    Vegas  Valley,  Nevada. 

(Xo.27!>7G,  U.  8.  Nat.  Miis.) 
110 


North  Americin  Fiur«,  No.  13. 


Plate  III. 


1.  Ftecotun  auritus. 

'J.  Corynurhinus  macrotiii  palleiu-ens. 


;).  Kuderma  maculatum. 
4    Latiurun  citteretu. 


wism 


